熔盐电镀—Ⅱ,钼的电化学成核和长大及其对电镀的影响

本文主要用恒电势法研究了钼晶核的形成和长大的动力学规律及其对电镀的影响。实验证明,在所选盐系、温度及浓度范围内,阴极反应开始阶段的控制步骤是半球形晶核的形成及其在扩散控制下的长大。适当控制影响这一步骤的因素,可以改善镀层质量。增大超电势将使晶核密度迅速增大,有利于获得结晶细致、光滑致密的镀层。在恒电势下,升高温度将使晶核密度增大,对改善镀层有利;而在恒电流下,升高温度则极化减小,晶核密度变小,对电镀不利。无论在恒电势或恒电流下,增大浓度都会使晶核密度变小,晶粒变粗,对电镀不利。     

初孵扬子鳄端脑基底中枢的组织学研究

用光镜对初孵扬子鳄端脑基底中枢的组织学结构进行了研究.基底中枢可分为背侧区、中心区、腹侧区、隔区及周围神经核:嗅前核、侧嗅束核、嗅结节、Broca斜角带核、横核等.本文对这些区域及核团进行了定位,并就其特征同其他脊椎动物进行了比较.     

髓核假体的制备及应力松弛特性的影响分析

对聚乙烯醇水凝胶髓核假体进行了应力松弛性能的研究,比较不同溶胀率和不同初始聚乙烯醇含量对应力松弛性能的影响.等时线法的研究分析表明,髓核假体的力学行为符合线性粘弹性行为,三元件线性粘弹模型能较好地模拟其粘弹力学行为(模拟拟合度均在0.96以上).三元件线性粘弹模型参数分析表明,对于髓核假体来说,溶胀率的增大可以增加髓核假体消散冲击力的速度,但对消散冲击力的总量影响不大,初始PVA含量的提高将降低髓核假体消散冲击力的速度和总量.     

烧结混合料适宜制粒水分的预测

水分是影响铁矿混合料制粒、烧结的重要因素.研究结果表明,随着制粒水分增加,制粒后混合料中细粒级颗粒含量减少,平均粒径增大,透气性迅速提高但随后增幅放缓或有所下降.透气性增幅达到缓和的水分点可作为适宜制粒水分的判据,且烧结速度在适宜制粒水分时达到最大值.通过筛分分级的方法将混合料分成-0.5 mm的黏附粉和+0.5 mm的核颗粒,并检测核颗粒的比例X+0.5,通过饱和吸水法检测黏附粉的最大毛细水量Wp,通过离心法检测核颗粒的持水量Wc,另外根据数学模型W=X+0.5.Wc+0.72(1-X+0.5).Wp预测适宜的制粒水分.适宜制粒水分绝对误差为±0.3%的情况下预测准确率可达93.3%,能满足混合料适宜制粒水分预测对精度的要求.     

大脑前额叶扣带回皮层调制丘脑触觉信息的途径研究

大脑前额叶扣带回皮层是一个与感觉功能密切相关的脑区,它能够对丘脑触觉反应进行调制.实验在10只戊巴比妥钠（1%）麻醉的SD雄性大鼠上进行,采用辣根过氧化物酶（horseradish peroxidase,HRP）逆行标记的方法,对扣带皮层前部调制丘脑腹侧基底核（ventrobasal,VB）感觉信息的途径进行了研究.实验结果显示,VB核可以接受扣带皮层后部的投射,而且扣带皮层前部有纤维投射到扣带皮层后部.由此提示了前扣带皮层对丘脑腹侧基底核神经元触觉信息调制的可能神经环路是：扣带皮层前部-扣带皮层后部-丘脑腹侧基底核.     

