Superhard nano-multilayers and nanocomposite coatings

This paper reviews the recent development of nano-multilayers and nanocomposite coatings. The hardening mechanisms and design of hard coating are discussed in details. Recent research on Ti/TiN and nitride/nitride multilayer, Ti-Si-N and Ti-Al-Si-N nanocomposite coatings is described, and the perspectives of the related research are proposed.     

Self-assembly of mesoscopically ordered chromatic polydiacetylene/silica nanocomposites

Nature abounds with intricate composite architectures composed of hard and soft materials synergistically intertwined to provide both useful functionality and mechanical integrity. Recent synthetic efforts to mimic such natural designs have focused on nanocomposites, prepared mainly by slow procedures like monomer or polymer infiltration of inorganic nanostructures or sequential deposition. Here we report the self-assembly of conjugated polymer/silica nanocomposite films with hexagonal, cubic or lamellar mesoscopic order using polymerizable amphiphilic diacetylene molecules as both structure-directing agents and monomers. The self-assembly procedure is rapid and incorporates the organic monomers uniformly within a highly ordered, inorganic environment. Polymerization results in polydiacetylene/silica nanocomposites that are optically transparent and mechanically robust. Compared to ordered diacetylene-containing films prepared as Langmuir monolayers or by Langmuir-Blodgett deposition, the nanostructured inorganic host alters the diacetylene polymerization behaviour, and the resulting nanocomposite exhibits unusual chromatic changes in response to thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli. The inorganic framework serves to protect, stabilize, and orient the polymer, and to mediate its function. The nanocomposite architecture also provides sufficient mechanical integrity to enable integration into devices and microsystems.     

纳米复合材料研究进展

针对聚合物基纳米复合材料的某些热点和重点问题进行了总结和评述, 并讨论了碳纳米管、石墨烯及纳米增强界面等以增强为主的纳米复合材料的研究状况和存在的问题; 系统地评述了纳米纸复合材料、光电纳米功能复合材料以及纳米智能复合材料等以改善功能为主的纳米功能复合材料的研究动态.     

Al2O3基纳米复相陶瓷的研究进展

从纳米复相陶瓷的研究，发展及增韧增强的机理出发，论述了Al2O3基纳米复相陶瓷的研究进展，同时阐述了有关的增韧机理，并提出了纳米金属间化合物增韧Al2O3陶瓷的良好前景。     

有机硅-无机硅纳米复合物的制备及结构表征

利用溶胶-凝胶法原位制备有机硅-无机硅纳米复合物,采用XRD和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对其进行结构分析,利用透射电子显微镜表征了有机硅-无机硅纳米复合物的形貌,全量程界面张力测量仪测定了α-烯烃烷基磺酸盐与有机硅-无机硅纳米复合物的复配体系与大庆油水体系的油水动态界面张力.结果表明:该方法制备的有机硅-无机硅纳米复合物颗粒大小在40nm以下;有机硅-无机硅纳米复合物与α-烯烃烷基磺酸盐复配体系,能使大庆油田油水体系的油水界面张力降低至10-4mN/m数量级.     

Chemical,mechanical, and thermal expansion properties of a carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum nanocomposite

In the present study, the chemical and mechanical properties and the thermal expansion of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based crystalline nano-aluminum (nano Al) composite were reported. The properties of nanocomposites were tailored by incorporating CNTs into the nano Al matrix using a physical mixing method. The elastic moduli and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the nanocomposites were also estimated to understand the effects of CNT reinforcement in the Al matrix. Microstructural characterization of the nanocomposite reveals that the CNTs are dispersed and embedded in the Al matrix. The experimental results indicate that the incorporation of CNTs into the nano Al matrix results in the increase in hardness and elastic modulus along with a concomitant decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion. The hardness and elastic modulus of the nanocomposite increase by 21% and 20%, respectively, upon CNT addition. The CTE of CNT/Al nanocomposite decreases to 70% compared with that of nano Al.     

