沉积温度对取向纳米ZnO阵列形貌结构的影响

采用化学气相沉积方法，以ZnO及无定形碳粉末为原料，高纯Ar气为载气，在单晶硅和Al2O3基底上，用化学气相沉积技术，在750—1050℃范围内制备了取向的纳米ZnO晶体阵列．用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和荧光光谱（PL）等方法对ZnO薄膜阵列的结构和性能进行了表征，发现沉积温度对取向ZnO纳米阵列的生长结构和光致发光特性有重要影响，并就生长条件对纳米ZnO晶体阵列性能的影响因素进行了讨论分析．     

两步水浴法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列的研究

通过预加热处理完成了氧化锌（ZnO）种子层的制备,在种子层退火之后利用水浴法生长制备了排列有序的ZnO纳米棒阵列.采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和光致发光光谱（PL）分析了ZnO纳米棒阵列的表面形貌、结构和光学性质,考察了预处理温度和水洗时间对产物性能的影响.结果表明：预处理温度较低时无法形成ZnO种子层;制备的ZnO纳米棒阵列是纤锌矿结构;随着水浴时间的延长,ZnO纳米棒的长度逐渐增加.     

ZnO纳米晶体的同轴送氧激光制备及其特性

利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪以及X射线能谱仪等试验方法对同轴送氧CO2连续激光制备的ZnO纳米晶体的形貌、组成成分以及相结构进行了分析．研究结果表明：同轴送氧激光辐射能够制备梅花状纳米晶体、四足晶体、纳米盘、纳米线等不同的纳米晶体；在不同的激光参数作用下，能够产生纯度很高的结构和性质相同的ZnO纳米晶体；并且ZnO纳米线阵列沿着金属锌板厚度生长，保持着自然的生长方向，有利于氧化锌晶体的提取，从而建立了一种制备ZnO纳米晶体的方法。     

取向ZnO纳米线阵列的生长机理及发光特性

用化学气相沉积法制备了圾向纳米氧化锌（ZnO）阵列；用扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）观察了制备的纳米ZnO的形貌结构;用荧光光谱仪（PL）分析了样品的发光特性；以气-液-固（VLS）生长模型和Ehrlich-Schwoebel势垒理论解释讨论了ZnO纳米线的生长结构与机理。     

自催化脉冲激光沉积方法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列

采用脉冲激光沉积方法在ZnO作为缓冲层的InP（100）衬底上制备了高密度ZnO纳米棒阵列．扫描电子显微镜图像显示ZnO缓冲层形成较为均匀的岛状结构,ZnO纳米棒具有垂直于衬底的统一生长方向．X射线衍射测试在34．46°出现尖锐的衍射峰,说明ZnO纳米棒具有（002）择优取向．PL谱在380nm出现强的近带边发射峰,在495nm出现弱的深能级发射峰,表明ZnO纳米棒具有较好的光学性质．本实验制备的高质量ZnO纳米棒阵列有望在现在和未来的纳米器件制作中得到应用．     

ZnO纳米棒阵列的两步法制备及其在DSCs中的应用

采用溶胶凝胶法一水热法两步工艺法制备了ZnO纳米棒阵列,研究了溶胶凝胶法制备种晶层的形貌、晶体结构、透光性能和对水热法制备ZnO阵列的遗传性,以及基于ZnO阵列光阳极DSCs的光电性能。实验结果表明：种晶层沿（002）方向择优生长,颗粒大小在50～100nm之间,其透光率随厚度的增加呈下降趋势;基于种晶层生长的ZnO阵列很好的保持了种晶的尺寸大小和结晶取向,沿（002）方向垂直生长。由此阵列作为光阳极构成的DSCs的短路电流（JSC）和填充因子（FF）较低,分别为4．70mAYcm2和0．39,从而使得转换效率（η）只有1．18％,主要原因可能是ZnO与染料的结合太弱以及对染料的吸附量太低。     

化学水浴法制备柔性衬底的ZnO纳米棒阵列

利用化学水浴法在预先制备的聚酰亚胺(PI)/ZnO薄膜衬底上生长ZnO纳米棒阵列。通过X线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对ZnO纳米棒阵列进行表征。考察衬底的性质、反应溶液的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对ZnO纳米棒阵列的影响。结果表明:c轴取向生长的ZnO薄膜衬底有助于形成六棱柱形ZnO纳米棒晶体。水溶液环境中生长的ZnO纳米棒晶体长径比受到反应溶液浓度和温度的影响。ZnO生长初期c轴方向生长速度较快,经过一段时间后纳米棒的直径开始增大,并且能和周围的纳米棒晶体融合生长形成更大的纳米棒晶体。     

水热条件对棉织物上在位生长氧化锌晶体的影响

将棉织物经SiO2溶胶改性后，以硝酸锌（Zn（NO3）2）和六亚甲基四胺（CH2）6N4）为原料，通过低温水热法实现纳米氧化锌在纤维上的在位生长，利用紫外防护系数（UPF）表征整理后织物的紫外屏蔽性能，用X-射线衍射（XRD）和元素分析（ICP）等手段表征织物上ZnO晶体特性．     

表面Au改性增强ZnO光阳极性能实验设计

设计了一种新型的半导体光电化学性能实验,该光电化学系统是由ZnO纳米棒阵列光阳极、Pt对电极、饱和甘汞参比电极以及电解液构成.首先,运用水热法在氟掺杂氧化锡（FTO）导电基体材料上生长结构有序的ZnO纳米棒阵列,然后采用光沉积的方法在ZnO纳米棒表面沉积适量纳米Au颗粒得到Au/ZnO纳米棒阵列.通过扫描电子显微镜分析材料的微观形貌,利用紫外-可见光漫反射吸收光谱、光电化学和电化学阻抗谱等方法测试分析ZnO光电极材料的各项性能.证实了通过在ZnO阵列上负载合适浓度的Au颗粒会显著改善其光电响应,降低其界面电荷转移电阻.该实验不仅能培养本科生严谨的科学研究态度,而且能开发其创新潜能,提高其解决复杂工程问题的能力.     

ZnO纳米棒阵列的可控制备、改性及其光催化性能研究

通过一步电沉积法在不锈钢网基底上制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,然后采用水热法在ZnO纳米棒上包覆C,制得C/ZnO纳米复合结构。借助SEM、XRD、TEM、UV-Vis等对相关样品的形貌、结构、物相组成及光催化性能进行表征。结果表明,在沉积电压为-1.0 V的条件下所制备的ZnO纳米棒阵列具有长度适中、分布均匀及垂直取向的结构特点,纳米棒平均直径和长度分别为150 nm和1.35μm,在紫外光照射下其对亚甲基蓝的降解效率可达95.1%,催化稳定性良好;制得的C/ZnO纳米复合结构在可见光照射下对亚甲基蓝的降解效率相比ZnO纳米棒阵列有明显提升,并具有较高的催化稳定性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of