固体酸H_2SO_4-SiO_2催化制备9,9-双(4-羟苯基)芴的应用研究

以9-芴酮和苯酚为原料,首次采用固体酸H_2SO_4-SiO_2(简称:固体酸)为催化剂合成9,9-双(4-羟苯基)芴(简称:双酚芴).用熔点、IR和1H-NMR对双酚芴的结构进行了表征.对反应温度、原料摩尔比、催化剂用量进行了优化.结果显示当温度45℃,反应时间3.5 h,原料摩尔比n(9-芴酮)∶n(苯酚)=1∶6,固体酸催化剂的量占原料总质量8%,助催化剂β-巯基丙酸的量占原料总质量0.5%时,双酚芴的产率为96.05%,纯度为99.7%,苯酚的回收率为90%.     

四苯基对苯二酚双磷酸酯的合成与应用研究

用三氯氧磷与苯酚反应制得磷酸三苯酯（TPP）,再由TPP与对苯二酚反应制得四苯基对苯二酚双磷酸酯．采用单因素法分别对物料比、反应温度、催化剂进行讨论,确定了适宜的工艺条件：磷酸三苯酯（TPP）与对苯二酚物质的量之比为2．1：1,第一步反应温度为130～140℃,反应时间为0．5h;第二步反应温度为160～170℃,反应时间为0．5h;催化剂为无水三氯化铝,产品收率达92％．产品经红外光谱验证,与四苯基对苯二酚双磷酸酯的特征峰完全一致;通过热重分析表明产品耐热性能良好;且经过技术质量指标检测,产品的外观、酸值、粘度、磷含量等技术质量指标均达到国外同类产品标准．     

3,6-位不对称二取代咔唑衍生物的合成研究

以咔唑为主要合成原料,通过N-烷基化、付克酰基化、硝化以及付克烷基化等反应合成了两个结构新颖的3,6-位不对称二取代咔唑衍生物.探讨了原料摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度及反应时间等因素对反应的影响,得到最佳反应条件:(1)傅克酰基化反应:n(N-乙基咔唑)∶n(三氯化铝)∶n(乙酰氯)=1∶1.2∶1.5,反应温度室温,反应时间4 h,产品收率82%;(2)硝化反应:n(N-乙基咔唑)∶n(65%硝酸)=1∶1.15,反应温度5~10℃,反应时间2 h,产品收率89%;(3)傅克烷基化反应:n(3-乙酰基-N-乙基咔唑)∶n(氯化锌)∶n(叔丁基氯)=1∶1.5∶1.5,反应温度室温,反应时间12 h,产品收率64%.所得产品结构经FTIR1、H NMR1、3C NMR、及MS表征.     

纳米材料插层原位聚合腰果壳油甲酚醛树脂

用纳米材料和交联剂对腰果壳油甲酚醛树脂改性,合成出一种高性能的刹车片用的胶粘剂基料,确定了最佳配料比和合成工艺为:n(对甲酚)∶n(腰果壳油)∶n(交联剂)∶n(甲醛)∶n(纳米材料)=1.00∶0.15∶0.15∶0.85∶0.10,X(催化剂)=0.7%,反应时间为5.0 h,反应温度为70~140℃。合成产品用FTIR、UV、TG检测,结果表明目标产品韧性好、强度高、耐热性好。     

磷钨杂多酸催化剂催化合成双酚AP的研究

应用磷钨杂多酸催化剂对催化合成双酚AP进行了研究 .结果表明 :主催化剂的用量、助催化剂的用量、酚酮摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等是影响产品收率主要因素 ;使用磷钨杂多酸催化剂 ,双酚AP的单程收率可达 5 4.5 % .制备双酚AP的最佳工艺条件为 :酚酮摩尔比 5∶1,反应温度 12 0℃ ,主催化剂用量 6 % ,助催化剂用量 0 .15mL ,反应时间 4h .     

