分子量对N-炔丙基酰胺螺旋聚合物光学活性的影响

以铑金属络合物为催化剂,手性N-炔丙基酰胺单体均聚反应,采用逐步沉淀法将得到的聚合物分级,用GPC法确定各级聚合物的分子量及其分布,并用圆二色(CD)和紫外-可见吸收(UV-V is)光谱技术及旋光仪对各级聚合物的二级结构及光学活性进行表征。结果表明,分子量对螺旋聚合物的光学活性有重要影响,当分子量较低时(平均聚合度DP为5),聚合物不能形成稳定的螺旋结构;在DP为11~85的范围内,聚合物CD信号的强度和比旋光度随着聚合度的增加而显著提高;但当聚合度进一步增大时(DP为105~166),CD信号的强度和比旋光度变化不再明显。     

含π-共轭平面取代基的苯乙炔螺旋聚合物的制备

设计并成功合成了一种含π-共轭平面取代基的苯乙炔单体,并通过核磁共振确定了单体的化学结构。以铑催化剂([Rh(nbd)Cl]2)为主催化剂,手性胺苯乙基胺((R)-PEA)为共催化剂的条件下对单体进行螺旋选择性聚合,成功制备了苯乙炔聚合物。通过凝胶渗透色谱测定了聚合物的分子量和分子量分布,并通过圆二色光谱图确定了聚合物具有单手性螺旋结构。     

含供吸电子的手性液晶聚合物的合成与性能

将有供电子基团的手性单体M1和含吸电子基团的单体M2接枝到聚甲基含氢硅氧烷上,得到系列手性液晶聚合物,其中,手性单体的摩尔分数为0～50%.通过红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振谱(1HNMR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、偏光显微分析法(POM)、热失重分析法(TGA)、X射线分析等手段研究了手性单体的含量及供吸基团对侧链胆甾型液晶聚合物性能的影响.结果表明P1～P8都有液晶性且为胆甾型液晶聚合物,系列液晶聚合物的tg随手性单体含量的增加而增加,ti随手性单体含量的增加而降低,P1～P8具有较宽的液晶相范围,热稳定性较高,质量损失5%时的热失重温度均在300℃左右.     

一类具有光学活性胆甾液晶聚合物的合成与表征

介晶单体十一烯酸胆甾醇酯(M1)和非介晶手性单体十一烯酸薄荷醇酯(M2)通过接枝共聚引入聚甲基含氢硅氧烷(PMHS)中,制得系列侧链液晶聚合物P0～P8·通过傅立叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)、偏光显微镜(POM)、X射线衍射分析(WAXD,SAXS)等手段对聚合物的结构、热致液晶性能及热性能进行了表征·聚合物P0～P8均为胆甾型热致液晶,具有较宽的介晶相范围,呈现出典型的胆甾液晶彩色Grandjean织构及油丝织构,但其液晶性能在非介晶的手性单体M2质量分数大于30%时开始变弱·聚合物都具有较高的热稳定...     

La-PMMA-水杨酸-D-苯丙氨酸聚合物的制备与表征

首先将稀土元素镧与D-苯丙氨酸,水杨酸,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)进行配位形成镧配合物,以镧配合物为单体,加入引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)引发单体聚合合成了La-PMMA-水杨酸-D-苯丙氨酸手性聚合物,并通过红外光谱(FT-IR),核磁共振(HNMR),扫描电镜(SEM)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等对产物进行了测试与分析.结果表明:已成功制备了La-PMMA-水杨酸-D-苯丙氨酸手性聚合物;聚合物粒子呈球状,平均粒径约为1μm;手性聚合物的Mw为8 240,分子量分布较窄.     

基于液晶高分子聚合物的激光防护器件

本文介绍了一种基于液晶高分子聚合物薄膜的激光防护器件,器件中的液晶高分子以螺旋结构方式排列,可以有效控制反射无偏振激光. 本工作中详细介绍了液晶高分子聚合物薄膜器件制作的过程工艺,关键材料:非手性单体、手性单体、手性掺杂剂、阻聚剂、光引发剂等的配比对器件光学性能的影响.     

