过氧化氢降解结合超滤后处理制备壳寡糖的研究

过氧化氢降解与超滤结合制备壳寡糖,工艺简单可行,产品平均相对分子质量小而分布窄。试验确定过氧化氢对壳聚糖降解的最适反应条件为:温度(T)=75℃,时间(t)=3 h,壳聚糖和过氧化氢用量比(n)=1:1,pH=3.6。降解产品经过超滤处理后可以获得收率为42%、平均相对分子质量在1 000左右的优质壳寡糖产品。     

过氧化氢氧化降解壳聚糖的可控性研究

壳聚糖能被过氧化氢氧化降解得到低分子量壳聚糖,所得产物分子量分布随平均分子量的下降而逐渐变窄。其降解速度和产物特性受原料脱乙酰度,反应介质、Ｈ２Ｏ２用量、温度和反应时间的影响。脱乙酰度越高的壳聚糖,降解反应越容易进行。     

低聚壳聚糖制备及产物的膜分离技术研究

利用乙酸一过氧化氢体系,在均相和酸性条件下降解壳聚糖,考察了反应温度、乙酸浓度和过氧化氢浓度对氧化降解反应的影响．用正交试验确定了最佳制备工艺条件：反应温度70℃,乙酸浓度1％,过氧化氢浓度3％,反应时间10h．对降解产物利用超滤膜分离技术进行后处理,获得平均分子量在10000以上、5000～10000和5000以下3个不同分子量分布段的低聚壳聚糖产物．低聚壳聚糖5000—10000分子量分布段平均分子量为7300左右,最终产率为37％．     

γ射线辐照降解壳聚糖的研究

采用γ射线辐照分子量为４５０ｋｄ天然壳聚糖溶液,分析了辐照强度及辐照时间与降解产物粘均分子量,还原糖分子及分子量均一性之间的关系,并通过分级得到了若干平均分子量的低聚壳聚糖,结果表明,降解产物粘均分子量及还原糖分子量随着辐照强度及辐照时间的增加而减小,并且降解产物分子量的均一程度随着辐照剂量的提高而提高。     

H2O2氧化降解壳聚糖的动力学

为制备分子量分布较窄的可溶性低分子量壳聚糖，研究了简单均相体系下双氧水降解壳聚糖的过程与机理，考察了温度、双氧水浓度和时间对降解反应的影响，实验结果显示均相条件下壳聚糖的氧化降解符合无规降解动力学规律．同一降解体系中，同一反应时刻下，水解产物的分子量的倒数与反应温度成正比．     

壳聚糖降解方法研究进展

低分子量壳聚糖具有优良的生理活性和药用价值,可以通过降解天然高分子壳聚糖来生产低分子量壳聚糖.降解方法主要包括化学法、物理法和生物酶法等.     

糙皮侧耳菌丝与子实体壳聚糖的提取与理化特征的比较

报道了从糙皮侧耳子实体、菌丝提取壳聚糖的方法,用红外光谱对所提取的样品进行鉴定和结构分析,并通过改良线性滴定法测定壳聚糖的氨基含量和抑菌效果的研究,比较了二者在理化性质和功能上的差异.发现两种壳聚糖在红外光谱图中酰胺I吸收峰在1649.50—1588.05cm-1范围内位置有区别;子实体偏低频,菌丝偏高频.壳聚糖氨基含量分别为6.78%和5.11%,两种壳聚糖对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)的抑菌效果明显不同.用纤维素酶对其进行降解比较,结果表明:纤维素酶对以子实体制备的壳聚糖降解效果最为明显,而糙皮侧耳菌丝制备的壳聚糖不为纤维素酶所降解.     

微波水热法降解壳聚糖的研究

在H_2O_2和α-淀粉酶存在的条件下,使用微波水热法,在低浓度醋酸溶液中快速降解壳聚糖。研究了醋酸浓度、H_2O_2和α-淀粉酶用量以及微波水热时间对壳聚糖降解的影响,并利用FTIR对降解的壳聚糖进行了分析。结果显示,在V(H_2O_2):m(壳聚糖)=2mL/g,m(壳聚糖):m(α-淀粉酶)=3的条件下,40℃微波水热反应40min,即可使壳聚糖粘均分子量下降99.8%以上,而用普通水热法达到相同分子量则需约9h,微波水热法大大提高了降解壳聚糖的效率,同时不破坏壳聚糖本身的结构,是一种高效环保的壳聚糖降解方法。     

降解壳聚糖在亚麻织物防皱整理中的应用

通过正交试验探讨了制备低聚水溶性壳聚糖的最佳工艺,研究了降解壳聚糖的浓度及分子量对亚麻防皱整理效果的影响。结果表明：经0．2％分子量为9312的降解壳聚糖整理后的亚麻织物的折皱回复角可达216°,比壳聚糖提高了54°。     

不同分子量壳聚糖对草莓果汁的澄清作用

用过氧化氢法或酶法降解壳聚糖制备了不同分子量的壳聚糖,并用凝胶渗透色谱测定了降解产物的分子量。该系列壳聚糖样品被用于对草莓果汁进行澄清。实验结果表明:壳聚糖对草莓果汁具有澄清效果,在0.2%浓度,随着壳聚糖分子量的增大,澄清效果增强;分子量Mw1.3×105以上壳聚糖剂量达到最佳后,增加壳聚糖,澄清效果反而下降;分子量Mw6.3×104以下的壳聚糖,在实验浓度条件下,澄清效果均不理想;中间分子量的壳聚糖剂量达到最佳后,再增加壳聚糖的剂量,澄清效果基本不变。脱乙酰度在73.1%～92.8%范围内的壳聚糖的澄清效果并无明显差异;果汁在pH3～5范围内,对澄清效果的影响不大;15～60℃温度范围内对壳聚糖澄清草莓果汁的影响不大;使用壳聚糖作为草莓果汁的澄清剂对原汁主要营养成分无明显影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that