Electronic support for knowledge creation in a research institute

This paper focuses on the question how to build an electronic support environment for knowledge creation in a research institute （JAIST）. In order to assess the importance of diverse conditions of scientific creativity, we performed a survey in JAIST, and extracted useful knowledge from the database of survey results. Following the analysis of the theory of academic processes of knowledge creation and the survey findings in JAIST, a computer-based integrated system is proposed. In the aspect of the system design, we postulate that an electronic support environment for academic creativity can be achieved through a seamless integration with Internet, Application Server, Middle Ware, Database and Data Warehouse. The paper addresses issues of knowledge representation in the Electronic Support System for academic research, testing and evaluation issues and conclusions.     

Formation Principles of Similar Systems

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R&D知识溢出效应模型分析

分析了 R& D知识溢出效应 ,讨论了知识创新与模仿的旋进机制 ,指出要利用知识溢出效应 ,推动技术进步 ;要对知识的研究与开发给予政策优惠等 .最后 ,提出通过市场和政府两只手的作用实现经济帕累托最优 .     

基于层级成长单元结构算法的虚拟实践社区知识地图的构建

为了提高虚拟实践社区用户浏览和搜索知识对象的效率,促进社区内的知识共享,提出了一种虚拟实践社区知识地图构建方法.该方法首先改进了成长单元结构算法,利用层级成长单元结构算法对社区内的知识对象进行聚类,然后基于标签自组织映射算法自动确定出每一类所代表的主题,构造出层级知识地图.实验结果表明,所提出方法的聚类效果要优于凝聚层次聚类和增长层级自组织映射算法,能够在虚拟实践社区中构造出合理、有效的知识地图.     

KNOWLEDGE PROCESS ANALYSIS： FRAMEWORK AND EXPERIENCE

We present a step-by-step approach for constructing a framework for knowledge process analysis （KPA）. We intend to apply this framework to the analysis of own research projects in an exploratory way and elaborate it through the accumulation of case studies. This study is based on a methodology consisting of knowledge process modeling, primitives synthesis, and reflective verification. We describe details of the methodology and present the results of case studies： a novel methodology, a practical work guide, and a tool for KPA; insights for improving future research projects and education; and the integration of existing knowledge creation theories.     

基于三支决策的组织关联知识推送服务

面对知识体量的快速增长及其在价值创造中主体地位的逐渐成型,知识推送作为一项基础型知识服务方式,可以有效解决"知识迷向"问题,促进知识价值实现.在现有推荐技术的基础上,兼顾知识关联度的重要性、传统推送决策的二分性质以及推送成本问题,提出了一种基于三支决策的关联知识推送算法.采用关联规则算法挖掘并利用知识之间的潜在联系,构...     

Cross-Boundary Learning Systems—Integrating Universities,Corporations, and Governmental Institutions in Knowledge Generating Systems

This paper sets focus on the relationship between knowledge production in universities and its application in everyday life. The point of departure is the linear model of knowledge production placing the university in the dominating role. This position is challenged by taking on a systems perspective where learning takes place across tradition boundaries. Universities, corporations, and governmental institutions integrate in the same knowledge production chain, blurring the whole concept of understanding universities as the linking pin in knowledge creation.     

Knowing and Acting in Conditions of Uncertainty: A Complexity Perspective

As practitioners working with groups and organizations, we have reflected together on what we think is happening when we find ourselves acting into situations in which the intention motivating the action as its goal is itself emerging in the very action. Along with others, we have been excited by the ideas of self-organization in the natural sciences and also theories of practice, for example, tacit and explicit knowledge, in the social sciences. Together, these promise fresh insights into the potential of organizations. However, we find ourselves diverging significantly from writers who at first sight seem to be using similar ideas, but they do so with an exclusive focus on strategic choice and intention. To illustrate what we mean, we explore the work of Nonaka and Takeuchi and how they use Polanyi's idea of the participant observer. We do this to identify contradictions we see in their approach. We also discuss the implications of an alternative understanding of participation and what this indicates about what can and cannot be managed in the creation of new knowledge.     

MAN-MACHINE COLLABORATED KNOWLEDGE CREATION IN HWMSE

1 Introduction Science of complexity and complex systems is a relatively new area In wide fields from chemistry, biology, environment, geo-science, climatology to economics and sociology, complexity has been studied from diverse views and understandings Systems science, which could be traced back to Ludwig von Bertalanffy’foundational work on general system theory, plays an active role in complexity studies From system perspectives, relevant concepts often include interaction, feedback, evol…     

合作创新的领导权博弈与利益协调研究

研究了合作创新的权力结构对知识创造及创新绩效的作用机理.考虑上下游企业合作创新的知识共享、创造及利益分配过程,界定权力均衡(LS)、上游企业领导(UL)、下游企业领导(DL)等领导权博弈模型并进行创新效率分析.研究发现:权力结构影响合作创新效率,LS模式下企业的知识产出与供应链利润优于UL、DL模式;企业的知识溢出既可提高合作伙伴的知识产出与创新利润,也存在知识外溢损失风险,UL、DL模式下领导者(跟随者)知识溢出与其创新利润正(负)相关,LS模式下企业的知识溢出与其创新利润呈"倒U型"关系;创新贡献率是引起合作利益冲突的主要原因,使用Nash协商模型检验了通过协商机制解决利益协调问题的有效性,比较发现LS模式的利益协调效果优于UL、DL模式.最后,讨论了研究的管理启示.     

