Cu-H_2O纳米流体的粘度研究

采用毛细管粘度计测量了Cu-H2O纳米流体的粘度,研究了pH值、分散剂加入量和纳米颗粒质量分数对纳米流体粘度的影响.结果表明在液体中添加纳米颗粒,其粘度发生了变化,但不同因素对纳米流体粘度的影响不同.在最佳pH值和分散剂加入量时,纳米颗粒质量分数对粘度的影响较大.     

纳米颗粒悬浮液的粘度、热扩散系数与Pr数

从纳米颗粒悬浮液有效导热系数、比热容和粘度等物性值,计算了对应的热扩散系数和Pr数.采用硬球模型并考虑团聚体空间分布及颗粒表面吸附作用,解释了纳米颗粒悬浮液粘度增大的原因.分析表明,纳米颗粒团聚体的形成和空间分布对悬浮液导热系数的影响大于对粘度的影响.     

Al2O3-H2O纳米流体的导热性能

采用Hotdisk热物性分析仪测量了Al2O3-H2O纳米流体的导热系数,探讨了pH值、分散剂加入量和纳米粒子含量对导热性能的影响．结果表明：最适宜的pH值和分散剂加入量能显著提高水溶液中Al2O3表面Zeta电位的绝对值,增大颗粒间的静电排斥力,悬浮液分散稳定性较好,导热系数较高;从分散稳定和导热系数提高两个方面来考虑,最佳pH值为8．0左右;在0．10％Al2O3-H2O纳米流体中,十二烷基苯磺酸钠的最佳加入量为0．10％．Al2O3-H2O纳米流体的导热系数随纳米粒子含量的增大而非线性增大,且大于现有理论（Hamihon-Crosser模型）预测值．     

基于多相流模型的纳米流体在水平细圆管内强制对流换热数值模拟

运用2种多相流模型模拟了纳米流体在细圆管内的强制对流换热特性,并与已有文献的实验值和传统流体经验公式的计算值进行对比.其中,采用混合模型和欧拉模型分析了雷诺数、纳米颗粒体积分数等物理量对换热特性的影响.结果表明:在纳米颗粒体积分数较低时,模拟值与其实验值及经验公式的计算值相差不大;随着纳米颗粒体积分数增加,其非常规的流体特性逐渐突出,当纳米颗粒体积分数达到一定值时,常规的流体经验公式已不再适用,纳米流体换热呈现出一定的多相流特性,且多相流模型的模拟值更接近于其实验值,表明运用多相流模型能够模拟纳米流体的换热特性.     

纳米流体导热系数的团簇宏观分析模型

提出了以颗粒团聚成统计平均尺寸的团簇宏观特征量计算纳米流体（纳米颗粒悬浮液）导热系数的物理数学模型.计算远比作者在2003年建议和报道的分形模型法简便.计算示例与讨论表明：所倡导的数理模型可给出纳米流体导热系数可信的预示值,对筛选和优化纳米流体具有一定的指导意义.     

纳米流体导热系数的团簇宏观分析模型

提出了以颗粒团聚成统计平均尺寸的团簇宏观特征量计算纳米流体(纳米颗粒悬浮液)导热系数的物理数学模型.计算远比作者在2003年建议和报道的分形模型法简便.计算示例与讨论表明:所倡导的数理模型可给出纳米流体导热系数可信的预示值,对筛选和优化纳米流体具有一定的指导意义.     

Al2O3-水纳米流体的导热性能研究

采用Hotdisk热物性分析仪测量了Al2O3-H2O纳米流体的导热系数,探讨了不同pH值、分散剂浓度和纳米粒子质量分数对Al2O3-H2O纳米流体导热性能的影响。结果表明：最优化的pH值和分散剂加入量能显著提高水溶液中Al2O3表面Zeta电位绝对值,增大了颗粒间静电排斥力,悬浮液分散稳定性较好,导热系数较高。从分散稳定和导热系数提高两个方面来考虑,pH=8.0左右被选为最优化值,在0.1%Al2O3-H2O纳米流体中,0.10%SDBS被选为最优化浓度。另外,Al2O3-H2O纳米流体的导热系数随纳米粒子质量分数的增大而增大,呈非线性关系,且比现有理论（Hamilton–Crosser模型）预测值大。     

烃类混合物及油气藏流体的粘度计算模型

根据ｖａｎｄｅｒＷａａｌｓ单流体混合规则,将基于两参数ＰｅｎｇＲｏｂｉｎｓｏｎ状态方程的流体粘度计算模型应用于烃类混合物及油气藏流体粘度的计算。对３种二元烃类混合物（甲烷丙烷、甲烷正丁烷和甲烷正癸烷）的粘度进行了计算,２４３９个数据点的平均相对误差为１６．７２％．计算了９种天然气及１７种油藏原油的粘度,其平均相对误差分别为９．８０％和１７．２９％．这种模型优于现有的油气藏流体粘度模型。     