Si掺杂TiSiN涂层的结构特征及力学性能

通过射频磁控溅射在单晶硅(111)和硬质合金衬底上制备Si掺杂的TiSiN纳米复合涂层。采用双靶溅射技术,保持Ti靶功率不变,改变Si靶的功率以获得Si含量不同的TiSiN纳米复合涂层。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和显微硬度计表征TiSiN涂层的结构、成分、形貌和硬度。研究结果表明,Si靶溅射功率对TiSiN涂层的结构和力学性能影响较大。随着Si靶溅射功率的增加,TiN晶粒特征峰由(111)向(200)转变,在20 W的Si靶溅射功率下(111)面取向最优。涂层厚度随着功率的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势。Si以非晶相Si_3N_4的形式存在;随着Si含量的增加表面晶粒得到细化,在20 W的Si靶溅射功率下,涂层晶体生长致密光滑,涂层硬度高达2 600 HV。     

聚合物/层状粘土纳米复合材料的制备、结构与性能

聚合物／层状粘土纳米复合材料是近十几年的研究热点。与传统颗粒增强或纤维增强聚合物基复合材料相比，含有2％～5％质量分数的粘土就使复合材料的模量和热变形温度显著提高，强度提高，并具有良好的阻燃性、防气体透过性以及电、磁、光学方面的特性，同时保持了聚合物材料质轻、透明和良好的流动性。介绍了聚合物／层状粘土纳米复合材料的制备方法、结构和性能，认为今后聚合物／层状粘土纳米复合材料在众多领域将会有可观的应用前景。     

磁性纳米复合纤维及磁性纸的制备与性能研究

以云杉纤维为原料,采用原位复合方法制备纤维素/磁性纳米复合纤维。用X-射线衍射、FTIR、SEM、AFM对样品的结构进行表征,用SQUID测定样品的磁性能。结果表明,磁性粒子在云杉纤维上以表面复合为主,腔内复合较少,其晶体类型主要为-Fe2O3,粒径为20～100nm;磁性测定显示样品具有超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度Ms为14.7emu/g纤维。以不同方式将复合纤维添加到抄纸系统,制备了多层复合及磁性纳米复合纤维呈取向分布的磁性纸。与单独用磁性纤维抄造的纸相比,将磁性纤维与植物纤维配抄或抄造成多层复合纸后,纸页白度提高,强度性能显著改善,并具有较好的磁性能。     

Review of the fatigue behavior of hard coating–ductile substrate systems

Withthewideapplicationofcoatingmaterialsinaerospaceandotherfields,theirsafetyunderfatigueconditionsinserviceis im-portant.However,research on the fatigue properties of ceramic hard coatings started late,and a unified standard is yet to be established to eval-uate the fatigue life of hard coating–ductile substrate systems.Studies also present different opinions on whether coatings can improve or re-duce the fatigue life of substrates.In this paper,the influence of the properties of ceramic coatings on fatigue performance is reviewed,and the effects of coating on the mechanism of fatigue crack initiation in substrates are discussed,aiming to help readers understand the fatigue behavi-or of hard coating–ductile substrate systems.     

Preparation and characterizat ion of polypropylene/silica composite particl e with interpenetrating network via hot emulsion sol–gel approach

A novel interpenetrating structural ultrafine polypropylene-silica nanocomposite particles were synthesized by a modified sol–gel approach in the presence of the melt polypropylene emulsion. A series of samples with different polypropylene content was prepared to investigate the unique characteristics of this original nanocomposite. The thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the nanocomposites had the interpenetrating structure and good thermal stability,and the crystallization behavior of polypropylene was confined by the silica matrix. The interpenetrating structure of nanocomposites was also suggested by the nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurement results. The scanning electronic microscope and transmission electron microscopy images indicated that the nanocomposites had irregular particle morphology. The nanoparticle tracking analysis results show that the mean size of the nanocomposites was around 160 nm. According to the results obtained from different measurements,a reasonable formation mechanism was proposed.     

