拟南芥叶色突变体ems3的基因定位

ems3是经甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变筛选得到的一拟南芥叶色突变体.通过背景纯化与遗传分析,发现ems3突变体是单基因隐性控制.利用图位克隆的方法对叶色基因EMS3进行了定位,结果表明:EMS3位于第5条染色体分子标记MHF15和MHF152之间55kb的区间内.生物信息预测,该区间包括有16个基因.这些结果为该基因的克隆及叶绿体发育过程中的功能研究奠定了基础.     

拟南芥抗油菜黑胫病突变基因的遗传分析及染色体定位

以拟南芥黑胫病感病突变体及抗病野生型为材料,对不同世代群体进行遗传分析,结果表明,该突变性状为细胞核内两对重叠作用的基因所控制,感病植株为隐性突变体,其基因型为sc1sc2.同时对突变位点sc1及sc2进行了染色体定位研究.结果证实, sc1位于1号染色体的长臂上,sc2位于2号染色体的长臂上.为进一步研究拟南芥抗病功能基因奠定了基础.     

拟南芥雄性不育突变体EC2-157基因的精细定位

通过背景纯化与遗传分析,从拟南芥雄性不育突变体中筛选到一株隐性单基因控制的雄性不育株EC2—157．细胞学观察表明,突变体的花药中不形成花粉粒．利用图位克隆的方法对不育基因ms157进行了定位,结果表明ms157位于第四条染色体上分子标记CIW7和T13K14之间285kb的区间内．目前尚未见到该区间雄性不育基因的报道,因此ms157是一个新的雄性不育基因．     

拟南芥雄性不育突变体nps的基因定位

nps是经EMS诱变筛选得到的一拟南芥雄性不育突变体．通过背景纯化与遗传分析,发现nps突变体是受隐性单基因控制．形态学观察表明,突变体的花缺失花瓣和雄蕊,主要由两轮萼片和一轮肥大的雌蕊组成．利用图位克隆的方法对不育基因NPs进行了定位,结果表明NPS位于第五条染色体上分子标记F15L12和MHJ24之间1378kb的区间内．数据库预测该区间内包含10个与花发育ABC模型相关的基因,因此,对NPS基因的研究有助于深入了解拟南芥的花发育过程与花器官形成．     

拟南芥盐敏感突变体EMS85的快速基因定位与分析

土壤盐碱化是造成农作物减产的主要原因.作者通过对拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)野生型种子Col-0进行甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变,筛选到1株盐敏感突变体EMS85.通过杂交和后代性状分离比确定该突变体的不耐盐性是受隐性单基因控制.采用图位克隆的方法,通过对拟南芥5条染色体上的SSLP标记的筛选,挑选了24对均匀分布于染色体上的SSLP标记作为基因初定位,同时设计了一系列精细定位分子标记,通过粗定位和精细定位发现,该基因位于拟南芥第5条染色体下臂的分子标记LUGSSLP847和5-13.58之间,进而测序结果表明该突变体是SOS2基因的等位突变体,突变位点为该基因1 521~1 522 bp处两碱基的缺失,造成移码突变,使SOS2基因功能丧失.本实验室建立的图位克隆体系加快了克隆基因的进程,对EMS85突变体的定位只在短短半年时间就已完成,为其他突变体的快速确定候选基因,加速基因分离进程奠定了基础.     

拟南芥雄性不育突变体ms1521的基因定位

ms1521是经EMS诱变筛选得到的一拟南芥雄性不育突变体,通过背景纯化与遗传分析,发现ms1521突变体是受隐性单基因控制,形态学观察表明：突变体的花缺失部分花瓣,雄蕊比较短,花药肥大,部分雄蕊的花药成丝状,利用图位克隆的方法对不育基因MS1521进行了定位,结果表明：MS1521位于第一条染色体分子标记F17F8Alu1和T19E23之间161kb的区间内,数据库预测,其中有11个与花发育有关的基因,试验将有助于对目的基因的克隆,控制花器官研究和雄性不育分子机制的研究。     

拟南芥RING finger结构域AtHHR1基因的功能初步研究

为了研究拟南芥基因AtHHR1(编码一个含有RING finger结构域的E3连接酶)是否参与热胁迫响应,构建了athhr1/AtHHR1互补转基因株系.对突变体、互补株系及野生型进行热胁迫处理,发现突变体的萌发率、叶绿素及脯氨酸含量高于野生型,而互补株系均低于野生型.通过real-time PCR定量检测发现,热诱导后拟南芥热信号通路中相关热激蛋白基因在突变体中表达比野生型中高.研究结果初步表明AtHHR1基因在拟南芥的热胁迫响应中起负调控作用.     

