基于流体替换的地震波场数值模拟与分析技术*

提出了一套综合地质模型的精细建模方法、弹性波动方程叠前正演方法、叠前深度偏移方法、储层流体替换方法的地震波场数值模拟与分析技术,该技术首先采用多次循环计算与分析的地质模型建模方法,建立目标地震剖面准确的地质模型和参数模型;然后采用流体替换方法计算储层在各种流体饱和状态下的等效参数;并采用新的参数模型进行地震波场数值模拟,获得各种流体饱和状态下储层的地震反射波场特征。渤海某地区应用实例的结果表明,该技术不仅可以获得准确的油藏模型;而且可以有效地获得油、水层的地震响应特征,有效地指导后续的储层与油水识别,具有重要的理论和实际应用价值。     

少层Ti_3C_2T_x基复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

通过刻蚀Ti_3AlC_2前驱体制得少层Ti_3C_2T_x(DL-Ti_3C_2T_x),以二甲基亚砜为反应溶剂采用溶剂热法控制氧化DL-Ti_3C_2T_x制备了TiO_2/DL-Ti_3C_2T_x复合材料。借助XRD、SEM、TEM、Raman等对相关样品的物相结构及微观形貌进行表征,并通过罗丹明B的光降解实验评价了所制复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明,复合材料DL-Ti_3C_2T_x片层的表面形成了均匀致密的锐钛矿型TiO_2纳米颗粒,通过控制溶剂热温度能够调控复合材料中DL-Ti_3C_2T_x和TiO_2的相对含量,并且当溶剂热温度为100℃时,所制TiO_2/DL-Ti_3C_2T_x复合材料光催化性能最佳。     

Spontaneous transformation of C60Br24 to C60 in solvents

It was found that C₆₀Br₂₄ transforms to C₆₀ spontaneously in some solvents. The intermediate, C₆₀Br₈, can be separated in some cases. When the bromine trap, phenol, was added,p-bromophenol and other brominated product were obtained and identified. The influences of time, the kind of solvent, etc were investigated. Possible mechanism was suggested. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Liu Ying: born in 1969, Ph. D     

La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-xCuxO3的电输运特性

通过固相反应法制备不同掺杂浓度的La_0.7Ca_0.3Mn_1-xCu_xO₃（x=0~0.15）样品, 在77~300 K温度范围内测量了铜掺杂后样品电阻随温度的变化关系. 结果表明, 在未引入铜杂质时, 低温铁磁相的电阻率满足T^2.5关系, 顺磁相符合小极化子近邻跳跃模型; 在低掺杂下, 铁磁区可用T^4.5关系解释; 随着掺杂浓度的增加, 在铁磁区和顺磁区, 任何单一模型均与实验不相符, 表明高掺杂样品的电输运性质存在未知模型.      

Relationship between luminescence and matrices in the system A12O3-B2O3-Ce2O3

The system Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-Ce₂O₃, with Al/B ratio varying from 4.5 to 2 and Ce/(Al+B) = 0.02, has been prepared at the temperature from 1 200 to 1 400°C. Relationship between luminescence and matrices in the system Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-Ce₂O₃ was investigated. It was found that some changes of the matrices occurred with Al/B ratio varying from 4.5 to 2. These results lead to a great change in luminescence properties, indicating variation of Ce-surroundings of crystal field. With the decrease of the ratio from 3 to 2, the excitation and emission peaks shift to shorter wavelengths. It was also found that a new type of rare earth luminescent materials was obtained with appropriate Al/B ratio.     

PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3的高压合成

研究使用2种原料进行PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃的高压合成. 实验结果表明, 以PbO,ZrO₂和TiO₂(1:0.52∶0.48)为原料, 在1.5 GPa和3.6 GPa压力, 880~1 061 ℃条件下主要形成PbTiO₃, ZrO₂和Pb三相混合物, 仅在880 ℃附近有少量锆钛酸铅(PZT)相生成. 以Zr_0.52Ti_0.48O₂为B位先驱体, 与PbO混合后进行高压高温合成, 在1.5 GPa, 710~812 ℃条件下形成PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃相, 未发现PbTiO3相. 对高压高温（1.5 GPa, 812 ℃）合成的PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃样品进行变温拉曼测量, 在245 ℃时, 未发生结构相变; 在420 ℃时, 拉曼谱只有177.5,257.7,517 cm^-13个峰, 其结构由铁电相转变为立方顺电相, 因此高压合成的PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃居里温度在420 ℃以下.      

纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

TiO2微粉对Al2O3-MgO-Cr2O3浇注料性能的影响

马克思的市民社会决定国家理论的形成,经历了一个思想交锋、自我批判、绵延提升直至最终导出唯物史观之创建的逻辑进程。马克思立足于《莱茵报》时期的感性经历,先后运用哲学、历史学和政治经济学的方法和知识对黑格尔理性国家观进行系统的理论清算,纠正了黑格尔的市民社会与国家关系的“历史错位”,首次确立了“社会本体论”原则。市民社会决定国家理论的形成是标志着唯物史观开始诞生的第一命题。分析马克思市民社会决定国家理论的发展脉络和演进逻辑,有利于澄清马克思市民社会理论与唯物史观的内在关联,科学评价市民社会理论在历史唯物主义中的历史地位。     

高密度TeO2-Gd2O3-WO3闪烁玻璃颜色调控的研究

采用传统高温熔融法制备了不同玻璃组成的碲钆钨酸盐玻璃（TeO₂-Gd2O₃-WO₃），通过紫外—可见分光光度计研究了碲钆钨酸盐玻璃在分别固定Gd₂O₃浓度为10 mol%（xTeO₂-10Gd₂O₃-(90-x)WO₃）和20 mol%（yTeO₂-20Gd₂O₃-(80-x)WO₃）时，玻璃光学透过性随WO₃浓度和熔制温度的依赖关系，并借助光碱度理论进行了解释。结果表明，xTeO₂-10Gd₂O₃-(90-x)WO₃玻璃随着玻璃中WO₃浓度由0 mol%增加到60 mol%，碲钆钨酸盐玻璃的颜色由浅黄（低于20 mol%）逐渐变为深棕色（40 ~ 60 mol%）。另一方面，yTeO₂-20Gd₂O₃-(80-y)WO₃（y=40）玻璃随着玻璃熔制温度从1000 ℃升高到1200 ℃，碲钆钨酸盐玻璃的颜色从浅黄（低于1050 ℃），变为深棕色（1100 ℃）甚至黑色（1200 ℃）。这种颜色变化是由于随WO₃浓度升高，玻璃的光碱度单调增加，导致玻璃截止吸收边红移及玻璃光学透过率降低的共同作用效果。     

退火温度对Fe_(73.5)Co_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8合金带材磁性能的影响

用单辊法制备的宽为20 mm,厚为25μm的Fe_(73.5)Co_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8合金带材,绕制成外径为40 mm,内径为25 mm的环型磁芯,再将磁芯进行退火处理。分析了合金带材的晶化行为,研究了退火温度对合金磁芯磁性能的影响。结果表明,淬火态Fe_(73.5)Co_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8合金带材为非晶态,一级起始晶化温度T_(x1)为512.8℃,二级起始晶化温度T_(x2)为671.9℃,当退火温度升高到550℃,在非晶基体中析出Fe(Si)软磁相,形成了非晶和纳米晶双相共存结构。当退火温度低于550℃时,随着退火温度的升高,合金磁芯的初始磁导率μ_i和饱和磁感应强度Bs增大,矫顽力Hc减小;当测试频率f和最大磁感应强度Bm不变时,合金磁芯的有效幅值磁导率μ_a增大,比总损耗Ps和交流矫顽力Hc减小;当测试频率f不变时,合金磁芯的电感Ls和品质因数Q增大。     

(Nd1-xErx)3Fe27.31Ti1.69化合物的磁晶各向异性

用振动样品磁强计并结合X射线衍射准确判定了Nd_2.4Er_0.6Fe_27.31Ti_1.69化合物的磁晶各向异性方式, 研究结果发现, Nd_2.4Er_0.6Fe_27.31Ti_1.69化合物的磁晶各向异性从室温时的易面转变到低温时的易锥.     

TiO_2封装对铁基纳米晶磁芯软磁性能的影响

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,二乙醇胺为抑制剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2溶胶,再用浸渍提拉法在Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9纳米晶磁芯表面制备TiO_2涂层,研究了TiO_2封装对纳米晶磁芯软磁性能的影响。结果表明,与TiO_2封装前相比,TiO_2封装后纳米晶磁芯的初始磁导率μ_i、最大磁导率μ_m、饱和磁感应强度B_s、电感L_s、品质因数Q和感应电动势E减小;剩磁B_r、磁滞损耗P_u和矫顽力H_c增大。     

Structural and microstructural transformations in Bi2Sr2Ca1 −xYxCu2O8 + y system

Conclusions With the substitution of Y for Ca in BSCYCO system, both the hole concentration and structure parameters change. The superconductor-nonsuperconductor transition at x_c = 0.4 is more sensitive to the structure transformation than the variation in the hole concentration. Microanalysis reveals an inhomogeneous substitution of Y for Ca. So a much sharper drop of T, is expected at transition point by ideal monophase samples of BSCYCO. A ratio of lattice constants c / o. 5 (a + b) is found to be a very good parameter of describing the SC-AF transition of ISCYCO, reflecting the degree of the localization of Cu-3d electrons on the CuOz plane.     

