The voltage dependence of NADPH oxidase reveals why phagocytes need proton channels

The enzyme NADPH oxidase in phagocytes is important in the body's defence against microbes: it produces superoxide anions (O2-, precursors to bactericidal reactive oxygen species). Electrons move from intracellular NADPH, across a chain comprising FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) and two haems, to reduce extracellular O2 to O2-. NADPH oxidase is electrogenic, generating electron current (I(e)) that is measurable under voltage-clamp conditions. Here we report the complete current-voltage relationship of NADPH oxidase, the first such measurement of a plasma membrane electron transporter. We find that I(e) is voltage-independent from -100 mV to >0 mV, but is steeply inhibited by further depolarization, and is abolished at about +190 mV. It was proposed that H+ efflux mediated by voltage-gated proton channels compensates I(e), because Zn2+ and Cd2+ inhibit both H+ currents and O2- production. Here we show that COS-7 cells transfected with four NADPH oxidase components, but lacking H+ channels, produce O2- in the presence of Zn2+ concentrations that inhibit O2- production in neutrophils and eosinophils. Zn2+ does not inhibit NADPH oxidase directly, but through effects on H+ channels. H+ channels optimize NADPH oxidase function by preventing membrane depolarization to inhibitory voltages.     

CeO2纳米颗粒对A549细胞的保护作用

探讨了CeO2纳米颗粒对体外培养的人肺腺癌细胞A549的生物效应.使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对CeO2纳米颗粒进行了表征,采用噻唑蓝比色法测定了不同质量浓度CeO2纳米颗粒悬液对A549细胞活性的影响,对其抗氧化能力进行了检测,并且测定了30 nm CeO2作用24 h后细胞中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽(G...     

新型N-苯甲酰基-脱氢枞胺衍生物的电喷雾离子阱质谱行为研究

利用电喷雾离子阱质谱(ESI-IT-MS)技术,对8个具有潜在杀菌、抗癌生物活性的三类新型N-苯甲酰基-脱氢枞胺衍生物进行了ESI质谱行为研究。结果表明,由于7位、12位及苯甲酰基上取代基的不同,三类衍生物呈现出一定的电离及碎裂特性。在(±)-ESI-MS过程中,7-肟基类衍生物(A)和12-硝基类衍生物(C)比7-羟基类衍生物(B)更易产生二聚体;A易产生[M-H_2O+H]~+,C则更易负离子化。在(+)-ESIMS/MS过程中,A中7-肟基的存在使其易产生特征离子碎裂峰[M-35+H]~+和[M-H_2O+H]~+;A的18位酰基脱水离子峰[M-H_2O+H]~+失去一分子取代苯甲腈产生系列偶数碎裂离子峰;A的7-肟基脱水离子峰[M-H_2O+H]~+失去一分子取代苯甲醛产生系列奇数碎裂离子峰。在(-)-ESI-MS/MS过程中,B比C更稳定,在较高的碰撞能作用下获得的碎裂片段较少;均可通过丢失中性分子N-取代苯甲酰基亚甲胺、取代苯甲醛或取代苯产生系列碎裂离子片段;C的强吸电子基团12-硝基及4'-硝基的存在使其丢失的中性分子易捕获电子而离子化。     

氟化物中氧对Eu2+光谱的影响

为了考察杂质阴离子对Ｅｕ＾２＋光谱的影响,应用光谱方法研究了复合氟化物中氧离子对氟离子的取代与Ｅｒ＾２＋光谱变化的关系。结果表明：在ＫＣａＥ３和ＢａＹ２Ｆ８基质中,氧的存在产生了Ｅｕ＾２＋新的发光中心,其中一种为正常的Ｅｕ＾２＋的发光中心,其中一种为正常的Ｅｕ＾２＋的发射中心,即Ｅｕ＾２＋（Ｆ＾－）中心,另一种为氧离子对氟离子取代形成的发射中心,即Ｅｕ＾２＋（Ｏ＾２－）中心;对于ＫＣａＦ３基质,随     

Effects of Nd<Superscript>3+</Superscript> and Sm<Superscript>3+</Superscript> on the proliferation,differentiation and mineralization function of primary osteoblasts <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>

A series of experimental methods including 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement, Oil Red O stain and measurement, mineralized function expression and quantitive real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) were employed to assess the effect of Nd³⁺ and Sm³⁺ on the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization function of primary osteoblasts (OBs) in vitro at cell and molecular levels. The experimental results suggest that concentration, culture time and ion species are pivotal factors for switching the biological effects of rare earth ions from toxicity to activity, from damage to protection, or from down-regulation to up-regulation.     