Discovery of 40Mg and 42Al suggests neutron drip-line slant towards heavier isotopes

A fundamental question in nuclear physics is what combinations of neutrons and protons can make up a nucleus. Many hundreds of exotic neutron-rich isotopes have never been observed; the limit of how many neutrons a given number of protons can bind is unknown for all but the lightest elements, owing to the delicate interplay between single particle and collective quantum effects in the nucleus. This limit, known as the neutron drip line, provides a benchmark for models of the atomic nucleus. Here we report a significant advance in the determination of this limit: the discovery of two new neutron-rich isotopes--40Mg and 42Al--that are predicted to be drip-line nuclei. In the past, several attempts to observe 40Mg were unsuccessful; moreover, the observation of 42Al provides an experimental indication that the neutron drip line may be located further towards heavier isotopes in this mass region than is currently believed. In stable nuclei, attractive pairing forces enhance the stability of isotopes with even numbers of protons and neutrons. In contrast, the present work shows that nuclei at the drip line gain stability from an unpaired proton, which narrows the shell gaps and provides the opportunity to bind many more neutrons.     

Lack of regional specificity for connections formed between thalamus and cortex in coculture

The mammalian cerebral cortex consists of many structurally and functionally specialized areas, with characteristic input from particular nuclei of the thalamus. Some localized external influence, such as the arrival of fibres from the appropriate thalamic nucleus before or around the time of birth, could trigger the emergence of committed cortical fields from an undifferentiated 'protocortex. The guidance of axons from each thalamic nucleus to its appropriate target area in the cortex could, then, be crucial in the regulation of cortical differentiation. Recently, Yamamoto et al. and Bolz et al. have demonstrated that cocultured explants of rat lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex can form layer-specific interconnections. We have now tested the possibility that each cortical area exerts a selective trophic influence on axons from its appropriate thalamic nucleus, and vice versa, by coculturing explants of different regions of the thalamus and cortex taken at various stages of development. Although thalamo-cortical and cortico-thalamic connections formed in vitro can be remarkably normal in many respects, they lack regional specificity.     

原子核内的夸克分布——Ⅲ 双π态的分布函数

本文讨论了双π态的形成,它的分布函数,以及它对原子结构函数的贡献。结果表明双π态对原子核结构函数的贡献是不能忽略的。     

电场中里德堡Li原子的动力学性质的研究

研究了电场中的里德堡态Li原子的动力学特征.虽然Li原子与H原子一样最外层都只有一个价电子,在远离核的地方电子的运动情况二者基本相同,由于原子实的存在,即使是能量很低时Li原子的哈密顿量也不能分离变量,因此在核区附近总是存在着混沌.利用Poincaré截面的方法比较了Li原子与H原子在动力学性质方面的不同,并进一步说明在外场中非H里德堡原子的光吸收回归谱中所出现新的共振峰可以归结为原子实的散射作用产生的组合轨道的效应.     

元素周期系界限问题研究

本文以四个立论为基础对原子的存在提出“空间限制”和“时间限制”概念。从“空间限制”考虑,原子存在的界限是Z=131-153号元素;从“时间限制”考虑,原子存在的界限是Z=125号元素,由此认为周期系界限的大体范围是在Z=125-131号元素。     

Monoclonal mice generated by nuclear transfer from mature B and T donor cells

Cloning from somatic cells is inefficient, with most clones dying during gestation. Cloning from embryonic stem (ES) cells is much more effective, suggesting that the nucleus of an embryonic cell is easier to reprogram. It is thus possible that most surviving clones are, in fact, derived from the nuclei of rare somatic stem cells present in adult tissues, rather than from the nuclei of differentiated cells, as has been assumed. Here we report the generation of monoclonal mice by nuclear transfer from mature lymphocytes. In a modified two-step cloning procedure, we established ES cells from cloned blastocysts and injected them into tetraploid blastocysts to generate mice. In this approach, the embryo is derived from the ES cells and the extra-embryonic tissues from the tetraploid host. Animals cloned from a B-cell nucleus were viable and carried fully rearranged immunoglobulin alleles in all tissues. Similarly, a mouse cloned from a T-cell nucleus carried rearranged T-cell-receptor genes in all tissues. This is an unequivocal demonstration that a terminally differentiated cell can be reprogrammed to produce an adult cloned animal.     

