哈尔滨市大气中PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)质量浓度及金属离子分析

对哈尔滨市大气环境中的PM10、PM2.5进行了采集,并对质量浓度及离子成分进行了分析.实验结果表明,两种颗粒物均呈现了先减小后增大的特征,最高值出现在1月,质量浓度分别是178.85、130.10μg/m3,PM10在1、2、3、4、11、12月均超标,而PM2.5质量浓度则高出欧盟标准(15μg/m3)的2~8倍,另外,离子总质量浓度在8月达到了最低值,分别是42.73μg/m3和25.3μg/m3.PM10和PM2.5中离子成分占颗粒物总质量的比例均表现为中间高两边低的特点,最高含量出现在7月份,分别为67.7%和68.4%.根据相关系数的判别原则,PM10中表现为高度负相关的离子是Ca2+和F-、Ca2+和SO42+、Ca2+和NO3-;表现为高度正相关的离子是K+和Mg2+、K+和Cl-、M2+和Cl-、F-和SO42+、F-和NO3-、SO42+和NO3-,说明上述离子间有相似的污染来源.PM2.5中表现为高度正相关的离子是K+和Cl-、K+和SO42+、K+和NO3-、Mg2+和SO42+、F-和NO3-、SO42+和NO3-,与PM10中离子相关性规律不同.     

离子色谱法测定PM2.5中水溶性无机阴离子

利用戴安ICS-900离子色谱仪对PM2.5中水溶性无机阴离子F-、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-和SO42-进行了分离测定.5种离子的线性相关系数r〉0.996,6次测试的相对标准偏差小于3.34%,F-、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-和SO42-的检测限分别为0.003 8、0.006 1、0.003 8、0.025 4和0.061 1 mg·L-1.该方法操作简单、准确、快速,适用于同时测定PM2.5中的水溶性无机阴离子.     

广东云浮市降水的离子组成特征分析

2005年4~9月在广东省云浮市采集到28场降水样品进行降水化学分析. 结果表明,SO42-和Ca2+是浓度最高的阴、阳离子,平均浓度依次为291.71eq/L和284.65eq/L, 占离子总浓度的75%;SO42-/NO3-的物质量浓度比平均为8.64, 降水污染主要为硫酸型;但降水中碱性离子对酸性离子的中和作用显著。另外,离子浓度高值出现在5月和8月的汛期过渡期, 低值则发生在6~7月的主汛期;除NH4+离子外,其他离子的月平均浓度的变化趋势比较类似,说明这些离子有相近的来源以及类似的传输途径。     

忻州市PM_(2.5)与PM_(10)中水溶性离子季节污染特征及来源分析

为了解忻州市大气气溶胶中水溶性离子的特征及来源,分别在非采暖季、采暖季和风沙季对忻州市3个固定采样点大气中PM2.5和PM10样品中的水溶性无机离子浓度进行了定量分析.结果表明,忻州市大气PM2.5和PM10浓度分别为89.97、180.12μg/m3,颗粒物中SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4及Ca2+是其主要离子,其质量浓度总和分别占PM2.5和PM10总质量浓度的24.19%和24.15%.SO2-4、NH+4、Cl-、K+主要分布在细颗粒物中,Ca2+、Mg2+主要集中在粗颗粒物中,Na+与NO-3在粗细颗粒物中比例差别不大;风沙季中Ca2+、Mg2+的百分比大于采暖季与非采暖季,采暖季里Cl-的比例大于其余2季.主成分分析表明,忻州市风沙季中颗粒物水溶性离子的最主要来源是风沙扬尘;采暖季PM2.5中离子的最主要来源是燃煤和二次生成;非采暖季PM2.5中水溶性离子的最主要来源为二次生成.     

近年来长江口水体主离子的变化特征及影响因素分析

通过对2004-2008年长江口徐六泾江水样品中主要离子(Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+,K+,HCO32-,SO42-,Cl-,NO3-和SiO32-)含量的月观测,以及对2008年9月长江下游调查,研究发现,长江河口水体主要离子浓度与径流呈现很好负相关关系,季节变化明显,但主离子浓度季节差异小于径流量的季节差异.河口水体中K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl-,SO42-,NO3-,总硬度/总碱度有上升趋势,尤其以SO42-和总硬度/总碱度的上升趋势显著,SiO32-,HCO3-则表现出下降趋势.引起近年来长江口水体主离子浓度变化的影响因素为工业排放、环境酸化、循环盐和三峡蓄水等.     

