糖化酶在黄酒酿造中的应用探讨

本文主要以正交试验法对糖化酶在黄酒酿造中的影响因素进行了综合定量研究，并对成品酒进行了理化分析和综合评价。研究结果表明，糖化酶作用的最佳条件为：加酶量０．０２％；加酶时间为投料４８小时后；酶作用的最适温度为３２℃，酶作用的最适ＰＨ值为ＰＨ＝４．６。在此条件下，主发酵期缩短２－３天，后发酵期缩短１０－６０天，同时，出酒率有明显提高，高达９２．０７％，是传统的３．１－４．６倍。     

泸型大曲中根霉固态发酵产糖化酶条件研究

对泸型大曲中根霉菌株固态发酵产糖化酶的条件进行了研究。以糖化酶活力为评价指标,设计单因素实验,研究培养基水分含量、培养时间、培养温度对根霉产糖化酶的影响,在此基础上,利用Box-Benhnken Design的方法,对根霉菌株固态发酵产糖化酶的条件进行优化,结果显示泸型大曲中根霉菌株固态发酵产糖化酶的优化条件为培养温度29℃,培养基水分含量53%,培养时间164h,糖化酶的酶活力为2 194.44 U/g。     

稳定提高糖化酶生产酶活力的研究

对糖化酶在工业生产中影响酶活力的几个主要因素进行了试验研究，获得培养基最适浓度为２０．２５％，准确控制发酵培养基的标准体积、浓度及其适宜通风量（前期控制在１：０．４０～０．４７，中期为１：０．５５～０．６５，后期为１：０．５～０．５５）是糖化酶生产中稳产高产的关键技术措施。结果表明：采取该措施提高酶活力４７．３２％，经济效益显著。     

黄浆水与木薯粉混合发酵高浓度乙醇的发酵条件

以黄浆水与木薯粉混合同步糖化发酵高浓度乙醇,应用Plackett—Burman设计对底物浓度、尿素、糖化酶、液化酶、MgSOa、pH值、CaCl2、KH2PO4,8个因素进行2水平12次试验,研究发酵的最佳条件。结果发现,底物浓度、尿素、糖化酶和KH。PO。的添加量是影响发酵的重要因素,最佳发酵条件是底物浓度38％、尿素0．15％、糖化酶1．45AGU／g、KH2PO4 0．07％。在最佳发酵条件下,乙醇浓度达到17．21％（v／v）。     

红曲霉固态发酵产糖化酶及酸性蛋白酶条件的优化

从8株红曲霉中筛选出红曲霉MQ7作为高产糖化酶和酸性蛋白酶的供试菌株,采用固态发酵方法测定在不同发酵温度、底物料液比、大米和麸皮比例条件下的产酶情况.利用正交实验优化固态发酵产酶过程,确定该菌株产酶最佳发酵条件为:发酵温度30,℃,底物料液比(g∶mL)20∶25,大米麸皮比例(g∶g)17∶3.在此条件下,糖化酶活力达1,641.69,U/g,酸性蛋白酶活力达151.09,U/g.同时研究了NaCl含量对红曲霉酶活力的抑制作用,当NaCl质量分数达到18.92%时,红曲霉MQ7产糖化酶活力下降64.8%,酸性蛋白酶活力下降85.6%.     

内孢霉酵母糖化酶产酶条件及酶学特性的研究

本研究对Ｅｎｄｏｍｙｃｏｐｓｉｓｆｉｂｕｌｉｇｅｒａ（内孢霉酵母）糖化酶发酵进行培养基的选择，并对产酶时间、接种量、装量和初始ｐＨ值诸因素进行探讨，获得最佳产酶条件．该糖化酶以可溶性淀粉为底物，最适ｐＨ为５．２，最适温度４０℃；在５０℃以下较稳定，有较宽的ｐＨ稳定范围（ｐＨ３．０－７．０）；米氏常数Ｋｍ＝１２．８４ｍｇ·ｍｌ－１．     

浓香型白酒酒糟微生物分离及发酵试验

为了弄清浓香型白酒酒糟微生物以及发酵能力,通过平板分离得到酵母8株、细菌3株和霉菌4株.将各菌株通过糖发酵试验测定,发现均有产酒精能力.分别将其制曲后测定糖化酶活力、蛋白酶活力、液化酶活力.然后筛选出10株酶活力高的菌株,接种到按比例配好的5种粮食上混合发酵,以15株混合发酵为对照,混合发酵后测定产酒率.结果表明:筛选出的10株微生物混合发酵的产酒率为10%,较之15株混合发酵的产酒率15%低.就本实验在浓香型白酒发酵过程中,菌株在15株以上为宜.     

