熔融还原型熔渣对Al2O3—C—ZrO2系耐火材料的侵蚀

在实验室内模拟熔融还原铁浴式熔渣，采用静态与旋转法研究了高铝质耐火材料及其配加石墨碳与ＺｒＯ２耐火材料的抗渣蚀能力变化，用ｘ射线衍射及波谱分析方法分析了侵蚀的特点，主要因素及其与耐火材料在侵蚀过程中微观结构变化的相互关系。结果表明，配加适量的石墨碳与ＺｒＯ２均可改善耐火材料的结构及抗渣蚀的能力，渣的氧化性是影响侵蚀速度的重要因素之一。     

（NH_4）_2SO_4－ZrO_2体系的热分散性质

用红外光谱和Ｘ射线光电子能谱对研磨法制得的（ＮＨ＿４）＿２ＳＯ＿４－ＺｒＯ＿２样品进行了表征，并将表征结果与其催化性能关联。结果表明，热处理时存在着（ＮＨ＿４）＿２ＳＯ＿４在ＺｒＯ＿２表面的自发分散过程，同时形成Ｓ─Ｚｒ配合物，且随着处理温度的升高，配合物含量逐步增大，５７３Ｋ时达极大值，催化反应活性最大；超过５７３Ｋ时，表面Ｓ─Ｚｒ配合物逐渐分解，催化反应活性也相应地降低．     

Mg_2SiO_4/C材料显微结构及其抗侵蚀性研究

以锆英砂和电熔镁砂为原料，合成ＺｒＯ_２增韧的镁橄榄石材料，进而加入 鳞片状石墨，得到Ｍｇ_２ＳｉＯ_４／Ｃ（－ＺｒＯ_２）－Ｃ复合材料。用扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射仪、 差热、红外光谱等手段研究了该材料的显微结构和矿物组成。表明该材料具 有优异的高温强度、抗侵蚀性和热震稳定性，是一种新型耐火材料。     

Sialon结合SiC耐火材料的高温碱侵蚀行为

研究了采用新工艺合成的低成本Ｓｉａｌｏｎ结合ＳｉＣ耐火材料在９００℃和１３００℃时的碱侵蚀动力学及碱侵蚀机理，研究发现，Ｓｉａｌｏｎ／ＳｉＣ耐火材料在１３００℃时的吸碱量低于９００℃时的吸碱量。这归结于在１３００℃时沉积碳部分地还原了Ｋ＿２Ｏ，从而阻碍了碱对Ｓｉａｌｏｎ／ＳｉＣ耐火材料的侵蚀。Ｓｉａｌｏｎ／ＳｉＣ耐火材料耐碱侵蚀能力高于Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４／ＳｉＣ耐火材料。     

活性a-Al_2O_3微粉对刚玉-尖晶石钢包浇注料性能的影响

研究了活性ａ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３微粉对刚玉－尖晶石浇注料性能的影响。试验结果表明，活性ａ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３微粉能促进烧结，通过与水泥、尖晶石及渣反应，改善基质结构，使浇注料强度和抗渣渗透能力提高。活性ａ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３微粉加入量为６％时，浇注料抗渣侵蚀性能最好。但微粉的加入，会降低浇注料爆裂温度。     

ZrO_2－TiO_2多孔陶瓷膜的制备研究

以Ｔｉ（ＯＣ４Ｈ９）４和Ｚｒ（ＮＯ３）４·５Ｈ２Ｏ为前驱物，用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ方法制备ＺｒＯ２－ＴｉＯ２多孔陶瓷膜，研究了不同Ｚｒ／Ｔｉ比和浓度对ＺｒＯ２－ＴｉＯ２干ｇｅｌ的影响．研究了不同Ｚｒ／Ｔｉ比和烧结过程对ＺｒＯ２－ＴｉＯ２多孔陶瓷膜结构的影响．制备出了孔径小（约１８ｎｍ）、孔径分布很窄、孔隙率较高（约３６％）、面积较大的ＺｒＯ２－ＴｉＯ２多孔陶瓷膜     

（苯膦酸－磷酸氢）锆－氯化铁复合物催化F－C烷基化反应研究

首次制得（苯膦酸—磷酸氢）锆－氯化铁复合物Ｚｒ（Ｏ＿３ＰＣ＿６Ｈ＿５）（ＨＰＯ＿４）（Ｈ＿２Ｏ）＿０．３５［ＦｅＣｌ＿２（ＯＨ）］＿０．６５该复合物在空气中稳定、不易吸潮、不冒烟，对于卤代烷与芳香烃在液相的Ｆ－Ｃ烷基化反应有较好的催化活性。反应的优点是：反应条件温和，收率高，操作方便，后处理简单，催化剂重复使用性好。     

流态化化学气相淀积制备Al_2O_3－SnO_2复合粒子的研究

利用流态化化学气相淀积（ＣＶＤ）制备Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＳｎＯ＿２复合粒子。探讨了ＳｎＯ＿２在Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３超细颗粒上的包敷状态，考察了反应温度、反应物进料浓度比、反应时间等对反应结果的影响。结果表明，ＳｎＯ＿２在复合粒子团聚体体相中呈均匀分布，形成Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＳｎＯ＿２复合粒子，ＳｎＯ＿２均匀淀积在Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３超细颗粒原生粒子表面，流态化ＣＶＤ包敷效果优于非流化过程；随反应时间的延长，产物中ＳｎＯ＿２含量线性递增；而当反应温度高于３００℃，反应物Ｈ＿２Ｏ和ＳｎＣｌ＿４配比大于４：１时，ＳｎＯ＿２含量基本保持不变。     

ZrO_2－SO_4~（2－）型固体酸催化剂性质研究

在不同温度下处理了（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４－ＺｒＯ２，所得样品用红外光谱（ＩＲ）、ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）以及ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）进行了表征。结果表明：在５７３Ｋ以下处理（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４－ＺｒＯ２时，存在着（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４在ＺｒＯ２表面上自发分散的现象和一定程度的分解。分散中或分散后，游离的ＳＯ与表面Ｚｒ作用并转化为双齿键合状态，由此形成表面Ｓ－Ｚｒ配合物。ＮＨ３可以使表面Ｓ－Ｚｒ配合物分解，将双齿键合状态的ＳＯ转换回游离状态。在５７３Ｋ以上，随着处理温度的升高，表面Ｓ－Ｚｒ配合物逐步分解。     

TiO_2含量对Al_2O_3-C质耐火材料性能的影响

碳复合耐火材料是现今耐火材料的发展方向之一,因为引入石墨,使材料具有较高的强度和良好的抗渣侵蚀性能,但碳本身在高温下易被氧化,这一特点限制了其使用寿命的进一步提高。以不同粒度的刚玉和石墨为骨料,以金属Si粉、Al粉和SiC微粉为抗氧化剂,以酚醛树脂为结合剂,研究不同含量的TiO2对Al2O3-C质耐火材料性能的影响。结果表明,随着TiO2含量的增加,Al2O3-C质耐火材料的耐压强度提高,其显气孔率和体积密度的变化不大;一定含量的TiO2有助于提高Al2O3-C质耐火材料的高温强度和抗氧化性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.