江西信江一级支流丰溪河流域大气降水特征分析

为了解江西省上饶市年内降雨变化特征,以上饶市丰溪河流域内降雨为研究区域,收集2020年3月至2021年2月中24 h降雨量大于等于5 mm的降雨.主要监测降水pH、电导率和常量离子浓度,以得到丰溪河流域内大气降水水质时空分布规律.调查数据结果表明:丰溪河降水时间分布极不均,降雨主要集中在3-9月,占全年降雨总量的87.1％,降雨量极差为657.8 mm,流域降雨呈现从南到北逐渐增强趋势,年最大降雨量流域北部的鹤山,年最小降雨量出现在流域南部的下会坑;酸雨频率为26.2％,全年pH平均值为5.79,有显著的季节差异,冬季＜春季＜秋季＜夏季;SO42-、NH4+、Ca2+和NO3-为降水中主要离子,总无机离子加权平均浓度顺序为冬季＞春季＞秋季＞夏季,与降水量呈负相关;降水离子与降水量加权年平均浓度分布规律为城区＞郊区＞农村＞山区背景值站;SO42-/NO3-在1.66 ～4.91之间,平均值2.16,属硫酸-硝酸的混合型污染,人为源对大气环境产生了一定影响.     

含溴水臭氧化过程阴离子对溴酸盐生成的影响

为研究常见无机阴离子对含溴水臭氧化过程溴酸盐(BrO3-)生成的影响,本研究通过小试分别考察了不同质量浓度氯离子(Cl-)、碳酸氢根离子(HCO3-)和硫酸根离子(SO42-)对BrO3-生成的影响,并结合反应过程臭氧衰减、中间产物次溴酸/次溴酸根离子(HOBr/OBr-)生成及总溴浓度变化情况,进一步分析了这3种无机阴离子对BrO3-生成的影响机理。结果表明,以60min为例,Cl-质量浓度为3～150mg·L-1的水样BrO3-生成量相对于未投加Cl-条件降低了8.8%～25.7%;反应20min时,SO42-质量浓度从Omg·L-1增至30mg·L-1时,BrO3-生成量减少了63.9%;而当HCO3-质量浓度由0mg·L-1上升至30mg·L-1时,BrO3-生成量增加了6.4倍,其质量浓度超过30mg·L-1,继续投加HCO3-对BrO3-生成量的促进作用提高不大。研究表明,在相同的臭氧投加量和相同的反应时间下,投加Cl-和SO42-均能抑制臭氧化过程BrO3-的生成,而投加HCO3-能极大地促进BrO3-的生成。     

晋城市大气降水的化学组成特征

为了解晋城市大气降水的化学组成特征,对2009年10月至2010年9月间晋城市市内及郊区（山耳东村）的大气降水进行了采样、分析。结果表明：晋城市尚未出现酸雨现象,晋城市市内和郊区（山耳东村）大气降水的pH平均值分别为6.48和6.67;电导率平均值分别为11.9ms/m和10.7ms/m,较其他地区偏高;SO42-、NO3-、Ca2＋是降水中主要的离子成分,降水类型属硫酸型。     

指示剂及pH值对滴定法测定水中常见离子的影响

水质简分析需要测定水中Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+、Cl-、SO42-、CO32-、HCO3-这8种离子,虽然项目少,但要求快而及时准确,本文主要论述水质简分析时指示剂及pH值对滴定法测定常见离子的影响。     

中国典型酸雨区大气湿沉降化学特性

以湖南蔡家塘、贵州雷公山和重庆铁山坪3个小流域长年大气降水及森林穿透水的监测数据为基础,对三地的大气降水和森林林冠穿透水的化学成分的分布特征进行分析研究。研究结果表明:3个地区大气降水都已出现严重的酸化现象,大气降水多年平均pH从大至小的顺序为雷公山(4.96)、蔡家塘(4.62)和铁山坪(4.12);蔡家塘与铁山坪大气降水和森林穿透水中的阴离子均以SO42-为主,阳离子以NH4+为主;蔡家塘大气降水和森林穿透水中SO42-占总离子量的26.67%和24.14%,NH4+占总离子量的31.67%和23.69%;铁山坪大气降水和森林穿透水中SO42-占总离子量的54.73%和12.26%,NH4+占到总离子量的8.92%和59.14%;雷公山大气降水中的阴离子以Cl-为主,占总离子量的16.59%;阳离子以NH4+为主,占总离子量的20.99%;森林穿透水中的阴离子以SO42-为主,占总离子量的19.83%,阳离子以K+为主,占总离子量的16.73%;3个地区森林穿透水与大气降水相比,森林穿透水中的各种离子组分都发生了富集现象,蔡家塘、雷公山、铁山坪离子总量增加量分别为2.75倍、1.79倍和4.63倍。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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