双组分纳米流体导热系数研究

采用共混法在氨水中制备了稳定的碳纳米管颗粒悬浮液(双组分纳米流体),并利用瞬态热丝法测量了不同条件下的双组分纳米流体的导热系数,系统研究了颗粒质量分数、氨水质量分数、温度等因素对双组分纳米流体导热系数的影响.实验结果表明,碳纳米管的加入极大地提高了基础液体-氨水的导热系数.在此基础上,结合已有文献中关于纳米流体导热系数的计算模型对双组分纳米流体的导热系数进行了模拟计算,并对模拟数据和实验数据进行了对比.结果发现,通过对模型参数的调整,微对流模型可以准确计算双组分纳米流体的导热系数.     

CuO/水纳米流体悬浮液分散性能研究

通过在去离子水中添加纳米CuO颗粒,制备一种新型强化传热工质CuO/水纳米流体。采用离子型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、非离子型表面活性剂聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)对纳米CuO颗粒进行分散,并对其zeta电位、粒度及吸光度进行测量。系统研究超声振动时间、表面活性剂种类和质量分数、pH值等对CuO/水纳米流体悬浮液分散性能的影响。实验结果表明,随超声振动时间的延长、分散剂浓度及pH值的增加,纳米CuO颗粒的分散性均出现先增后降的变化规律;纳米CuO颗粒的分散存在一个最佳超声振动时间、分散剂质量分数和pH值。纳米CuO在悬浮液中的最佳分散工艺条件为:超声振动时间1.5 h,pH=8,wSDBS=0.06%。     

纳米流体强化CO2鼓泡吸收实验

利用两步法制备了多种乙醇基质纳米流体,建立了一套纳米流体强化气体吸收实验装置,分别测试了CO2在体积分数为0．01％-0．10％的Al2O3-C2H50H、MgO-C2H50H、SiO2-C2H5OH、TiO2（5nm）．C2H50H、TiO2（25nm）．C2H50H、Ti02（60nm）-C2H50H纳米流体中的吸收浓度曲线,得到了纳米流体的体积分数、纳米粒子的种类和粒径等因素对C02吸收过程的影响．实验结果表明,纳米流体的吸收强化效果随着纳米粒子体积分数的增加而增加,并且随着纳米流体中纳米粒子粒径的增加而减少．此外,还对纳米流体强化CO2吸收过程的机理进行了分析．     

纳米颗粒表面修饰对纳米流体粘度的影响

纳米流体的黏度受流体温度、纳米颗粒粒径、纳米颗粒浓度等多方面的影响。在前人的研究中,黏度随流体温度的增加而减小,随纳米颗粒粒径的增加而减小,随纳米颗粒浓度的增加而增大,但黏度随纳米颗粒浓度的增大程度不同。通过总结大量不同情况下纳米流体的黏度数据,分析纳米流体黏度随纳米颗粒浓度的增加与纳米颗粒表面性质的关系。分析结果表明:纳米颗粒的添加增加基础流体的黏度;且亲水型纳米颗粒比疏水型纳米颗粒与水形成的纳米流体的黏度高。通过对纳米颗粒表面性质的修饰,可以控制纳米流体黏度的变化,从而影响流体输送过程中的能耗。     

Effect of TiO2 on the viscosity and structure of low-fluoride slag used for electroslag remelting of Ti-containing steels

The viscosity of CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO–(TiO2) slag was measured using a rotating crucible viscometer. Raman spectroscopy analysis was performed to correlate the viscosity to slag structure. The viscosity of the slag was found to decrease with increasing TiO2 con-tent in the slag from 0 to 9.73wt%. The activation energy decreased from 95.16 kJ/mol to 79.40 kJ/mol with increasing TiO2 content in the slag. The introduction of TiO2 into the slag played a destructive role in Al–O–Al structural units and Q4 units by forming simpler structural units of Q2 and426TiO- chain. The amount of Al–O–Al significantly decreased with increasing TiO2 content. The relative fraction of4Q units in the [AlO4]5?-tetrahedral units shows a decreasing trend, whereas the relative fraction of2Q units and426TiO- chain increases with increasing TiO2 content accordingly. Consequently, the polymerization degree of the slag decreases with increasing TiO2 content. The varia-tion in slag structure is consistent with the change in measured viscosity.     

TiO2对含铬高钛熔分渣熔化性能和黏度的影响

A study on the melting and viscosity properties of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag (CaO–SiO₂–MgO–Al₂O₃–TiO₂–Cr₂O₃) with TiO₂ contents ranging from 38.63wt% to 42.63wt% was conducted. The melting properties were investigated with a melting-point apparatus, and viscosity was measured using the rotating cylinder method. The FactSage 7.1 software and X-ray diffraction, in combination with scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), were used to characterize the phase equilibrium and microstructure of chromium-containing high-titanium melting slags. The results indicated that an increase in the TiO₂ content led to a decrease in the viscosity of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag. In addition, the softening temperature, hemispheric temperature, and flowing temperature decreased with increasing TiO₂ content. The amount of crystallized anosovite and sphene phases gradually increased with increasing TiO₂ content, whereas the amount of perovskite phase decreased. SEM observations revealed that the distribution of the anosovite phase was dominantly influenced by TiO₂.     

