具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

磁性药物微球的药物释放规律及磁定向规律研究

磁性药物微球的组成直接影响其药物释放速度。当微球中固化白蛋白含量接近时,药物含量越高,微球的通透性越好;药物含量相同时,固化白蛋白含量越高,药物的通透性越差。磁性药物微球的水悬浮液通过外磁场时的定位量随着介质流速的减小、外磁场的增强和微球中Fe_3O_4含量的增加而增加。增加分散介质粘度时,微球的定位量减小。     

考虑轮盖结构及间隙的风机优化设计

风机是传统行业的主要耗能原件.对风机进行优化设计,提升风机的静压效率对于节能环保具有重要的意义.迄今为止风机的优化设计更多聚焦叶轮结构,对于轮盖结构及间隙对风机性能影响的研究却很少.为提高一款工业离心式风机气动性能,通过实验和数值模拟的方法研究了轮盖结构与间隙以及前安装角对风机性能的影响,并对其进行了优化设计.首先,对...     

坡肩位置及深度对边坡稳定性的影响

利用有限元极限平衡法,从坡体形态(坡比、坡高、上部坡体坡比)出发,分析其对裂缝深度、裂缝最易产生位置、坡体安全系数的影响。当坡体上部水平、坡比一定时,随着坡高的增加,坡体的坡肩裂缝深度逐渐增加,坡体安全系数逐渐减小;坡高一定时,坡比越大,坡肩裂缝深度越小,坡体安全系数越小。当坡体上部倾斜、坡高一定时,坡体上部越缓,坡肩裂缝深度越小,坡肩裂缝的最易开裂位置越靠近坡背,坡体安全系数越大;上部坡体坡比一定时,坡体越高,坡肩裂缝深度越大,坡肩裂缝的最易开裂位置距坡缘的距离越远,坡体安全系数越小。     

球体水中垂直移动做功的数学模型

主要研究球体水中垂直移动的做功问题。根据均匀质球体的密度与水密度之间的数量关系,给出了3种情况并分别进行讨论,建立球体水中垂直移动做功的数学模型,得出了不同密度球体出水或入水做功与球的密度之间的函数关系。当球的密度与水的密度相同时,其出水做功与水的密度成比例关系;当球的密度小于水的密度时,所做的功只与水密度有关,并且其出水做功与入水做功相等。与当球的密度大于水的密度时,用2种方法进行分析,得出的结果相同,即所做的功与水密度球密度都有关。通过分析,归纳出3种情况下提球出水做功的不同表达式的分段函数,求出球下沉的平衡位置的方程,得到压球入水做功的表达式以及压球与提球做功相互比较的结果。     

采空区赋存状态对邻域边坡稳定性的影响分析

为分析采空区赋存状态对边坡稳定性的影响,针对云南省镇雄县头屯村因煤矿地下采空区引起滑坡的实际案例,结合正交试验设计和MIDAS GTS/NX数值模型,基于敏感性分析思想,分析边坡应力场、位移场及其有效塑性区分布规律,研究采空区采深、采空区高度、采空区跨度和采空区距离边坡的水平距离4个因素3种水平的影响敏感性。研究表明：采空区采深因素是影响采空区稳定的重要因素,其次是采空区距边坡的水平距离、采空区跨度,影响最小的是采空区的高度因素。依据采空区形态及赋存状态要素的权重大小,利用多元线性回归方程,得出采空区对邻域边坡影响的极限状态方程,该研究成果可为矿山边坡稳定性分析及煤矿安全开采提供借鉴。     