中温SOFC阴极材料La0.7Sr0.3Co1-xCuxO3-δ的制备及性能

采用固相反应法制备了La_0.7Sr_0.3Co_1-xCu_xO_3-δ系列中温固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）阴极材料粉体.对其进行晶体结构表征,高温电导率和热膨胀曲线测试,并选取其中性能较好的样品进行了单电池实验.结果表明,Cu的掺杂降低了（La,Sr）CoO La₃体系阴极材料的热膨胀系数,在x=0.05时电导率略高于未掺Cu的样品.以La_0.7Sr_0.3Co_0.95Cu _0.05O _3-δ为阴极、Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9为电解质组成的SOFC单电池,在850℃最大短路电流密度达511mA/cm²,最大输出功率密度约为0.106W/cm².     

Structure and multiferroic properties of Y-doped BiFeO3 ceramics

Bismuth ferrite, BiFeO₃, is an important multiferroic material, which simultaneously exhibits ferroelectric ordering and antifer-romagnetic ordering in bulk form. Samples of Bi_1-xY_xFeO₃ (x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) were prepared by conventional solid state reaction. By X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering spectra, the crystal structures of the samples were identified as rhombo-hedral with R3c space group, in addition to a second phase at x≥0.05. Multiferroic properties of the samples were also measured. With the increasing of Y content, the relative dielectric constants of the samples increased gradually, while the loss tangents firstly decreased and then began to increase. Meanwhile, the saturation magnetization values were significantly enhanced, namely 0.1440, 0.7468, 1.9217, 3.3309 and 6.2774 emu/g at 300 K for x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20, respectively.     

相对论性量子场反常维度与动量空间维度——纪念爱因斯坦《相对论》诞生百周年

 量子场中的奇异性(发散困难)被量子场反常维度C_B(g_R,e_R)与D=D₀-ε(D₀=4)中ε参数所控制,C_B(g_R,e_R)与ε可以相互替换.C_B(g_R)(QCD)的渐进自由被实验√S=30~1 800 GeV所证实.强相互作用的电荷依赖为C_B(g_R,±)=C_B(g_R,0)[1+be_R/g_R]²(b≤1).非线性相互作用改变了量子场的维度与量子场的拓扑不变性.     

The formation and stability of Si1-x C x alloys in Si implanted with carbon ions

Si_1-xC_x alloys of carbon (C) concentration between 0.6%—1.0% were grown in Si by ion implantation and high temperature annealing. The formation of Si_1-xC_x alloys under different ion doses and their stability during annealing were studied. If the implanted dose was less than that for amorphizing Si crystals, the implanted C atoms would like to combine with defects produced during implantation and it was difficult to form Si_1-xC_x alloys after being annealed at 850℃. With the increment of implanted C ion doses, the lattice damage increased and it was easier to form Si_1-xC_x alloys. But the lattice strain would become saturate and only part of implanted carbon atoms would occupy the substitutional positions to form Si_1-xC_x alloys as the implanted carbon dose increased to a certain degree. Once Si_1-xC_x alloys were formed, they were stable at 950℃, but part of their strain would release as the annealing temperature increased to 1 000℃. Stability of the alloys became worse with the increment of carbon concentration in the alloys.     

三价铁离子掺杂对钛酸锂结构和化学性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备Li4-x/3FexTi5-2x/3O12(x=0,0.03,0.06,0.09)粉体活性材料,并优化了最佳掺杂量为x=0.03。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、恒流充放电测试对材料进行结构、形貌及电化学性能表征。结果表明:掺杂适量的铁离子不会改变钛酸锂的尖晶石结构和形貌。1C时,Li3.99Fe0.03Ti4.98O12首次放电比容量为145.40 m A·h/g;纯相的首次放电比容量仅为116.95 m A·h/g。     

CeO2(111)表面的氧物种对Au的活化吸附

采用第一性原理的经过库仑力修正的密度泛函方法,研究了CeO_2(111)表面不同氧空穴附近形成的不同的活性O_2物种.在此基础上,研究这些O_2物种对Au原子的吸附能力,得到过氧O_2-2对Au吸附能为1.8eV,吸附较强;超氧O-2对Au的吸附能为0.4eV,吸附较弱.研究结果为Au/CeO_2催化CO氧化提供了重要理论思路.     

纳米Al2O3颗粒对Cu-Al2O3性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,通过粉末冶金法制备氧化铝铜（Cu-Al₂O₃）。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度仪和涡流计分别测试了Cu-Al₂O₃的结合能、微观组织、硬度和导电率。结果表明：随Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数达到0.084%时,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值75.73（HRB）。Cu-Al₂O₃的导电率随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加逐渐下降。Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数为0.084%时为最佳值,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值,导电率达到69.1% IACS。