AZ61镁合金热压缩流变应力的实验

采用Gleeble-1500型热模拟机,对AZ61镁合金进行高温压缩实验,分析该合金在不同变形温度与应变速率条件下的压缩流变应力.研究AZ61镁合金在热变形时,流变应力与变形温度、应变速率之间的关系,并建立相应的流变应力模型.结果表明,AZ61镁合金在高温压缩变形时,当变形温度一定时,流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大;而当应变速率一定时,流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低.AZ61镁合金的热变形过程均表现出较明显的动态再结晶特征,其流变应力的变化规律主要受加工硬化和再结晶软化两者机制的共同作用.在热变形下,AZ61镁合金峰值流变应力可以用双曲正弦模型来进行较好的描述.     

AZ31镁合金的研究进展

综述了AZ31镁合金基本特征,讨论了主要合金元素对AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响、AZ31镁合金的力学性能以及AZ31镁合金的晶粒细化、超塑性的研究现状,对AZ31镁合金的发展前景进行分析,指出应加强其成形技术、镁基复合材料和AZ31镁合金基础理论的研究．     

镁合金塑性成形技术--AZ31B成形性能及流变应力

通过热模拟压缩试验研究了镁合金AZ31B在不同温度下的成形性能,获得了200～400°C温度下的镁合金变形特性和流动应力.试验结果发现,镁合金在低于200°C以下的温度范围内变形困难,发生断裂.在高于400°C时,由于镁合金极易氧化,不适合塑性加工.试验显示,镁合金塑性成形的最佳温度为250～400°C.由于镁合金在高温下的软化效应,流变应力随应变的增加而下降,提出了适合镁合金塑性成形的流变应力模型.试验结果表明,该模型适用于镁合金热变形过程的流变应力分析.     

AZ31镁合金加工图研究

采用加工图理论系统的分析了AZ31镁合金在高温变形过程中的变形行为。结果表明:AZ31镁合金在塑性变形行为过程中发生动态再结晶,温度的升高和应变速率的降低有利于动态再结晶形核的形成与长大。采用加工图理论分析AZ31镁合金高温下的塑性变形行为并至关反映变形后AZ31镁合金材料的组织演化以及性能变化规律。由加工图可知材料的最佳变形条件:压缩变形过程温度为320℃~360℃、应变速率为0.5~0.05 s-1;拉伸变形过程温度为350℃~400℃、应变速率为0.001~0.000 33 s-1.     

热轧AZ31镁合金板材高温塑性变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟系统,研究热轧的AZ31镁合金板材在应变速率0.01,0.1,1,5和10 s-1,变形温度473～723 K,预设最大变形量80%条件下的高温塑性变形行为。采用实验得到的真应力-真应变曲线,分析合金流变应力与应变速率、变形温度之间的关系,计算合金高温变形的材料参数和激活能;用Zener-Hollomon参数法建立合金高温变形的本构关系,并比较实测应力与计算得到的应力。研究结果表明:AZ31镁合金高温变形时受应变速率的影响较大,应变速率小于1 s-1时(573～723 K),合金的真应变接近100%,但当应变速率大于5 s-1时,实验温度范围内合金的真应变都小于60%。AZ31镁合金高温变形的流变应力-应变速率-变形温度的关系可用双曲正弦函数描述,激活能随应变速率和变形温度的提高,从110.4 kJ/mol升高到163.2 kJ/mol。实验获得的AZ31镁合金应力-应变本构方程的计算结果与实验结果较吻合。     

AZ31B镁合金板料热拉深性能研究

通过实验研究了成形温度对AZ31B交叉轧制镁合金板料成形性能的影响.结果表明:随着温度的升高(T≤240 ℃),镁合金板料的成形能力提高,在210～240 ℃时,AZ31B镁合金板料具有很好的拉深成形性能,为最佳成形温度范围.     

凹模温度对AZ31B镁合金板材冲压成形性能的影响

采用Nakazima半球凸模胀形法获取不同凹模温度下AZ31B镁合金板材的成形极限曲线(FLC),研究了温冲压过程中凹模温度对镁合金板材成形性能的影响.运用有限元法对等双拉试样进行热-力耦合模拟,得到不同凹模温度下的温度场,分析AZ31B镁合金板材与凹模在热传递过程中的热-力耦合关系.另外,通过试制汽车行李箱铰链支架盖板零件,验证了实际工况下凹模温度对AZ31B镁合金板材成形极限的影响.结果表明:凹模温度的降低,会显著改变AZ31B镁合金薄板成形时的温度梯度分布,造成材料成形极限的下降以及破裂位置的改变;不同凹模温度下所得FLC的模拟值与其实验值相符.     

AZ31镁合金的超塑性研究

在温度为400～440℃、应变速率为10-2～10-4 s-1的范围内研究AZ31镁合金的超塑性.结果表明,当应变速率不小于5×10-3 s-1时,AZ31镁合金的超塑性伸长率随着温度的升高而增大.对应变速率敏感指数和拉伸试样的宏观断裂特征分析表明,应变速率敏感指数是影响超塑性的主要因素.当应变速率不大于5×10-4 s-1时,AZ31镁合金在420℃时具有最大伸长率.对断裂试样的颈缩现象和断口空洞的SEM分析表明,空洞是影响超塑性的主要因素.     