填充补强剂在橡胶基质中分散状态的研究

将透射电子显微镜 (TEM)与扫描电子显微镜 (SEM )结合在一起, 系统观察了氧化锌、碳酸钙、陶土、粘土、炭黑、白炭黑等填料在丁苯橡胶中的分散状态,也考察了粘土 /橡胶纳米复合材料中粘土晶层的分散情况。发现各种填充补强剂在橡胶中均存在着几种层次的分散结构,混炼过程会进一步粉碎粒子,粉碎程度的大小依赖于分散相的内聚强度和结构特征。直接混炼也会造成粘土晶层一定程度的剥离,从而在基质中产生一些纳米尺度的分散质。大多数纳米复合材料包括原位聚合制备的纳米复合材料中,分散相都存在着一定程度的聚集体,不可能达到理想的均匀的分散,含量越高,聚集体数目越多。分散相的界定依赖现有仪器的分辨率。据此,也重新给出了纳米复合材料的定义:只要在某一分辨率下,分散相粒子的尺寸至少应有一维≤100nm,同时其质量分数或体积分数应达到 80 %以上。并认为炭黑和白炭黑增强的橡胶均属于纳米复合材料。     

聚合物基纳米复合材料的制备方法及其性能

聚合物基纳米复合材料PNC以其宏观复合材料无法替代的优势日益获得学术界和企业界的青睐。材料在纳米尺度上的复合，将产生高性能化和功能化。这里着重分析和讨论了聚合物基纳米复合材料的制备方法以及材料的优异性能。     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料制备方法及性能的研究进展

聚合物 /层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料因其优异的性能是目前材料科学研究的热点。本文介绍了层状硅酸盐的结构、聚合物 /层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的类型及微观结构 ,重点介绍了聚合物 /层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料制备方法及性能的研究进展 ,指出需根据不同的聚合物 ,寻求经济可行的制备方法     

SBS/蒙脱土纳米复合材料插层结构影响因素和力学性能

为提高苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(SBS)的性能,采用溶液混合方法制备了SBS/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料(NC).对影响NC插层结构的因素:混合条件、OMMT种类和含量、线型和星型结构SBS等进行了研究.XRD测试结果表明:存在一最佳混合时间和最佳OMMT含量;SBS在不同种类OMMT中插层效果明显不同,星型SBS更容易插层,制备的NC具有插层型结构.力学性能研究表明,添加OMMT对于所有复合材料均产生增强效果,其中以SBS4303/OMMT-DK1B NC最为明显,拉伸强度提高1倍多,并且断裂伸长率显著增加.表明OMMT具有增强和提高SBS弹性的双重作用.应力-应变曲线、300%定伸强度均从不同角度证实了OMMT的增强效果,但SBS/OMMT NC永久变形增大.     

聚酰亚胺/硅石-钛酸钡纳米复合材料的制备与表征

通过分散聚合法成功地制备了聚酰亚胺/硅石-钛酸钡纳米复合粒子,采用FT-IR、XRD、TEM分析手段研究了复合粒子的结构、形貌及其大小.结果表明,硅石包覆钛酸钡粒子的表面有一层浅色的聚合物,该聚合物包覆层的厚度约为10 nm,并且粒子在外观上基本呈球形或近似球形;同时在包覆过程中BaTiO3纳米粒子的晶体结构稳定,有机相与无机相之间是通过化学键键连.     