拟南芥突变体lac8-2和lac8-3的鉴定

本课题组已通过基因工程方法证实,拟南芥At5g01040的编码蛋白Lac8具有漆酶活性.本研究通过PCR扩增技术,成功筛选出Lac8基因的T-DNA插入突变体lac8-2和lac8-3的纯合子.RT-PCR分析表明,突变体中没有Lac8基因的表达.因此,lac8-2和lac8-3均可作为Lac8基因的功能缺失突变体,这为进一步研究Lac8基因在拟南芥生长发育中的功能奠定了材料基础.     

破坏ARF8基因降低拟南芥对红光的敏感性

通过ARF8基因的突变体arf8-1以及arf8-1与红光受体突变体phyB-5所组成的双突变体在红光条件下的表型鉴定,探讨ARF8参与拟南芥对红光的反应以及PhyB与ARF8在红光信号转导中的关系.结果表明,在红光条件下,arf8-1和phyB-5幼苗下胚轴的长度比相应野生型的长,倒伏度比相应野生型的低,而双突变体arf8-1 phyB-5的下胚轴的长度和倒伏度均比两个单突变体的更长和更低.上述结果说明,破坏ARF8基因降低了拟南芥对红光的敏感性,即ARF8参与了拟南芥对红光的反应,但没有介导PhyB所接收的红光信号转导.     

PARP2突变恢复parg1突变体对基因毒剂敏感表型的机理研究

蛋白质多聚ADP核糖化是一种翻译后修饰方式,拟南芥中有3个编码多聚ADP核糖化聚合酶的基因(PARP1,PARP2和PARP3)和两个编码多聚ADP核糖水解酶的基因(PARG1和PARG2),其中PARG1突变体parg1-4对基因毒剂极其敏感,为了了解PARP家族成员PARP2基因与parg1突变体表型的关系,本研究将PARP2突变体parp2-3与parg1-4杂交获得了parp2-3parg1-4双突变体,发现PARP2突变部分恢复了parg1-4对双链断裂基因毒剂zeocin和单链断裂基因毒剂MMS敏感的表型.Western blot结果显示:在zeocin和MMS处理下,parp2-3parg1-4中的PAR信号强度与parg1-4中的相比大大降低.实时荧光定量PCR结果显示:在zeocin和MMS处理下,parg1-4中响应DNA损伤的基因在胁迫初期被显著诱导,胁迫后期与细胞死亡相关的基因表达量明显高于其他基因型植物,但PARP2突变后,parp2-3parg1-4中PAR水平和损伤及死亡基因的表达量均降低,从而部分恢复了parg1-4的敏感表型.     

拟南芥温敏雄性不育突变体atms1的获得及表型分析

从甲基磺酸乙酯（ethylmethane sulfonate,EMS）化学诱变建立的野生型拟南芥（Col-0）突变体文库中筛选到1株突变体.在低温16 ℃时,该突变体的雄性育性与野生型没有显著差异,花粉染色呈现100%可育.随着培养环境温度的升高,突变体花粉育性逐渐下降,因此,该突变体为一温敏雄性不育突变体,并被命名为atms1（ambient temperature-sensory male sterility 1,即环境温度敏感雄性不育1）.花药切片结果显示,在23 ℃以下,该突变体花药各个发育时期的形态与野生型花药没有显著的差异;而27 ℃处理1周后的突变体花药呈现多种表型：同一朵花中各个花药的发育时期出现显著分化,花粉母细胞胼胝体单薄,绒毡层发育滞后于同时期的野生型花药.遗传分析确定,atms1的不育表型是由单个隐性核基因控制的.     

