罗平煤矿勘探复杂地层组构分析

罗平煤矿勘探地层复杂,钻遇的岩层主要有泥岩、页岩和煤层,利用XRD和SEM技术对该区地层岩心进行微观组构分析。结果表明,该地层伊蒙混层含量高,易引起孔壁不均质膨胀而坍塌;颗粒间接触呈泥质重胶结,岩层微孔隙发育,且易溶残余物多,极易受孔内流体介质侵蚀造成孔壁坍塌。根据以上特点并结合钻井液与孔隙流体之间的驱动原理,研究提出了三种钻井液体系,通过室内性能测试与防塌试验,以及现场应用的实际效果证明,上述三种钻井液体系适用于罗平煤矿地质勘探。     

延长油田牛平7井钻井液技术

牛平7井所在区块地层结构复杂,钻井液技术难度大。为确保该井顺利施工,针对不同井段地层岩性,使用了低固相聚合物封堵防塌钻井液体系和低固相润滑防塌钻井液体系,辅以相应的钻井液维护处理工艺和固控设备,解决了上部地层易发生漏失、安定组和直罗组易坍塌掉块、煤层段紧邻目的层易垮塌等难题,达到了优快钻井的目的,为该区块以后的钻井液施工提供了经验。     

致密油开发水平井段页岩坍塌周期的确定

鄂尔多斯盆地致密油资源丰富,具有很大的开发潜力,但长庆油田A井区在页岩油长水平段钻进时井壁失稳问题突出。现有的水平井防塌技术重点关注钻井液体系优化问题,无法给出页岩的坍塌周期。本井区页岩的主导坍塌机制是钻井液滤液沿天然微裂缝渗入地层,引起黏土矿物水化,导致岩石强度降低。考虑化学势变化和流体流动与骨架变形的耦合作用以及岩石吸水扩散过程和强度弱化规律,建立致密页岩井壁坍塌周期分析模型。结果表明:活度较低、膜效率较高的钻井液可以有效抑制地层孔隙压力增长;封堵性强的钻井液可以降低地层水含量的增长,减缓地层岩石强度的弱化;A井区使用密度为1.3 g/cm3的细分散聚合物钻井液体系和复合盐钻井液体系钻进水平段时井眼坍塌周期分别为4.5和9 d,而使用油基钻井液体系时相同密度下浸泡10 d井眼扩大率仅为4%,油基钻井液体系效果最好,坍塌周期大于10 d。     

苏里格气田盒8段砂泥互层地层坍塌机理与防塌对策

针对苏里格气田水平井钻探中二叠系地层,尤其是石盒子组盒8段砂泥互层地层存在着严重的井壁坍塌导致的划眼、卡钻、电测遇阻卡、固井留塞等问题,采用X射线衍射、电镜扫描、阳离子交换容量测试、电动电位分析等实验手段,对苏里格气田盒8段泥页岩样的组构及理化特性进行系统分析。弄清了该地区复杂地层井壁坍塌机理,提出了"三元协同"防塌钻井液原理,进一步研制出了苏里格气田石盒子组盒8段砂泥互层地层特性的低固相"强化封堵"防塌钻井液体系。     

南堡油田防塌钻井液技术研究

本文详细介绍了南堡油田的基本地质条件。并且在室内实验研究的基础上,首先初步确定了适用于南堡油田的两种防塌钻井液体系——氯化钾-聚合醇钻井液淡水体系和氯化钾-聚合醇钻井液海水体系,并进行了钻井液抗温性、抑制性及滤失性的评价。实验结果表明,这两种体系均具有良好的抑制性和润滑防塌性能,配伍性好,可有效地抑制地层坍塌,从而起到保持井壁稳定的作用,适用于现场应用。     

加蓬G 区块破碎地层井壁失稳机制与钻井液技术对策

 加蓬G区块是中石化海外重点勘探开发区块,LPC和ANG复杂地层钻井施工中出现了严重的井壁失稳问题。通过破碎地层的泥页岩岩心表观特征分析、泥页岩钻屑清水浸泡试验、泥页岩黏土矿物分析和泥页岩滚动回收试验得出,以伊/蒙混层和伊利石为主的黏土矿物组分和微裂隙发育特征是加蓬G区块破碎地层井壁失稳的外在物质条件;钻井液滤液沿裂隙和微裂隙进入地层深部,使黏土矿物水化膨胀,使井壁失去平衡,是导致坍塌掉块的内在原因。制定了钻井液密度应力防塌、屏蔽封堵防塌、优质钻井液体系配方等综合防塌技术措施,在加蓬G区块进行了现场试验,G-9井和G-10井2口井LPC和ANG地层的平均井径扩大率分别降低到11.6%和12.1%,井身质量较邻井有显著的提高,取得了良好的井壁稳定效果。     

青海祁连木里地区天然气水合物钻探钻井液应用分析研究

青海祁连山南缘木里地区天然气水合物矿区,由于地层松散、破碎,应力较大,在钻进过程中极易发生孔壁失稳现象,同时由于地层中的岩盐矿物和地层裂隙水矿化度较高,侵入钻井液后性能容易发生变化,无法有效满足护壁要求,为此采用类似模拟法、正交实验等方法,现场优化钻井液配方,解决了SK-1孔孔壁松散坍落以及埋钻现象。优化后的钻井液配方为:5%粘土+5%IIIZC-1无荧光防塌剂+0.1%K31防塌剂+4%SMC(磺化褐煤)+14%BaSO_4+0.6%KCI+2.5%SMP(磺化酚醛树脂)+2.5%ZC-40(石墨粉)+0.25%XC(黄原胶)。     

强抑制性多元醇海水钻井液研究及应用

胜利浅海埕岛油田沙河街组地层粘土含量高,粘土组成以伊/蒙混层和伊利石为主,地层水敏性较弱,微裂缝及层理较发育.钻井液及滤液沿层理和微裂缝渗入地层内部,引起硬脆性泥页岩剥落坍塌.针对沙河街组地层特点,研制出一种强抑制性多元醇海水钻井液体系,并对其进行了性能评价及防塌机理分析.室内试验结果表明,该钻井液体系具有较好的抑制性能和流变性,抗海水和劣质土污染的能力较强,环境可接受性好.现场实践证明,该钻井液性能稳定,维护处理简单,能有效解决沙河街组地层钻进中出现的技术难题,避免复杂情况的发生.     

强抑制性多元醇海水钻井液研究及应用

胜利浅海埕岛油田沙河街组地层粘土含量高，粘土组成以伊像混层和伊利石为主，地层水敏性较弱，微裂缝及层理较发育。钻井液及滤液沿层理和微裂缝渗入地层内部，引起硬脆性泥页岩剥落坍塌。针对沙河街组地层特点，研制出一种强抑制性多元醇海水钻井液体系，并对其进行了性能评价及防塌机理分析。室内试验结果表明，该钻井液体系具有较好的抑制性能和流变性，抗海水和劣质土污染的能力较强，环境可接受性好。现场实践证明，该钻井液性能稳定，维护处理简单，能有效解决沙河街组地层钻进中出现的技术难题，避免复杂情况的发生。     

碎屑岩侧钻井泥岩防塌钻井液体系实验研究

针对塔河油田碎屑岩侧钻井在储层上覆泥岩盖层段坍塌掉块、井径扩大,造成封隔器坐封失效的问题,论文结合地层宏观特性及微观结构进行分析,明确了碎屑岩复杂泥岩段的井壁坍塌机理,提出了以抑制为核心的钻井液防塌体系对策,进而通过开展室内实验研究,形成了具有强抑制封堵、低失水和良好润滑携岩性能的钻井液体系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with