含β-环糊精液晶聚合物的合成与性能

将修饰的β-环糊精衍生物单-(6-丙烯酰乙二氨基-6-去氧)-β-环糊精二十乙酸酯(M1)作为手性单体,4-十一烯酰氧基苯甲酰氧基-4’-乙氧基苯甲酰氧基对联苯酚双酯(M2)作为液晶单体,与聚甲基含氢硅氧烷接枝共聚,得到含β-环糊精基元的液晶聚合物P1～P7.通过FT-IR,1H NMR,DSC,POM,TGA,XRD,旋光分析等手段对所获单体及聚合物的结构、相行为等性能进行了表征与测试.结果表明,单体M1为非液晶手性单体,其比旋光度为+95.30,单体M2呈现向列相的丝状织构,聚合物P1～P7均有液晶性,它们的热稳定性良好,热失重5%时的温度均在300℃左右,随着手性单体M1含量的增加,聚合物的液晶区间变窄,比旋光度值增加.     

聚甲基丙烯酸薄荷醇酯手性高分子的控制合成及表征

利用甲基丙烯酰氯与L-薄荷醇反应合成了甲基丙烯酸薄荷醇酯手性单体,单体通过原子转移自由基聚合(atom transfer radical polymerization,ATRP)的方法控制合成了聚甲基丙烯酸薄荷醇酯手性高分子,并对所合成聚合物的结构进行了1H NMR,13C NMR,CD和GPC的表征.结果表明,所得到的聚合物是具有窄分子量分布和光学活性的高分子.     

含葡萄糖基元的胆甾型液晶聚合物的合成与表征

把手性单体1-O-(十一烯)-β-D-四乙酰葡萄糖苷(M1)和液晶单体4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸胆甾醇酯(M2)接枝到聚甲基含氢硅氧烷上,手性单体的摩尔分数从0至30%,得到系列液晶聚合物.通过红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振谱(1HNMR)、旋光分析、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、偏光显微分析法(POM)、热失重分析法(TGA)、X射线分析等手段研究了手性单体对侧链胆甾型液晶聚合物性能的影响.结果表明P1~P7都有液晶性且为胆甾型液晶聚合物,系列液晶聚合物的tg和ti随手性单体含量的增加而降低,P1~P7具有较宽的液晶相范围,热稳定性较高,质量损失5%时的热失重温度均在300℃左右.     

手性联二萘侧基聚(3,3'-联咔唑对苯二腈)的合成及其聚集诱导发光和圆偏振发光性能研究

以手性联二萘(BINOL)取代的2, 3-二氟对苯二腈和3, 3'-联咔唑为单体,通过碳-氮偶联反应得到一对共轭聚合物(R)-P1和(S)-P1,并且通过1H NMR与13C NMR、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、热重分析(TGA)、荧光发射光谱(PL)、圆二色谱(CD)和圆偏振发光(CPL)光谱等对聚合物的化学结构、分子量、热稳定性以及光物理性质等进行了表征.结果表明:该聚合物具有明显的聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质;手性联二萘侧基能有效地诱导共轭主链的微环境,使该聚合物具有手性活性,且表现出CPL特性.     

Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis Using A Cocrystal Approach

1 Results Absolute asymmetric synthesis by means of solid-state reaction of chiral crystals self-assembled from achiral molecules is an attractive and promising methodology for asymmetric synthesis because it is not necessary to employ any external chiral source like a chiral catalyst.In order to design reliably absolute asymmetric syntheses in the solid state,it is inevitable to prepare and predict the formation of chiral crystals from achiral compounds.We have prepared a number of chiral cocrystals co...     

含有扭曲晶界相手性液晶AEMBB的合成

根据具有强扭曲的扭曲晶界相(TGB)理论,设计并合成了一种含有TGBC*相态的手性液晶单体(+)4-(2-丙烯酰氧基)乙氧基苯甲酰氧基-[4′-(2-甲基)丁氧基]联苯酯(AEMBB).通过红外光谱分析反应物的羧酸基和羟基峰的消失判断反应完成;通过核磁共振确定各氢原子位置以确定目标产物的实现;并通过偏光显微镜和DSC研究了目标产物的液晶性能和相转变类型.结合偏光显微镜和DSC证明单体AEMBB存在胆甾、扭曲晶界和手性近晶C等多种相态,为互变液晶.     

An enantiomerically pure hydrogen-bonded assembly

Chiral molecules have asymmetric arrangements of atoms, forming structures that are non-superposable mirror images of each other. Specific mirror images ('enantiomers') may be obtained either from enantiomerically pure precursor compounds, through enantioselective synthesis, or by resolution of so-called racemic mixtures of opposite enantiomers, provided that racemization (the spontaneous interconversion of enantiomers) is sufficiently slow. Non-covalent assemblies can similarly adopt chiral supramolecular structures, and if they are held together by relatively strong interactions, such as metal coordination, methods analogous to those used to obtain chiral molecules yield enantiomerically pure non-covalent products. But the resolution of assemblies formed through weak interactions, such as hydrogen-bonding, remains challenging, reflecting their lower stability and significantly higher susceptibility to racemization. Here we report the design of supramolecular structures from achiral calix[4]arene dimelamines and cyanurates, which form multiple cooperative hydrogen bonds that together provide sufficient stability to allow the isolation of enantiomerically pure assemblies. Our design strategy is based on a non-covalent 'chiral memory' concept, whereby we first use chiral barbiturates to induce the supramolecular chirality in a hydrogen-bonded assembly, and then substitute them by achiral cyanurates. The stability of the resultant chiral assemblies in benzene, a non-polar solvent not competing for hydrogen bonds, is manifested by a half-life to racemization of more than four days at room temperature.     

