在210K温度下CW运转5.2μm的量子级联激光器

在210K的温度下，5．2μm的量子级联激光器在CW运转下输出光功率高于5mW，利用温差电致冷器件即可达到此温度．将激光器放置于铜块上，在210K时，它的热阻抗约为10K／W．使用实验测量得到的T0=136K，J0=535A/cm2，Vop=8．1V和上述的热阻值，理论上可以达到激光运转的最高温度是212K，与实验结果相一致．通过热学模拟显示，由提高激光器的设计和散热，可使热阻抗降低到8．8K／W，从而使激光器运转温度提高到230K。     

微型探头测量脉冲超声场参量的初步研究

报道用笔型水听器测量CTS—2A型超声诊断仪的1.25,2.5MHz探头的声场参量结果。1.25MHz探头在轴向距离13cm处声压P_ =0.15789MPa,P_-=0.11658MPa,I_(SPTP)=1.66W/cm~2;2.5MHz探头在轴向距离15cm处P_ =0.055MPa,P_-=0.05955MPa,I_(SPTP)=0.183W/cm~2。声脉冲宽度约在3～5μs。在这样的条件下,液体介质存在引发声空化潜在的危险。     

小麦根系联合固氮菌筛选与回接作用

从我国河北省农田小麦根系上分离出三株联合固氮菌W—43、W—432、W—91。对其细胞形态、培养特征、生理生化特性及DNA中G+C含量的研究结果表明,W—43菌株为肺炎克氏杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)、W—432菌株为产气肠杆菌(En-terbacter aerogenes)、W—91菌株为粪产碱菌(Alcaligenes faecalis)。利用这三株菌回接小麦播种,促进其生长发育,改善氮素营养状况,增加生物学产量6.5—11.7％。     

空间单质体与双质体自同步振动机的同步理论

本文用平均转矩差法研究了空间单质体与双质体自同步振动机的同步理论,对下列问题予以考虑: 1.自同步振动机的同步性条件; 2.振动阻尼对振动机同步性条件与同步运转状态稳定性的影响; 3.两电动机转矩差(△Mg)与两转轴上的摩擦转矩差(△M_f)对振动机工作的影响。 求得同步性判据为 |D_a|≥1,D_a=m_0~2φ~2r~2W/△M_g-△M_f 式中,D_a——同步性指数; W——稳定性指数; m_0、r——偏心质量及其偏心距; φ——角速度。 并求得同步运转状态的稳定性判据为 Wcos△α_0≥0 即 W≥0 (当△a_0=-90°～90°) W≤0 (当△α_0=90°～270°) △α_0为两偏心质量的相位差角。 自同步振动机的稳定性指数W,当振动机为空间单质体和空间双质体时其表达式分别为式(21)及式(54)。上述判别式通过实验验证,结果是满意的。     

[γ-SiW10O36]构成的二聚杂多酸盐的合成及表征

采用常规方法合成了新颖的二聚的多金属氧酸盐K8[{γ-Si W10O32}2(μ2-O)4].13H2O(Ⅰ).对其进行了元素分析、红外光谱及TG表征,并测定了其晶体的结构.单晶X射线结构测定表明:化合物Ⅰ的独立结构单元由2个γ-Si W10O36单元通过4个W—O—W键连接构成;晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为P2(1)/n;a=1.524 4(3)nm,b=1.320 3(3)nm,c=1.904 4(4)nm,β=105.45(3)°,V=3.694 2(13)nm3,Z=2,R1=0.070 6,wR2=0.162 1.     

超声法从剩余污泥中提取微生物絮凝剂的研究

通过超声系列试验,对超声法从剩余污泥中提取微生物絮凝剂(MBF)进行了系统研究.从剩余污泥中提取的MBF在偏酸性条件下和35～40℃范围内表现出较高的絮凝活性.超声时间以1～3 min为宜,超声功率以210～270W为宜.污泥浓度越高,所提取的MBF浓度越高;对于从高浓度污泥提取的MBF,投加剂量可随污泥浓度升高而减小,以获得较好的絮凝效果.MBF主要成分包括蛋白质、多糖和核酸.研究结果表明,超声法可用于从剩余污泥中直接提取MBF,在降低MBF生产成本的同时实现污泥的资源化利用.     

黄鳍鲷SparuslatusHouttuyn生长的初步研究

1981—1984年作者在南海沿海共采集了636尾黄鳍鲷进行生长研究.数理统计分析结果确定鳞长—体长函数关系式为:L=65.3518 S~(0.6510).由该公式制定出鳞长—体长关系表,引进系数K对各实测值进行校正后,推算出各龄体长值.体长—体重关系式为;W=3.3925×10~(-5)L~(2.9862),依该关系式推算各龄体重及相对增长率.由各龄体长值求得Von Bertallanffy生长方程参数L∞=564.19毫米;k=0.1338;t_0=-1.6647.将几种鲷科鱼类的生长速度作了比较.     

超声功率对冷壁面冻结液滴脱除效果的影响

试验研究了超声功率对冷壁面冻结液滴脱除效果的影响,分析了不同超声功率对不同尺寸以及不同冻结时间冻结液滴的脱除能力.试验结果表明,超声振荡可以有效脱除冷表面冻结液滴,且随着超声输入功率从100 W增加到1 000 W,冷壁面冻结液滴脱除概率逐渐增加;冻结液滴粒径越大,超声功率对冻结液滴的脱除效果越显著;冻结时间越长,达到相同脱除概率所需的超声功率越大.通过调整超声功率可使冷表面冻结液滴的脱除概率达到70%.试验结果为超声波除霜功率参数配置提供了依据.     

鄱阳湖产银鱼生长的研究

记述了鄱阳湖产3种银鱼的完整世代的个体体长、体重增长情况.通过对生长指标的分析,将每种鱼的生长划分为若干阶段.太湖短吻银鱼(Neosa-lanx tankahkeii taihuensis)生长较快的阶段在3—7月和9—12月;乔氏短吻银鱼(Neosalanx jordani)生长较快的阶段在3—5月、9—10月和翌年3—5月;雷氏银鱼(Reganisalanx brachyrostralis)生长较快的阶段在2—8月和10—11月.此外,由最小二乘线性回归法,求得3种银鱼体长(体高)与体重的关系:太湖短吻银鱼W=3.12290×10~(-4)·l~(3·65443),或W=1.82594×10~(-2)·l~(2·23828)·h~(0·847895);乔氏短吻银鱼W=4.54854×10~(-3)·l~(2·94307);雷氏银鱼W=6.62807×10~(-4)·l~(3·24125).根据对银鱼个体生长的研究,认为在鄱阳湖南部捕捞银鱼的时间应在11月15日至12月31日,其他水域捕捞银鱼应在11月1日至12月31日.     

平菇多糖提取方法的比较

以平菇为原料, 分别采用破碎、 超声波和超声辅助复合酶3种提取方法提取平菇水溶性多糖. 正交优化结果表明： 提取温度90 ℃, 剪切速率11 350 r/min, 提取时间20 min, 提取3次, 破碎法提取多糖得率为11.20%; 提取温度60 ℃,  超声功率450 W, 提取时间60 min, 提取3次, 超声法提取多糖得率为9.75%; 提取温度30 ℃, 超声功率350 W, 提取时间60 min, 溶液pH=5, 超声辅助复合酶法提取多糖得率为12.05%. 综合考虑提取得率、 节能环保、 操作方法等因素, 选用破碎法提取平菇多糖较理想.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.