一种酿造粟米黄酒的新工艺

以粟米为原料,以一定比例的红曲、糖化酶、酒药和活性干酵母为糖化发酵剂,在喂饭时加入活性干酵母,酿制成了具有典型红曲风味的粟米黄酒．试验结果发酵,其发酵力强,能使糖化、发酵均衡进行,能有效抑制酸败现象,用活性干酵母和糖化酶可使减曲达到５０％．还对粟米浸渍做了研究,得出最佳浸米时间为３ｈ,且浸渍温度越高,吸水率越高．     

重组草酸青霉生淀粉糖化酶的酶学特性鉴定

【目的】了解在毕赤酵母中表达的来源于草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)GXU20的重组生淀粉糖化酶的酶学特性。【方法】用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法测定pH值、温度、金属离子和化学试剂对纯化的重组生淀粉糖化酶的活力的影响,同时测定酶的底物特异性、酶对生淀粉的吸附能力以及酶对不同生淀粉的水解效率等,用高效液相色谱法对该酶水解生木薯淀粉的产物进行分析鉴定,用扫描电子显微镜观察重组酶对不同生淀粉颗粒的水解方式。【结果】重组生淀粉糖化酶rPoGA15A的最适pH值为4.5,最适温度为65℃,在pH值为2.0~10.0时,重组酶具有较好的pH耐受性,温度小于50℃时,酶的稳定性好。除Ag~+、Cu~(2+)和SDS之外,其他大部分金属离子和化学试剂对重组酶的酶活力影响不大。重组生淀粉糖化酶对大米和玉米生淀粉的活性较高,对木薯和马铃薯生淀粉的活性次之,重组生淀粉糖化酶rPoGA15A对不同生淀粉的吸附能力与其对相应不同生淀粉的水解活性大小呈正相关。扫描电子显微镜观察表明重组生淀粉糖化酶对不同生淀粉颗粒的降解作用明显,水解方式各有特点。高效液相色谱分析表明该重组生淀粉糖化酶水解生木薯淀粉的产物仅有葡萄糖。重组生淀粉糖化酶rPoGA15A在40℃下对大米和玉米生淀粉水解72h后水解率分别达到86.5%和71.9%。【结论】重组生淀粉糖化酶具有广泛的pH耐受性,对生淀粉具有高水解活性,在生淀粉的水解和生料同步糖化发酵生产酒精中有一定的应用潜力。     

利用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵生产糖化酶的上游工艺研究

糖化酶-α-1,4-葡萄糖水解酶(α-1,4-Glucan glucohydrolace),又称葡萄糖淀粉酶[Glucoamylase,(EC.3.2.1.3.)],此酶作用于淀粉分子的非还原性末端,以葡萄糖为单位,依次作用于淀粉分子中的α-1,4-糖苷键,生成葡萄糖。此酶作用于支链淀粉后的产物有葡萄糖和带有α-1,6-糖苷键的寡糖;作用于直链淀粉后的产物几乎全部是葡萄糖。本产品广泛用于生产白酒、黄酒、酒精、啤酒;用于以葡萄糖作发酵培养基的各种抗生素、有机酸、氨基酸、维生素的发酵;本品还大量用于生产各种规格的葡萄糖。总之,凡对淀粉、糊精必需进行酶水解的工业上,都可适用。糖化酶产生菌主要是黑曲霉(左美曲霉、泡盛曲霉)、根霉(雪白根酶、德氏根霉)、拟内孢霉、红曲霉等经深层发酵提炼而成,本文介绍的是利用枯草芽孢菌杆发酵来生产糖化酶的基本上游工艺过程。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with