协同设计中人力资源、组织和知识管理的研究

从场景的角度分析了组织、成员、它们的知识和CSCW之间的关系和相互作用,强调了其重要性,提出一种基于角色的知识建模和管理的方法,最终实现了一个原型系统.该方法实现了对组织结构隐性知识的学习和团队与成员的知识管理,从而为协同设计中的知识管理和重用提供基础.     

知识进化策略

根据卡尔.波普尔的知识进化论原理,建立了知识进化策略的基本框架,并给出了一种用于求解无约束非线性优化问题的具体实现步骤。知识进化策略的核心思想,就是假说集与知识集的协同进化,二者之间通过猜测与反驳法联系起来,其进化结果最终逼近真理,即待求解问题的最优解。对12个经典测试函数进行性能仿真实验,结果表明该算法收敛速度有很大提高,并且在一定程度上抑制了早熟现象。     

硬件进化的递增式学习研究

提高硬件进化(EvolvableHardware,简称EHW)的在线自适应能力是EHW追求的重要目标。本文构造了一种基于知识的递增式学习模式,研究了一种面向EHW的自适应学习机制。在加快进化计算收敛速度的同时,利用进化过程中的数据分析,获得了进化方向的预测(知识),有效地排除了可能对系统产生危害行为的个体。对比实验表明,该学习机制比简单的达尔文式进化机制具有明显的优势。为EHW实现自适应目标提供了一种可行的解决思路。     

知识传播方法的系统探索

知识传播方法作为一个开放的系统,是一般意义的方法在知识传播活动中的具体体现。运用系统的动态原则分析知识传播方法,有三种主流的传播方法:点对点传播方法、点对面传播方法和点点交互传播方法。其中每一种主流的传播方法,都与一定历史时期社会发展水平相适应,都有其一定的功能,但也存在一些缺陷。     

组织知识屏蔽与知识延迟的复杂性--学习型组织的知识动力哲学初探

从知识动力学的角度，对组织中的知识屏蔽和知识延迟现象进行了复杂性分析。该理论框架对知识管理、知识创新和学习型组织的研究具有创新意义。     

基于本体论的团队虚拟知识流抽取模型研究

集成本体论与过程视图理论改进现有的模型,以iPhone的研发过程为依据定义了标记知识流与虚拟知识流,论证了两者的关系.根据iPhone研发过程中不同团队的实际任务,选取标记知识节点抽取虚拟知识流,建立了团队虚拟知识流抽取模型,阐述了模型的运行规则和步骤并以规划团队为例进行实证分析.研究结果表明:选取合理的标记知识节点形成虚拟知识流是组织满足不同任务团队知识需求的有效途径;借助虚拟知识流的抽取模型,组织可以直观地为不同职能的团队提供知识支持,说明不同团队的知识需求及工作相关知识信息的查阅顺序,使团队更具针对性地完成自身任务,以此提高组织的内部沟通效率和决策质量.研究为知识流动的过程分析提供了新的视角,也为相关领域的深入探索提供了有利的理论支持.     

基于Web的团队创新支持系统集成框架研究

知识创新是许多组织的重要竞争因素，现代组织越来越多地利用团队解决复杂的或者创新性的任务。然而，对于团队知识创新。目前普遍缺乏有力的创新支持手段。针对这样的问题，本文根据知识创新团队的工作过程，提出基于Web的团队创新支持系统(TCSS)的集成框架，分析系统的需求，设计团队创新支持系统的体系结构，并阐明系统的关键技术。     

KNOWLEDGE DISTANCE IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS

In this paper, we first introduce the concepts of knowledge closeness and knowledge distance for measuring the sameness and the difference among knowledge in an information system, respectively. The relationship between these two concepts is a strictly mutual complement relation. We then investigaie some important properties of knowledge distance and perform experimental analyses on two public data sets, which show the presented measure appears to be well suited to characterize the nature of knowledge in an information system. Finally, we establish the relationship between the knowledge distance and knowledge granulation, which shows that two variants of the knowledge distance can also be used to construct the knowledge granulation. These results will be helpful for studying uncertainty in information systems.     

空战决策知识构建方法研究

针对战训数据丰富, 数据背后空战决策知识贫乏的问题, 提出了一种空战决策知识构建方法。首先, 根据空战决策影响因素来分析决策知识的生成过程, 选择用产生式规则来表示空战决策知识。其次, 针对战训数据存在噪声数据干扰以及连续属性数据难以满足数据挖掘算法离散度量要求的问题, 应用了k-means聚类算法来检测离群点并使用最小描述长度准则算法将连续属性离散化。最后, 基于预处理后数据, 采用粗糙集提取空战最小决策规则知识, 通过构建模糊逻辑推理系统实现空战决策知识的推理与应用。仿真表明, 该方法能够有效地提取空战决策规则知识以及知识的推理与应用。