浙江沿海定生海藻资源特征研究

根据浙江沿海海藻资源调查资料，研究分析认为该海区到目前为止发现定生海藻种类205种，生物分类为6纲、23目、56科、96属，可以归入4个门，其中红藻门117种，绿藻门39种，褐藻门45种，蓝藻门4种；它们在潮间带和浅海区的分布系特征为广温广布种80种、优势种40种、常见种50种、少见种13种、稀有种10种、局限种12种，并通过对该区定生海藻种类组成和分布区系的分析，阐述了浙江沿海定生海藻资源特征及其研究意义，对进一步开发利用该海区的定生海藻有参考价值。     

大连西中岛潮间带大型底栖经济海藻群落的季节变化

为研究大连西中岛潮间带大型底栖经济海藻的生态学特征,共布设了4个采样断面,于2011年7月、2012年4月、2012年10月和2013年1月进行了采样调查,研究了大型底栖经济海藻的群落结构、季节变化和多样性.共鉴定出大型底栖经济海藻44种,隶属于4门21属,其中绿藻门12种,褐藻门9种,蓝藻门1种,红藻门22种.经济藻类种类和数量的季节性变化研究表明,藻类种类数呈现春季>夏季>冬季>秋季的特点,各季节红藻门种类数最多,其次为褐藻门和绿藻门,蓝藻门最少.优势度分析表明,角叉菜为主要优势物种,随着季节变化,优势种组成有所不同.各采样断面生物量的分布特征体现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季.群落的水平结构特征表现为各断面的经济海藻种类在不同季节具有一定差异性;垂直结构特征表现为低潮带分布的经济藻类种类最多,以红藻为主;其次为中潮带,以褐藻为主;高潮带分布的藻类最少,以绿藻为主.多样性分析结果表明,春、夏季物种多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数均高于秋、冬季,且各采样断面的物种多样性呈现出一定差异.     

福建沿海潮间带星虫种类及其分布的初步研究

一、本文报告我国福建沿海潮间带星虫类Sipuncuidea 11种，隶属于1科、4属，其中2个种为我国首次记录。二、本文对我国已有记载的个别错误种类给予更正。三、分布于福建沿海潮间带的星虫随纬度的增加其种数逐渐递减。其中Sipunculus nudus和Phasolosoma esculenta二种分布广、数量多，为本海区的优势种。四、星虫分布与底质有密切关系。分布于沙底质的种类有3种，泥沙底质的种类有7种，泥底质的种类有2种，红树林区的种类有1种，岩礁区的种类有4种。星虫分布与潮区有关。分布于高潮区的种类有4种，中潮区的种类有9和，低潮间的种类有7种。     

广西钦州茅尾海潮间带生物生态特征

为研究茅尾海潮间带生物生态特征,于2007年9月、2008年2月及6月,在茅尾海海域共设8条断面进行了3次潮间带生物调查。鉴定出潮间带生物81种,分别属于7门9纲43科68属,其中软体动物贝类16科27种;节肢动物甲壳类12科27种;环节动物多毛类9科19种;其它类4门4纲6科8种。调查表明：平均生物栖息密度的高低顺序为高潮带〉中潮带〉低潮带,总平均生物量的高低顺序则为中潮带〉高潮带〉低潮带。生物多样性指数范围为：1.86～3.68,均匀度范围为0.50～0.85,优势度范围为0.39～0.79,丰度范围为0.94～2.40。红树林滩涂的多样性指数、均匀度及丰度值均明显低于泥沙滩涂,而优势度值则恰好相反。茅尾海的生物多样性指数及丰度值普遍比钦州湾低,离居民近的滩涂由于受人类活动影响较大,呈现出物种较单一的现象。     

北麂列岛岩相潮间带底栖动物的种类分布

对北麂列岛岩相潮间带底栖动物的种类分布的研究结果表明：种类的水平分布主要受海岸开敞度的影响;垂直分布主要受潮汐和浪击度的影响,不同潮区的种类数为低潮区＞中潮区＞高潮区;季节变化与温度有关。     

浙江省海岛潮间带生态学研究Ⅱ.数量组成与分布

浙江省岛屿潮间带平均生物量为804.48 g/m2,生物密度为698.89 d/m2.生物量以甲壳动物居首位,软体动物次之;生物密度以软体动物居首位,次为甲壳动物.生物数量的分布与种类多样性分布的规律基本上一致.生物数量海区的分布是浙南海区＞浙北＞浙中 ;不同类型底质的生物量分布是岩礁＞砂泥滩＞沙滩;不同生境的生物分布是开敞海岸＞屏蔽海岸＞河口.不同潮区的生物量分布是中潮区＞低潮区＞高潮区;生物密度是中潮区＞高潮区＞低潮区,季节分布是春季＞秋季.     

浙江六横岛潮间带底栖生物组成特点

本文报导了六横岛潮间带底栖生物的种类、组成、数量分布及其与环境因子的关系。经鉴定，六横岛泥沙滩潮间带共有底栖生物２７种，其中软体动物占４０．８％，多毛类和甲壳类各占２９．６％。泥沙滩底栖生物密度（除沙滩节肢动物外）均以高潮区→低潮区逐渐降低，不同潮区生物量均无明显的变化规律，但不同生境潮间带决定着不同底栖生物种类组成，泥滩以多毛类占优势，沙滩则以软体动物占优势．     

浙江省海岛潮间带生态学研究 Ⅱ．数量组成与分布

浙江省岛屿与潮间带平均生物量为804．48g/m^2,生物密度为698．89d/m^2。生物量以甲壳动物居首位,软体动物次之;生物密度以软体动物居首位,次为甲壳支物。生物数量的分布与种类多样性分布的规律基本上一致。生物数量海区的分布是浙南海区＞浙北＞浙中;不同类型底质的生物量分布是岩礁＞砂泥滩＞沙滩;不同生境的生物分布是开敞海岸＞屏蔽海岸＞河口。不同潮区的生物量分布是中潮区＞低潮区＞高潮区;生物密度是中潮区＞高潮区＞低潮区,季节分布是春季＞秋季。     

浙江省海岛潮间带生态学研究Ⅰ，生物种类组成与分布

浙江省海岛潮间带生物调查,共获潮间带生物769种,以软件动物（231种）居首,次为甲壳动物（139种）。生态类群以广温广布性种和亚热带性种为主,种类多种样的分布是浙南海区＞浙中海区＞浙北海区;不同类型底持的分布是岩礁＞沙泥滩＞沙滩;不同生境的分布是开敝海岸＞屏敝海岸＞河口,不同潮区的分布是中潮区＞低潮区＞高潮区,季节分布是春季＞秋季。     

广西海岛周围水域的棘皮动物资源调查

广西海洋研究所在１９９０年￣１９９２年对广西海岛周围水域进行了海洋生物资源调查，其中棘皮动物调查的结果为２０科２６属４２种，得出了详细的种名录。据此调查可知，蛇尾纲的种数最多。４岛区中，涠洲－斜阳岛区分布的种类数最多。垂直分布上则只分布在中潮带和低潮带，在高潮带无分布。涠洲－斜阳岛区的自然条件适宜海参的生长，因此建议在涠洲建立花刺参的增养殖场。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.