Amplification of chirality in two-dimensional enantiomorphous lattices

The concept of chirality dates back to 1848, when Pasteur manually separated left-handed from right-handed sodium ammonium tartrate crystals. Crystallization is still an important means for separating chiral molecules into their two different mirror-image isomers (enantiomers), yet remains poorly understood. For example, there are no firm rules to predict whether a particular pair of chiral partners will follow the behaviour of the vast majority of chiral molecules and crystallize together as racemic crystals, or as separate enantiomers. A somewhat simpler and more tractable version of this phenomenon is crystallization in two dimensions, such as the formation of surface structures by adsorbed molecules. The relatively simple spatial molecular arrangement of these systems makes it easier to study the effects of specific chiral interactions; moreover, chiral assembly and recognition processes can be observed directly and with molecular resolution using scanning tunnelling microscopy. The enantioseparation of chiral molecules in two dimensions is expected to occur more readily because planar confinement excludes some bulk crystal symmetry elements and enhances chiral interactions; however, many surface structures have been found to be racemic. Here we show that the chiral hydrocarbon heptahelicene on a Cu111 surface does not undergo two-dimensional spontaneous resolution into enantiomers, but still shows enantiomorphism on a mesoscopic length scale that is readily amplified. That is, we observe formation of racemic heptahelicene domains with non-superimposable mirror-like lattice structures, with a small excess of one of the heptahelicene enantiomers suppressing the formation of one domain type. Similar to the induction of homochirality in achiral enantiomorphous monolayers by a chiral modifier, a small enantiomeric excess suffices to ensure that the entire molecular monolayer consists of domains having only one of two possible, non-superimposable, mirror-like lattice structures.     

Structural insights into the stereochemistry of the cyclooxygenase reaction

Cyclooxygenases are bifunctional enzymes that catalyse the first committed step in the synthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes and other eicosanoids. The two known cyclooxygenases isoforms share a high degree of amino-acid sequence similarity, structural topology and an identical catalytic mechanism. Cyclooxygenase enzymes catalyse two sequential reactions in spatially distinct, but mechanistically coupled active sites. The initial cyclooxygenase reaction converts arachidonic acid (which is achiral) to prostaglandin G2 (which has five chiral centres). The subsequent peroxidase reaction reduces prostaglandin G2 to prostaglandin H2. Here we report the co-crystal structures of murine apo-cyclooxygenase-2 in complex with arachidonic acid and prostaglandin. These structures suggest the molecular basis for the stereospecificity of prostaglandin G2 synthesis.     

催化合成聚降冰片烯-聚(乙烯-co-丙烯)嵌段共聚物

将活性开环易位聚合得到的聚降冰片烯所带的茂钛取代环丁烷末端基转变成烷氧基茂钛,然后在ＡｌＥｔＣｌ２助催剂存在下催化乙烯与丙烯配位共聚合,合成出聚降冰片烯聚（乙烯ｃｏ丙烯）两嵌段共聚物．考察了铝钛比、聚合温度和单体配比对乙丙共聚合的影响,并通过溶剂萃取及１３ＣＮＭＲ分析对聚合产物进行表征．结果表明约３６％的活性聚降冰片烯有效地转换并在助催剂ＡｌＥｔＣｌ２存在下使乙丙共聚合形成嵌段共聚物．低的聚合温度和铝钛比以及高的乙烯单体比有利于增加乙丙共聚物中形成嵌段共聚物比例     

准一维聚噻吩及以噻吩为基的共聚物的光学性质

利用半经验的ZINDO方法研究了聚噻吩及以噻吩为基的共聚物的电子光跃迁性质．以噻吩为基的共聚物具有阱-垒-阱结构特征，阱部分为具有不同共轭长度的聚噻吩，垒部分为具有大能隙的非可见的发光材料．计算发现，改变阱的共轭长度和垒的结构可控制聚合物的发光，跃迁能随链长的增加而减小，表现为光吸收谱红移．