酿酒酵母超微结构观察方法的研究

本文用常规电镜技术对不同细胞周期的酿酒酵母ＳａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓＣｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ菌体细胞和原生质体进行超微结构的对比观察，结果发现，用减数分裂时期的原生质体进行超微结构的观察，效果最为理想。包括细胞核在内的许多细胞器都可观察到。纺锤极体，微管，染色质，染色体，核仁等核内结构也都十分清晰。     

中缝背核对躯体反射放电的影响

作者在清醒麻痹的猫上进行中缝背核对躯体反射放电影响的实验。结果表明:电刺激猫中缝背核(DR)对躯体反射放电活动具有明显地抑制作用;对躯体伤害性刺激引起的丘脑束旁核(PF)诱发单位放电活动亦具有明显地抑制作用。     

Microwave Plasma Synthesis of Nanopowders

1 Results and Discussion Nanopowders were synthesized by using microwave plasma synthesis technique.The microwave plasma was operated in atmospheric pressure at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.The reaction temperature is directly related to the power of the microwave generator that can be controlled by adjusting the actual operating current.Firstly,ionization and dissociation of precursor species will be occurred in the plasma,nucleus can then be formed by the collision of these molecules,followed by the growth...     

以Fe作为弹核研究合成超重核的黏连截面

超重元素的研究是目前核物理和核化学领域的前沿课题之一,随着实验设备的不断完善和各种理论模型的不断发展,人们在合成超重核的研究上取得了非常大的进展。Fe作为弹核探讨形成超重核的黏连截面,主要采用两步模型来研究超重核的形成过程。主要核反应过程具体分为2步:第1步是指弹靶的黏连阶段,第2步是指弹靶形成复合核阶段。这2个阶段的动力学过程都可以用带随机力的朗之万方程来描述,并且这2个阶段是各自独立的,即可以分别来讨论这2个阶段。主要讨论黏连阶段,根据给出的58Fe+248Cm与58Fe+208Pb激发能与黏连截面的实验值,重新拟合出以Fe作为弹核与锕系中系列核形成超重核的黏连截面的最佳C与ΔB值,及C与ΔB值对拟合出的E*-σ曲线的影响、角动量和激发能等因素对黏连截面的影响。     

青檀花粉生殖细胞的形成和质体遗传格式

利用电子显微镜和荧光显微技术研究了青檀花粉生殖细胞的形成过程及壁的成份.小孢子刚从四分体中释放时,核位于中央,细胞器随机分布.当小孢子核移向边缘时,细胞器特别是质体,呈不均等分布,在核的对面聚集.刚形成的生殖细胞完全被细胞壁包围着,壁的成份是纤维素和胼胝质.生殖细胞形成后不久,胼胝质即消失,而纤维素则部分地保留,一直到游离生殖细胞早期.传粉时的生殖细胞呈蝌蚪状.在生殖细胞中始终没有发现质体.故青檀的质体遗传格式属于番茄型.     

淋巴细胞自动阈值分割算法的研究

本文根据淋巴细胞的彩色特征,结合临床病理专家的先验知识,提出了基于RGB彩色空间和HSI彩色空间的淋巴细胞自动闽值分割算法。采用基于最小二乘法的曲线拟合的算法分别在两彩色空间中进行直方图曲线拟合,求出分割阈值序列,并定义评价函数,从中选取最优阈值,从而实现淋巴细胞的细胞核与细胞浆的分割。实验证明,该方法可以取得较好的分割效果。     

Degree of methylation of transgenes is dependent on gamete of origin

Data derived from both pronuclear transplantation experiments and classical genetic experiments indicate that the maternal and paternal genetic contributions to the mammalian zygote nucleus do not function equivalently during subsequent development. These observations have been interpreted as resulting from differential 'genome imprinting' during male and female gametogenesis. The molecular mechanism responsible for genome imprinting is unknown, but data gathered to date require that the mechanism fulfill at least four criteria: (1) the imprint must be physically linked to the pronucleus; (2) the imprint must persist through DNA replication and cell division; (3) the mechanism must be capable of affecting gene expression; and (4) the mechanism must be capable of switching the identity of the imprint from one sex to the other in successive generations. One molecular mechanism which could satisfy the first three criteria is differential DNA methylation during gametogenesis itself, or before formation of the zygote nucleus during embryogenesis. We present data indicating that the methylation patterns of exogenous DNA sequences in transgenic mice can be changed by switching their gamete of origin in successive generations. These data suggest that DNA methylation can also satisfy the fourth criterion for an imprinting mechanism.