不同光照条件对黄瓜幼苗的生理响应

探明不同光照条件对黄瓜幼苗的生理响应。本试验以"津春4号"黄瓜品种为材料,在黄瓜幼苗长至两叶一心时,分别置于不同光照下生长6 d,然后取第2片真叶测定相关指标。结果表明,在弱光下黄瓜叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧阴离子(O2.-)生成速率以及过氧化氢(H2O2)含量均有显著提高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力有所降低,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性有显著提高。     

乙二胺N,N-二(4-乙酰胺苯甲酸)-二乙酸配合物合成、表征与性能研究

通过乙二胺四乙酸二酐与对氨基苯甲酸的酰化反应合成了乙二胺N,N-二(4-乙酰胺苯甲酸)二乙酸(H4L),并以此为配体分别与稀土离子Sm3+、Gd3+、Eu3+和过渡金属离子Mn2+、Fe3+组装得到系列配合物.用红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、元素分析及热重-差热分析对配合物进行了组成与结构的表征,配合物的组成可表示为M(HL)?3H2O（M=Sm3+, Eu3+,Gd3+,Fe3+）或者M(H2L)?3H2O（M=Mn2+）.配合物Gd(HL) ?3H2O的荧光发射光谱中没有离子特征谱图,而配合物Eu(HL)?3H2O在618nm处5D07F3跃迁的发射峰最强.配合物Gd(HL)?3H2O的弛豫率为7.43mmol/(L?s),体外弛豫性能明显提高.     

Multiphoton ionization of pyrrole-water mixed clusters

Multiphoton ionization of the hydrogen-bonded pyrrole-water clusters ( C4H5 N)n H2O)m is studied with a reflectron?time of flight mass spectrometer at 355 nm. With increasing partial concentration of pyrrole in a gas mixture source, a series of poly-pyrrole-water binary-mixed cluster ions can be observed, including unprotonated cluster ions [(C4H5N)x (H2O)y]* , protonated cluster ions [(C4H5N)x (H2O)yH]* and dehydrogenated cluster ions [ ( C4 H4 N) ( C4 H5 N) x ( H2O) y ] + . Ab initio calculations of their structures, bond strengths, charge distributions and re action energies are carried out. Stable structures of these clusters are obtained from the calculations. A probable forma tion mechanism of the cluster ions [(C4H5N)x(H2O)y] + , [(C4H5N)x (H2O)y]H+ and [(C4H4N) (C4H5N)x (H2O)y]-is supposed to be the ionization of clusters followed by dissociation.     

空燃比对离子电流信号的影响机理

在一台高压定容燃烧弹上,以甲烷为燃料,研究了空燃比对离子电流信号的影响.结果表明,当过量空气系数为0.90时,离子电流信号峰值最大,峰值时刻最为提前.通过建立甲烷预混离子反应机理模型,对离子形成过程、浓度及分布情况进行了数值模拟,结果表明,化学电离发生在火焰前锋面,最主要的离子产物为H3O~+,热电离发生在焰后高温区,最主要的离子产物为NO~+.化学反应路径分析表明,当过量空气系数为0.90时,H3O~+和NO~+的净生成速率最大,浓度最高,化学电离峰和热电离峰值最大.     

α-硫辛酸对小牛血管细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

为了研究α-硫辛酸（lipoic acid, LA）对心血管氧化损伤的保护作用，本研究以离体培养的小牛主动脉血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞为实验材料，探讨了LA 对这两种细胞氧化损伤的影响.结果表明，在H2O2胁迫下，LA可以剂量依赖性地提高细胞内的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，抑制细胞内过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的产生，提示LA对小牛主动脉血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞氧化损伤有保护作用.本研究为LA的保健和药用价值开发,特别是对LA在保护心血管免受氧化损伤的功效的研发，提供了自由基生物学实验依据.     