Effects of annealing temperature on the microstructure and hardness of TiAlSiN hard coatings

TiAlSiN hard coatings were synthesized on high-speed steel using an arc ion enhanced magnetic sputtering hybrid system.The microstructure and hardness of the coatings at different annealing temperatures were explored by means of XRD,TEM,EDAX and Vickers indentation.The as-deposited TiAlSiN coatings were confirmed to be amorphous due to high depositing rate and low deposition temperature during the film growth.The transformation from amorphous to nanocomposites of nano-crystallites and amorphousness were observed after the annealing treatment,the microstructure of TiAlSiN coatings annealed at 800°C and 1000°C were consisted of crystalline hcp-AlN,fcc-TiN and amorphous phase,however,the coatings were only consisted of fcc-TiN and amorphous phase when annealing at 1100°C and 1200°C.Meanwhile,the formation of Al2O3 was detected on the coating surface after annealing at 1200°C and it indicated the excellent oxidation resistance of the TiAlSiN coatings under the present experimental conditions.Furthermore,the average grain size of the TiAlSiN coatings after high temperature annealing even at 1200°C was less than 30 nm and the size increased with the increasing temperature.However,the hardness of the so-deposited coatings with HV0.2N=3300 dramatically decreased with the increase of temperature and reached nearly to the hardness of TiN coatings with HV0.2N=2300.     

Structure design of gradient hard coatings on YG8 and their residual stress analysis by ANSYS

A structure of gradient hard coatings ( Ti, TiN, TiCN and TiAlN) is designed, and residual stress is simulated by a finite element method with ANSYS.The influence of the realistic situation including load and temperature on the residual stress of the coatings is investigated.Simulated re-sults show that the realistic situation strongly affects the residual stress.To be specific, i) The main residual stress concentrates on the coatings prepared on YG8 substrate, and the residual stress and its gradient of the coatings are bigger than that of the substrate; ii) TiAlN and TiCN coatings have better resistance compression than that of TiN coatings in the same condition; iii ) The improved multilayer structure of the gradient hard coatings produces weaker residual stress but higher anti-pressure of the substrate.     

Effect of CNTs and nano ZnO on physical and mechanical properties of polyaniline composites applicable in energy devices

Polyaniline was synthesized chemically in an acidic medium in the presence of Ammonium Peroxydisulphate (APS) as an oxidizing agent. PANI(Polyaniline) nanocomposites were prepared in the presence of various amount of carbon nanotube and zinc oxide (from 1 to 5 wt%) by solution casting method. The free-standing film of polyaniline and its nanocomposites were obtained by vaporization of solvent content. The composition, morphology and structure of the polymer and the nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image and XRD pattern. In addition, thermal stability was studied by TGA analysis, electrical conductivity was measured by four-point probe technique and mechanical properties were studied by tensile strength test. The characteristic FTIR peaks of PANI were found to shift to lower wave number in nanocomposites due to the formation of H-bonding. XRD results revealed that the crystallinity of PANI was more noticeable after addition of nano-ZnO, while the intensity of the peaks increased by the addition of ZnO nanoparticles. Furthermore, TGA results showed that the decomposition of the nanocomposite was less than that of pure polyaniline which confirms the successful fabrication of products. Young''s modulus and strength at break point were increased in the case of the nanocomposite, in addition, the electrical conductivity of the PANI/ZnO nanocomposite film was found to be smaller than that of the PANI film while CNTs increase the conductivity of polyaniline.     

一步法制备有序排列的珠丝状纤维复合物

基于电纺丝和电喷雾技术的原理相似性,该文联合使用这2种技术来一步获得珠丝状的纤维复合物。通过使聚乙烯醇溶液和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液分别从对喷电纺丝装置的两个喷丝头以电纺丝和电喷雾的模式进行喷射,获得纳米纤维和微米颗粒,纤维与颗粒相互碰撞结合从而得到表面带有颗粒的纤维复合物。结果表明:电喷雾得到的颗粒较均匀地附着于电纺丝纤维表面,复合纤维束经过旋转收集装置的牵引可以呈现良好的单方向有序排列;通过改变电喷雾的喷射介质的质量分数可以改变复合纤维的形貌;当提高溶液的质量分数使得射流的喷射模式由电喷雾转变为电纺丝时,纤维复合物的珠丝状结构将被消除,并且使得纤维束的排列有序度变差。