泥石流最大淤积厚度影响因素

淤埋是泥石流对工程设施主要的危害方式之一,为研究泥石流体容重、堆积坡度、黏粒矿物含量等因素对泥石流淤积厚度的影响,通过水槽堆积试验的方法研究了不同泥石流体容重、不同固体物质中黏土矿物含量、不同沟道坡度对淤积厚度的影响。结果表明:(1)同一容重下,随着堆积坡度的增大,淤积厚度呈现减小趋势,且在小坡度范围内,流体容重越大,淤积厚度越大,但当坡度超过一定值后,淤积厚度与容重关系在相同坡度条件下区分不明显;(2)同一坡度下,随着泥石流体容重的增大,淤积厚度呈现增大趋势,且容重越大,淤积厚度增加速率愈大;(3)同等条件下,随着泥石流体中黏粒含量的增大,淤积厚度呈现增大趋势,但在较低(20%)黏粒含量情况下,淤积厚度随黏粒含量增大速率较小,当黏粒含量增大到一定值后(20%)淤积厚度随黏粒含量的增大速率增大;(4)通过文献资料数据验证和误差原因分析,本成果具有一定的准确性和可用性。     

边坡植被的护坡效应探讨

 边坡植被借助根系使边坡土体成为土与根的复合材料,从而明显提高了边坡土体的抗剪强度和安全稳定性,具有稳定土壤结构,提高土壤抗冲性,防治土壤侵蚀的作用;并且边坡植被地上部分的树冠、茎叶和枯枝落叶具有截留降雨和减弱高速落下的雨滴对边坡溅蚀的功能。但由于岩土介质的多变性和边坡植被受力的复杂性,目前的研究仍然停留在定性分析上。通过对边坡植被固土的力学相互作用和护坡效应的研究,探讨了边坡植被摩擦型根系和锚固型根系对边坡岩土体的力学作用机理,分析了边坡植被改善土壤环境,提高边坡的抗冲性,截留降雨,减弱雨滴溅蚀的效应。     

时变阶梯形杆件纵向自振频率的理论研究

基于阶梯形杆件粗细两端长度的时变特征,导出了杆件纵向自振频率的时变方程,给出了阶梯形杆件在不同细粗端截面面积比值下第一阶、第二阶自振频率的时变曲线.研究表明:1)第一阶频率随细端长度的增加呈抛物线变化,当粗细两段长度相等时第一阶频率最大;2)第二阶自振频率随细端长度的增加,呈现以等截面直杆的第二阶固有频率为均值的正弦曲线变化规律,当粗细两段长度相等时二阶频率最低;3)细粗两端截面面积比值越大,阶梯形杆件的第一阶、第二阶频率越低,并趋近于等截面直杆相应的固有频率.     

基于碳排放约束的山东省沿海城镇带能源发展多目标优化决策

 针对能源发展中的高能耗问题和碳排放问题,以山东省沿海城镇带为研究区域,将二氧化碳排放因子纳入能源消费结构优化之中,采用多目标规划的方法构建了以碳排放成本最小、能源消费产生的污染物治理费用最小为目标函数,以经济发展规划、能源消费总量、能源消费结构及碳排放量为约束函数的山东省沿海城镇带能源消费结构多目标优化模型。研究区2035年的能源发展多目标优化结果为：煤炭消费量占能源消费总数下降为36%;油类能源消费量占能源消费总数的17%;天然气消费量占能源消费总数的25%;清洁能源占能源消费总数的比例提高到22%,各项指标均满足山东省能源消费的多个目标和约束。同时,针对山东省沿海城镇带低碳情景下的未来发展,提出了加快能源供给侧和能源消费侧的结构性改革、实施清洁能源和电能替代等建议,以加快转变高耗能生产方式,促进经济结构优化升级,实现节能减排、低碳环保的可持续发展。     

窄深槽高速缓进给磨削温度的试验

为了研究窄深槽结构类零件磨削温度的变化趋势及影响因素,采用电镀CBN砂轮对AISI 1045钢工件进行了高速深切缓进给磨削试验并利用热电偶采集温度分布数据;分析了窄深槽磨削过程中磨削温度的变化趋势以及砂轮线速度、工件进给速度、磨削深度对窄深槽底部、圆角位置、槽侧面位置温度分布的影响。试验结果表明: 窄深槽磨削区温升主要来源于材料塑性变形功的增加,同时磨削温度会由于塑性变形功的突变效应产生波动;缓进给磨削中磨削温度随砂轮线速度的增加而降低,而随工件进给速度和磨削深度的增大,磨削温度均升高,其中工件进给速度对磨削温度起主要作用,磨削切深对其影响次之,砂轮线速度的影响最小。