光催化过程中氧及过氧化氢对氧化钛的效应

由TiO2、TiO2/H2O2、H2O2以及在水溶液中通入空气等光催化条件组成几种不同的光催化体系,在254nm、2.4mw/cm2紫外条件下,光催化降解甲基橙染料,研究光催化过程中氧与过氧化氢对氧化钛光催化的协同作用,实验结果表明氧化钛光催化降解甲基橙染料时,在0.1%的氧化钛水溶液中添加0.02%的过氧化氢,能够提高甲基橙的光催化降解速率6倍以上;通入5L/min的空气,由于氧分子与氧化钛表面电子的作用,减少了光催化过程中的电子与空穴的复合几率,增加了活性羟基自由基的生成,也能够提高光催化速率3倍以上.     

两种Ln(Ⅲ)配聚物的合成、结构及光物理研究

采用水热合成方法得到T2种Ln(Ⅲ)配聚物(Ln(C8 H7 O3)3]n(Ln=Er(1)和Yb(2)).X-射线单晶结构分析表明,2个配聚物是同构的,均由对甲氧基苯甲酸根为桥形成的1D链状结构.Ln(Ⅲ)离子为8配位,8个氧原子均来自对甲氧基苯甲酸根.配体对甲氧基苯甲酸根采取桥双齿和桥三齿2种模式桥连Ln(Ⅲ)离子.通过红外光谱OR)、电子吸收光谱(UV-Vis-NIR)及荧光光谱(FP)对配聚物进行了表征及光物理性质研究.研究表明,2种配聚物在可见区的荧光发射相对较弱.     

Hg2+、Cd2+及其联合胁迫对伊乐藻的生长及POD和SOD活性的影响

利用水族箱实验研究了伊乐藻的现存量以及POD和SOD活性在Hg2+、Cd2+及其联合胁迫下的响应特点.结果表明:Hg2+和Cd2+对伊乐藻的联合毒性大于单一的毒性;在Hg2+20μmol.L-1,或Cd2+80μmol.L-1,或Hg2++Cd2+50μmol.L-1([Hg2+]/[Cd2+]=1/4)时,植物现存量增加的百分比与金属离子浓度负相关;高于上述浓度时,植物现存量减少的速率明显降低.POD和SOD活性的变化趋势相似,在6 h时,其活性在低于40μmol.L-1的Hg2+、或160μmol.L-1的Cd2+、或50μmol.L-1的Hg2++Cd2+胁迫下逐步升高,而在72 h时,相应的胁迫浓度则降至10μmol.L-1、40~80μmol.L-1和25μmol.L-1.     

无机骨架和哌嗪客体构成的有机-无机杂化物的合成和结构研究

利用常温水溶液合成方法,采用过渡金属钴离子为桥连原子制得1种具有三维无机骨架结构的化合物(Hpip)2[{Co(H2O)4}4(H2W12O42)].10H2O(pip=piperazine).采用元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析和X射线单晶衍射技术对化合物进行了表征.晶体结构分析表明:[H2W12O42]10-为8齿配体,它的8个端氧原子与8个Co2+进行了配位,钴离子桥连2个[H2W12O42]10-阴离子,形成3D无机骨架;哌嗪分子和结晶水作为客体填充在孔道中,客体与骨架之间存在着大量的氢键.     

湖北盘腹蚁属一新种记述（膜翅目：蚁科）

湖北盘腹蚁属一新种记述（膜翅目：蚁科）王维郑哲民（陕西师范大学动物研究所，西安７１００６２；第一作者，男，３１岁，讲师）笔者在整理采自湖北省利川市的蚂蚁标本时，发现一新种，现记述如下．模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室．凹唇盘腹蚁Ａｐｈａｅｎ...     

Discrete stages in the solvation and ionization of hydrogen chloride adsorbed on ice particles

Ionization and dissociation reactions play a fundamental role in aqueous chemistry. A basic and well-understood example is the reaction between hydrogen chloride (HCl) and water to form chloride ions (Cl(-)) and hydrated protons (H(3)O(+) or H(5)O(2)(+)). This acid ionization process also occurs in small water clusters and on ice surfaces, and recent attention has focused on the mechanism of this reaction in confined-water media and the extent of solvation needed for it to proceed. In fact, the transformation of HCl adsorbed on ice surfaces from a predominantly molecular form to ionic species during heating from 50 to 140 K has been observed. But the molecular details of this process remain poorly understood. Here we report infrared transmission spectroscopic signatures of distinct stages in the solvation and ionization of HCl adsorbed on ice nanoparticles kept at progressively higher temperatures. By using Monte Carlo and ab initio simulations to interpret the spectra, we are able to identify slightly stretched HCl molecules, strongly stretched molecules on the verge of ionization, contact ion pairs comprising H(3)O(+) and Cl(-), and an ionic surface phase rich in Zundel ions, H(5)O(2)(+).     

