Г—环的反单本原根

研究本原亚直不可约Г－环，证明本原亚直不可约Г－环类是特殊类，此类决定的上根称为反单本原根，建立了Г－环Ｍ、Ｍ的右算子环Ｒ及矩阵ГＮＭ－环Ｍｍｎ的反单本原根之间的关系。     

分次根NG（R）和δG（R）的刻划

对一般Ｍｏｎｏｉｄ分次环Ｒ（未必有１）,给出了其分次素根ＮＧ（Ｒ）和分次Ｂｒｏｗｎ－ＭｃＣｏｙ根的元素特征刻划。     

正规反单ГN—环

对ГＮ－环（Ｍ,Г）,建立了ГＮ－环Ｍ,Ｍ－环Г及Ｍ２＝〔＾ＲＭ＾ГＬ〕的正规反单根之间的关系。     

Г—环的正规根

对Г－环引进了正规根，证明了它是特殊根，建立了Г－环Ｍ，Ｍ的右算子环Ｒ＝〔Г，Ｍ〕，矩阵Гｎ，ｍ－环Ｍｍ，ｎ，Ｍ－环Г及环Ｍ２＝〔Ｒ Г Ｍ Ｌ〕的正规根之间的关系。     

拟环的一个根

本文对任意的拟环Ｎ定义了一个根，记作Ｒ（Ｎ）．当Ｎ为零对称，特别地，当Ｎ为环时，Ｒ（Ｎ）＝Ｎ．我们证明：Ｒ是一个Ｋｕｒｏｓｈ－Ａｍｉｔｓｕｒ根；Ｒ（Ｎ）是Ｎ的一个ｓ－素理想；若Ｉ　Ｎ，则Ｒ（Ｉ）２　Ｒ（Ｎ）∩Ｉ　Ｒ（Ｉ）以及这个根一些其它性质     

环上矩阵的Drazin逆

设Ｒ是一交换环,Ａ∈Ｍｎ（Ｒ）,定义Ａ的指数和Ｄｒａｚｉｎ逆Ａ＾Ｄ,假设Ａｋ＝ＰＢＱ,ｋ＝ｉｎｄ（Ａ）,其中Ｐ,Ｂ,Ｑ∈Ｍｎ（Ｒ）,存在Ｐ’,Ｑ’∈Ｍｎ（Ｒ）,使得Ｐ‘ＰＢ＝Ｂ＝ＢＱＱ’若Ｂ有群逆,则Ａ有Ｄｒａｚｉｎ逆当且仅当ＢＢ＾＃ＱＡＰＢ＋Ｉ－ＢＢ＾＃可能,此时有Ａ＾Ｄ＝ＰＢ（ＢＢ＾＃ＱＡＰＢ＋Ｉ－ＢＢ＾＃）＾－１Ｑ。     

零正规NCD─环的诣零根

本文给出零正规ＮＣＤ－环Ｒ的诣零根ｎ（Ｒ）的定义，完成了“零正规ＮＣＤ－环Ｒ的诣零根ｎ（Ｒ）是Ｒ的最大理想及ｎ（Ｒ）是使商环Ｒ／ｎ（Ｒ）无非零诣零理想的最小理想”的证明。     

Г－环的反单本原根

研究本原亚直不可约г－环，证明本原亚直不可约г－环类是特殊类，此类决定的上根称为反单本原根，建立了г－环Ｍ、Ｍ的右算子环Ｒ及矩阵гｍｎ－环Ｍｍｎ的反单本原根之间的关系。     

Excellent扩张与Smach积

设Ｒ是有单位元的环，Ｓ是Ｒ的Ｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔ扩张，Ｇ是有限群且｜Ｇ｜￣（－１）∈Ｒ．证明了Ｒ是右余半遗传环（ＱＦ－３环，ＧＶ－环）当且仅当Ｓ是右余半遗传环（ＱＦ－３环，ＧＶ－环），也当且仅当Ｓｍａｃｈ积Ｒ＃Ｇ是右余半遗传环（ＱＦ－３环，ＧＶ－环）．     

关于Olson和Jenkins定义的根类

ＤｗｉｇｈｔＭ．Ｏｌｓｏｎ和ＴｅｒｒｙＬ．Ｊｅｎｋｉｎｓ［４］定义了由任意环类确定的一种根类（Ｍ）．一个环Ｒ∈（Ｍ）当且仅当Ｒ的每一个非零同态象或者包含一个非零Ｍ理想或者有本质理想．他们提出两个需要进一步讨论的问题．对于一个同态闭环类Ｍ，（Ｍ）和由Ｍ生成的低根类（Ｍ）有什么关系？对于一个正则环类Ｍ，是否有环类Ｎ使得上根（Ｍ）＝（Ｎ）？本文将对这两个问题给出回答并讨论这种根类簇的性质．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that