纳米颗粒/矿物冷冻油的流变特性研究

对纳米颗粒/矿物冷冻油的流变特性进行了全面的实验研究,重点分析了颗粒浓度、颗粒种类和温度对冷冻油流变特性的影响.结果表明:对于纳米颗粒TiO2/矿物冷冻油,当w(TiO2)≤0.2%时,为牛顿流体,当w(TiO2)0.2%时,表现为剪切变稀特性.纳米颗粒TiO2/矿物冷冻油的黏度大于纯质冷冻油,且随着颗粒质量分数的提高而增大,当w(TiO2)=0.4%时,黏度可提高11.2%,拟合得到的混合物黏度模型预测值与实验值吻合良好.纳米颗粒种类对混合物的流变特性有一定的影响,这与颗粒的形状有关.纳米颗粒/矿物冷冻油的黏温曲线趋势与纯油相似.     

Effects of MgO and TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on the viscous behaviors and phase compositions of titanium-bearing slag

The effects of MgO and TiO₂ on the viscosity, activation energy for viscous flow, and break-point temperature of titanium-bearing slag were studied. The correlation between viscosity and slag structure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Subsequently, main phases in the slag and their content changes were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Factsage 6.4 software package. The results show that the viscosity decreases when the MgO content increases from 10.00wt% to 14.00wt%. Moreover, the break-point temperature increases, and the activation energy for viscous flow initially increases and subsequently decreases. In addition, with increasing TiO₂ content from 5.00wt% to 9.00wt%, the viscosity decreases, and the break-point temperature and activation energy for viscous flow initially decrease and subsequently increase. FTIR analyses reveal that the polymerization degree of complex viscous units in titanium-bearing slag decreases with increasing MgO and TiO₂ contents. The mechanism of viscosity variation was elucidated. The basic phase in experimental slags is melilite. Besides, as the MgO content increases, the amount of magnesia–alumina spinel in the slag increases. Similarly, the sum of pyroxene and perovskite phases in the slag increases with increasing TiO₂ content.     

TiO2纳米线的制备及在柔性染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用水热法制备锐钛矿TiO2纳米线(TNWs),用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对TNWs的形貌及其成分进行表征.将制备好的TNWs与TiO2混合,以乙醇、水作为分散剂制备稳定均一的TiO2胶体.采用刮涂法在ITO/PEN衬底上低温制备了柔性光阳极和染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC),对其进行形貌及光电性能等表征和测试,分析TNWs的量对电池性能的影响.结果表明,加入TNWs可达到增加电子传导从而提高电池效率的目的.经优化发现,掺入质量分数为5.0%的TNWs时,电池的性能最好,所组装的柔性DSSC在100mW/cm2模拟太阳光照下,光电转换效率达2.59%.     

Influence of Ingredients of Carbon Black Nano-Particle Suspension of Ammonia Solution on Viscosity of Nanofluid

A series of experiments were performed on the viscosity of a nanofluid,produced by mixing car-bon black and mulsifier OP-10 using ammonia-water with the ultrasonic dispersion.The results show that,when adding surfactant separately in low mass concentrations,at first the viscosity of solution decreases sharply compared with that of ammonia-water.then increases with increasing the concentration of OP-IO.In a certain concentration of surfactant,the viscosity of nanofluids increases with increasing the concentration of nanoparti·des.Based on Einstein model and Langrnuir absorption theory,a new model啪s summed up for nanoflukls.Compared with test values,the calcuhted values on the new model have verified that the model is suitable to predict the viscosity of rmnofluids.beoll.k.the maximum relative error is less than 5%.Nano-particles absorp-tion in the nanofluids is not only single-molecule layer adsorption,but aLso multi-layer molecular adsorption and other complicated adsorption.So the new model,ordy based on single-molecule layer adsorption theory of Lang-muir.is not fully in line with the real circumstances.     

锐钛矿 TiO2纳米片的可控合成和光催化机制

采用溶剂热法合成了锐钛矿T iO2纳米结构,研究乙醇、乙二醇和丙三醇对 T iO2形貌和光催化性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM ）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、紫外可见近红外分光光度计（UV‐Vis）等对此TiO2样品进行表征。结果表明：随着黏度的增加,TiO2的形貌由纳米片到纳米棒最后形成纳米颗粒;在乙醇溶液中合成的T iO2纳米片表现出优异的光催化性能,这是由于U V光具有粒子性,光的多次反弹使得样品具有高的紫外吸收所致。