拟南芥雄性不育突变体 pmi1 的遗传与定位

通过甲基磺酸乙酯（简称EMS）诱变拟南芥Col－0种子获得一株隐形雄性不育突变体pollen mitosis1,pmil．遗传分析结果显示突变体为配子体遗传．细胞学观察发现突变体花粉粒发育出现异常：细胞塌陷,细胞核在单核靠边期后和花粉第一次有丝分裂（简称PMI）前的时间段发生降解．通过图位克隆方法将该基因定位在分子标记T19L18和T1D16之间,物理距离55Kb．测序分析证明这55Kb区间中的ERECTA基因的编码区在3067bp的位置发生单碱基替换,C／G变为A／T．由此说明ERECTA基因在拟南芥从单核小孢子到二细胞花粉的发育过程中起着重要作用．     

转录因子TDF1对拟南芥雄性不育突变体atms1的温敏调控机制研究

TDF1作为MYB家族的转录因子,参与了胼胝质的降解过程,并控制绒毡层的分化从而影响着花粉粒的正常发育.以一株通过甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变Col-0野生型拟南芥获得的温敏雄性不育突变体atms1(ambient temperature-sensory male sterility1)对温度敏感机制进行了研究.通过构建TDF1反义RNA表达载体,在atms1突变体背景下抑制TDF1的表达来观察突变体花粉育性的变化,发现在27℃时的atms1突变体花粉的育性得以恢复.这一结果表明在花粉发育的过程中TDF1对ATMS1m具有一定的调控作用.     

花粉愈伤组织群体偏态分离的SSR标记鉴定

利用水稻花粉育性基因S-b的SSR分子标记RMl3，鉴定籼粳稻杂种Fl的花粉愈伤组织的基因型，以确定每块愈伤组织在S-b座位的遗传来源，结果表明该座位的等位基因S^i或S^j在愈伤组织群体中分离比不符合1：1的规律，出现偏态分离现象．选择不同培养基及增加预冷处理不会改变偏态分离的方向，但预冷处理会增大偏分离的趋势．为进一步解释DH群体构建中的某些基因的偏态分离现象提供了依据，同时讨论了将SSR标记引入组织培养体系的可行性．     

Identifying neutral allele Sb at pollen-sterility loci in cultivated rice with Oryza rufipogon origin

Pollen sterility is commonly found in the intra-specific hybrids of indica and japonica rice, which is one of the main constrains for the utilization of heterosis between indica and japonica. Six loci controlling the pollen sterility of F1 between indica and japonica have been identified from previous studies. Neutral alleles at each locus are potential to overcome the F1 pollen sterility associated with the locus. Therefore, exploitation and utilization of neutral alleles are of significant importance. The present research was based on fine mapping of the F1 pollen-sterility gene Sb and the abundant genetic diversity of Oryza rufipogon Griff. indigenous to Gaozhou, Guangdong Province （referred to as Gaozhou wild rice）. Crosses were made using Taichung65 （with the genotype of Sb^jSb^j and referred to as El） and its near-isogenic line of F1 pollen sterility gene Sb（with the genotype of Sb^iSb^i, E2） as female parents, and 12 different accessions of Gaozhou wild rice as male parents. F1 pollen fertility was examined to identify the materials having the neutral alleles at the F1 pollen-sterility locus. Segregation of 4 molecular markers tightly linked with the Sb locus was analyzed in the F2 populations derived from the FlS carrying the neutral gene. The pollen fertility related to the 3 genotypes of the molecular markers was also checked by statistical test to determine whether it was consistent with the hypothesis. The results showed that the pollen fertility of two F1s from one accession of Gaozhou wild rice （GZW099） with E1 and E2 was （89.2±21.07）% and （85.65±1.05）%, respectively. Both of them were fertile and showed no significant difference by t-test. Segregation of the 3 genotypes of the 4 molecular markers followed the expected Mendelian ratio （1：2：1） in the F2 populations. There was no significant difference for the averaged pollen fertility of the plants related to the 3 genotypes, suggesting that no interaction exists between the alleles at the Sb locus in GZW099 and Taichung65 or E2. Evidentially, GZW099 carried the neutral gene （named Sb″Sb″） at the Sb locus, which provides valuable theoretical basis and resources for further studying and overcoming the sterility of indica-japonica hybrids.     

Spontaneous forward mutation versus reversion frequencies for maize Adh1 in pollen

Reliable quantitative data on spontaneous, specific gene mutation frequencies in higher plants and animals are few. Detergents include low natural frequencies and difficulty in obtaining in excess of 10(6) scorable organisms or gametophytes. The alcohol dehydrogenase-1 gene (Adh1 gene; ADH enzyme EC 1.1.1.1.), as expressed in pollen grains, is among the exceptionably suitable; much is known about the maize ADHs, Adh1 function is totally dispensible in an aerobic environment and maize pollen is a trinucleate gametophyte which expresses much of its haploid genome, including Adh1. In particular, there have been two recent methodological advances. First, I am able to cytochemically stain pollen, before or after in vitro germination, for the presence of above 5% normal ADH activity. And second, ADH1- pollen grains survive allyl alcohol (C=C-C-OH) vapour concentrations which kill ADH1+ grains; this selection scheme was developed for yeast by Megnet. My genetic resolution is approximately one mutant (Adh1+-->ADH-) per 10(7) chemically selected, viable gametophytes, and one (phenotypic) revertant (Adh1--->ADH+) per 10(8) unselected gatetophytes. In this note, I compare spontaneous forward mutant frequency with previously published revertant frequencies for one naturally occurring and six ethyl methanesulphonate-induced Adhl-deficient (Adh1-) alleles.     

Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a presenescing leaf gene psll in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

A rice psl1 （presenescing leaf） mutant was obtained from a japonica variety Zhonghua 11 via radiation of ^60Co-γ in M2 generation. Every leaf of the mutant began to wither after it reached the biggest length, while the leaves of the wild variety could keep green for 25--35 d. In this study, genetic analysis and gene mapping were carried out for the mutant identified. The SSR marker analysis showed that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene （psl1） located on chromosome 2. Fine mapping of the psl1 locus was conducted with 34 new STS markers developed around psl1 anchored region based on the sequence diversity between Nipponbare and 93-11. The psl1 was further mapped between two STS markers, STS2-19 and STS2-26, with genetic distances of 0.43 and 0.11 cM, respectively, while cosegregated with STS2-25. A BAC contig was found to span the psl1 locus, the region being delimited to 48 kb. This result was very useful for cloning of the psl1 gene.     

Morphology and mapping analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) clustered spikelets( Cl) mutant

The rice clustered spikelets (Cl) mutant exhibits a phenotype that most of branch apical have 2-3 spikelets clustered together,SEM (scanning electron microscope )observation suggested that the Cl gene controlled branch apical development,and influenced the terminal spikelets elongation,The spikelet number was reduced in mutant,indicating that Cl may also have an effect on spikelet number,To map Cl locus,two F2 mapping populations derived from the crosses between the Cl and ZhongHua11,and Cl and ZheFu802 were constructed ,respectively,The Cl locus was roughly mapped between two CAPS markers CK0214 and SS0324,A further fine mapping analysis showed that the Cl locus was mapped between makers R0674E and Cl12560,with genetic distances of 0.2 and 2.1 cM,respectively ,Then we found a PAC conting spanning Cl locus,the region was delimited to 196 kb.This results was useful for cloning of the Cl gene,Allelism test demonstrated that Cl was allelic to Cl2 another rice clustered spikelets mutant.     

Characterization and mapping of a lesion mimic mutant in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

A rice initiation-type lesion mimic mutant (lmi) was identified, which was isolated from an indica rice Zhongxian 3037 through γ radiation mutagenesis. Trypan blue staining and sterile culture revealed that the mutant spontaneously developed lesions on the leaves in a developmentally regulated and light-dependent manner. Genetic analysis indicated that the lesion mimic trait was controlled by a single resessive locus. Using public molecular markers and an F2 population derived from lmi and 93-11, we mapped the lmi locus to the short arm of chromosome 8, nearby the centromere, between two SSR markers RM547 and RM331. The genetic distance was 1.2 and 3.2 cM, respectively. Then according to the public rice genomic sequence between the two SSR markers, lmi was further finely tagged by three CAPS markers: C4135-8, C4135-9 and C4135-10. And lmi locus was a co-segregated with marker C4135-10, providing a starting point for lmi gene cloning.     

拟南芥bHLH家族转录因子DYT1在花药发育过程中调控胼胝质降解(英文)

胼胝质的合成和降解是雄配子体减数分裂过程中的一个重要特征,对后期花粉成熟有重要作用.在此研究中,分离到了一个雄性不育突变体msl57,该突变体的绒毡层分化及胼胝质降解过程出现异常,导致花粉败育.图位克隆和遗传分析表明:MSl57基因与bHLI-I家族转录因子DYTI(At4g21330)是同一基因.因此,将ms157突变体改名为dyt1-2.反式激活作用实验揭示了DYTI的激活功能域位于基因的250 ～504bp之间.通过酵母双杂交实验发现DYT1蛋白在体内可以形成同源二聚体来执行其功能.RT-PCR及定量PCR分析表明胼胝质酶相关基因A6的表达在突变体背景下严重下调.因此,DVF1通过调控胼胝质的降解来影响花药发育过程.