二月兰对铜污染的耐受与富集分析

为探究十字花科植物二月兰对土壤中铜离子的吸收和耐受性，采用不同浓度的硫酸铜溶液对其种子萌发阶段和生长阶段进行处理，测定了二月兰的生理指标.结果表明：铜离子溶液处理15 d后会对二月兰的萌发率产生影响.当铜离子质量分数为35，100 mg∙kg^-1时，均能促进二月兰种子的萌发，而400 mg∙kg^-1处理组则导致萌发率显著下降，发芽率仅为对照组的41％；土壤栽培处理，35，100 mg∙kg^-1均能促进二月兰生长，而400 mg∙kg^-1处理组则导致生长幅度减小，叶片数量和株高也显著少于前两组实验.同时，400 mg∙kg^-1处理组导致超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）的活性提高，铜离子对二月兰造成一定生长胁迫.铜离子转运系数和富集系数分别为0.56和0.52，说明二月兰对铜离子的富集能力表现优良，尚未造成毒害.进一步分析铜离子转运相关基因的表达，外源施加铜离子，导致体内OvCOPT1基因表达量相对于对照组显著降低.本研究揭示了二月兰对于土壤中铜离子污染具有吸收和富集作用，为治理土壤中铜离子污染提供了理论依据，并证明二月兰可作为优良的富集植物.     

五个生成环氧乙烷的反应的热力学预测(英文)

运用密度泛函方法B3LYP/6-311+G(2df,2p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)对文献[1]提出的Titan大气中可能生成环氧乙烷的五个反应在不同的温度和压强条件下进行了热力学计算和分析,发现:a)所有反应的反应焓变和吉布斯自由能变都小于零,反应都是放热反应,具有较大的自发反应趋势;在低温下反应的平衡常数很大,数据显示反应在低温下正向进行的自发反应趋势更大。b)对比生成环氧乙烷的同素异构体:乙醛和乙烯醇的计算结果,可以预测到在Titan大气的低温环境中自然合成环氧乙烷是很有可能的.     

Complementation in monocyte hybrids revealing genetic heterogeneity in chronic granulomatous disease

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare syndrome, found predominantly in male children and characterized by life-threatening, recurrent infections. The superoxide (O2-)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generating system in the granulocytes and monocytes of CGD patients is completely defective. Furthermore, a novel type of cytochrome b, detected by the optical spectrum of phagocytes from healthy subjects, is lacking in those of most male CGD patients. In female CGD patients, the cytochrome b is present, but cannot, as in normal cells, be reduced on metabolic stimulation of the phagocytes in anaerobic conditions. Here, to demonstrate the importance of cytochrome b in this system and to investigate the genetic background of the various forms of CGD, we have hybridized monocytes from a cytochrome b negative, X-linked male CGD patient with monocytes from a cytochrome b positive, male CGD patient with unknown genetic background. Monocytes were used because they are the only blood phagocytes that show an active protein synthesis, whereas fibroblasts or lymphocytes do not express the O2-/H2O2 generating system. The heterologous hybrids were positive in the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) slide test, indicating the complementation of the O2-/H2O2 generating system, whereas the homologous hybrids remained negative, as did the non-fused cells of these patients. We thus conclude that cytochrome b is part of the O2-/H2O2 generating system and that somatic cell hybridization experiments with monocytes provide a means of studying the genetic background of CGD patients. We believe this to be the first report of genetic complementation by somatic cell hybridization experiments using monocytes instead of fibroblasts.     

EMD在Pb-Ag-Ca新型合金阳极上电沉积杌理研究

根据对在实际电解条件下的电解液的吸收光谱谱图的测定,确定了在电解反应过程中有Mn~(3+)和MnO_4~-等生成。据此,可认为电解二氧化锰沉积(EMD)机理首先为各种价态的Mn离子在不同甲下的反应为(3)(4)(5)式,电解液最终存在如下平衡。 2Mn~(3+)+2H_2O=MnO_2+Mn~(2+)+4H~+ ΔG=-108.76K_J (1)