紫外光固化松节油聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的合成

为降低聚氨酯涂料的生产成本,提高市场竞争力,采用松节油聚酯二元醇(TP)、甲苯二异腈酸酯(TDI)、丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)合成了可紫外光(UV)固化的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA).研究反应温度、摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂用量对产物合成的影响,并用红外光谱对产品进行表征,考察紫外光固化涂料固化涂膜的铅笔硬度、附着力、耐冲击性、耐候性等性能.结果表明,适宜的工艺条件:原料配比为n(HPA):n(TDI):n(TP)=1.2:1:0.5;第1步反应温度30～35℃,反应时间2.5～3 h,催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBL)的用量为物料总质量的0.8%,第2步反应温度65～70℃,反应时间2.5～3 h,DBL的用量为物料总质量的0.6%.制得的松节油聚氨酯丙烯酸酯固化涂膜性能良好,能够达到使用要求.     

MnO_2-CuO-CeO_2复合催化剂的制备及处理化工集装罐清洗废水的应用

针对非均相贵重金属催化剂成本高,非均相过渡金属催化剂性能良好、成本低,但使用寿命短、易流失的特点,研制高效复合MnO2-Cu O-CeO2非均相过渡金属催化剂.采用正交实验对催化剂制备过程中的n(Cu)∶n(Mn)、Ce的摩尔分数、焙烧温度、焙烧时间进行探讨,确定最佳制备条件,并对其结构和组成通过扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射分析及热重分析进行表征.用该催化剂催化氧化模拟苯酚废水,对催化剂用量、氧化剂H2O2用量、反应温度、反应时间进行优化,确定最佳反应条件并利用其进行降解化工集装罐清洗废水的应用研究.研究表明催化剂MnO2-Cu O-CeO2的最佳制备条件为:n(Cu)∶n(Mn)=4∶6、Ce的摩尔分数为10%、焙烧温度为600,℃、焙烧时间为4,h.催化氧化法处理苯酚废水的最佳工艺参数:催化剂用量0.8,g/L、H2O2用量与COD比值为3、反应温度170,℃、反应时间1,h.化工集装罐清洗废水COD去除效果显著,COD去除率达到95%左右.     

N-邻苯甲酸基对甲苯磺酰胺的合成

以对甲苯磺酰氯(TSC)和邻氨基苯甲酸(ATRA)为原料,吡啶为溶剂,乙醇钠作催化剂,合成N-邻苯甲酸基对甲苯磺酰胺,采用正交实验设计探讨了投料比、温度、催化剂用量、反应时间对合成反应的影响.最佳的工艺条件是:原料摩尔比n(TSC)∶n(ATRA)=1∶0.6;反应温度35℃;反应时间4 h;催化剂用量为1 g,产品收率大于25%.     

熔融酯交换法合成氢化双酚A型聚碳酸酯

以氢化双酚A为反应单体,通过与碳酸二苯酯熔融酯交换成功合成了氢化双酚A型聚碳酸酯,并考察了催化剂的种类及其浓度、单体配比、酯交换时间、缩聚温度等工艺条件对产品分子量、分子结构、热性能及外观等的影响。结果表明,氢化双酚A因二级醇的弱碱特性,在酯交换反应中难以解离成亲核试剂,导致其反应活性较双酚A低;与其他碱金属盐或碱土金属盐催化剂相比较,LiCl具有较高的催化活性。当催化剂摩尔分数为0.01%,碳酸二苯酯和氢化双酚A的物质的量之比为1.01∶1,且酯交换反应时间为2 h,缩聚温度为250℃时,合成的氢化双酚A型聚碳酸酯的数均分子量(M_n)可达1.12×10~4,玻璃化转变温度为160℃,且色泽优异。     

基于均匀设计的生物柴油最优制备工艺参数研究

以均匀设计法安排试验,对大豆油在酯交换反应下制备生物柴油的工艺进行了研究.为获得最优制备工艺参数,考查了n(醇)∶n(油)(3∶1～8∶1)、催化剂质量分数(0.4%～1.4%)、反应温度为(45～70℃)、反应时间(40～140min)及其交互作用对生物柴油产率和原料转化率的影响.结果表明:n(醇)∶n(油)、催化剂用量可显著地影响生物柴油的产率和原料转化率.同时甲醇与反应温度、催化剂与反应时间之间存在对抗效应,而甲醇与反应时间、催化剂与反应温度、反应温度与反应时间之间则存在协同作用.利用回归分析和BP神经网络,确定最优工艺参数为:n(醇)∶n(油)=6∶1;催化剂质量分数1.0%;反应温度45℃;反应时间30min.经液相色谱仪测定,生物柴油产率高达97.6%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to