镁合金板材温热成形性能

通过热模拟单拉试验,获得了AZ31镁合金板材在不同工艺条件下的真实应力应变曲线,分析了温度和应变速率对流变应力的影响.通过极限拉伸比试验,研究了轧制、退火、拉伸温度、拉伸速度、拉延间隙以及压边力等工艺因素对镁合金板材成形性能的影响.结果表明:交叉轧制和退火工艺能够显著提高镁合金板材的力学性能;在极限拉伸温度150℃、极限拉伸速度15 mm/s的工艺条件下,极限拉伸比能够达到3.0;AZ31镁合金板材适宜的拉延间隙为板厚的1.2倍.     

变形镁合金高温变形流变应力分析

AZ31B镁合金是应用最广泛的变形镁合金，研究它在高温下的流变应力对热加工过程有很大的实际意义。采用实验法研究了AZ31B镁合金高温高应变速率压缩时流变应力，结果表明镁合金在573－723K、应变速率为0.01-5s^-1进行高温压缩的情况下，变形温度和应变速率对流变应力有显著的影响，流变应力随应变速率的升高和变形温度的降低而升高，其稳态流变应力同Zener-Hollomon参数的对数之间呈线性关系。引入Zener-Hollomon参数的指数形式正确描述AZ31B镁合金热压缩变形时流变应力同变形温度和应变速率之间的关系。     

AZ31镁合金热变形过程中的流变应力

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机和UTM5305实验机上以不同的变形条件对AZ31镁合金进行高温热变形试验,研究该材料在高温热变形过程中的真应力应变。研究结果证明:在变形过程中的AZ31镁合金的真应力随应变速率增大、变形温度降低而升高。在压缩变形过程中的真应力峰值、真应变和动态再结晶与拉伸变形过程相比有明显差异;该镁合金热变形过程中的真应力为用包含Arrhenius项的Zener-Hollomon参数来描述,其压缩拉伸变形激活能分别为132.38 kJ/mol和Q=255.26 kJ/mol.     

Failure analysis of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets based on the extended GTN damage model

Based on the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model and Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion, a combined experimental-numerical study on fracture initiation in the process of thermal stamping of Mg alloy AZ31 sheets was carried out. The aim is to predict the formability of thermal stamping of the Mg alloy sheets at different temperatures. The presented theoretical framework was implemented into a VUMAT subroutine for ABAQUS/EXPLICIT. Internal damage evolution due to void growth and coalescence developed at different temperatures in the Mg alloy sheets was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the thermal effects on the void growth, coalescence, and fracture behavior of the Mg alloy sheets were analyzed by the extended GTN model and forming limit diagrams (FLD). Parameters employed in the GTN model were determined from tensile tests and numerical iterative computation. The distribution of major and minor principal strains in the specimens was determined from the numerical results. Therefore, the corresponding forming limit diagrams at different stress levels and temperatures were drawn. The comparison between the predicted forming limits and the experimental data shows a good agreement.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of cryorolled AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets with different initial textures

AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets with different strong textures were cryorolled at the liquid-nitrogen temperature to the strain of 4% and 8%. The microstructure and texture of the rolled sheets were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of the sheets were tested through in-plane uniaxial tensile tests at ambient temperature. The tensile stress was exerted in the rolling direction (RD) and transverse directions (TD). The microstructural and textural evolutions of the alloy during cryorolling were investigated. Due to active twining during rolling, the initial texture significantly influenced the microstructural and textural evolutions of the rolled sheets. A {1012} extension twin was found as the dominated twin-type in the cryorolled samples. After cryogenic rolling, the ductility of the samples decreased while the strength increased. Twinning also played an important role in explaining the mechanical differences between the rolled samples with different initial textures. The samples were significantly strengthened by the high stored energy accumulated from cryorolling.     

Effects of ultrasonic vibration on plastic deformation of AZ31 during the tensile process

An investigation on the plastic behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy under ultrasonic vibration (with a frequency of 15 kHz and a maximum output of 2 kW) during the process of tension at room temperature was conducted to reveal the volume effect of the vibrated plastic deformation of AZ31. The characteristics of mechanical properties and microstructures of AZ31 under routine and vibrated tensile processes with different amplitudes were compared. It is found that ultrasonic vibration has a remarkable influence on the plastic behavior of AZ31 which can be summarized into two opposite aspects: the softening effect which reduces the flow resistance and improves the plasticity, and the hardening effect which decreases the formability. When a lower amplitude or vibration energy is applied to the tensile sample, the softening effect dominates, leading to a decrease of AZ31 deformation resistance with an increase of formability. Under the application of a high-vibrating amplitude, the hardening effect dominates, resulting in the decline of plasticity and brittle fracture of the samples.     

预处理对高应变速率轧制镁合金板材组织均匀性和力学性能的影响

传统的镁合金板材加工技术存在生产效率低、成本偏高和成形性能不够理想等局限.本论文采用高应变速率轧制对AZ31镁合金进行轧制,对比研究了两种预处理方法对板材组织性能的影响.结果表明,高应变速率轧制是获得具有细小晶粒组织和良好综合力学性能的镁合金板材的有效手段.经过预变形+均匀化的预处理,高应变速率轧制板材的组织均匀性得到...     

消失模铸造AZ91镁合金材料特性

对消失模铸造AZ91镁合金的表面成分进行了测定和分析,研究表明,在消失模铸造镁合金表面形成了复杂的MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-无定型C粒子等组成的薄膜.由于该薄膜的存在,铸件的耐腐蚀能力与普通重力铸造或其他铸造方法得到的镁合金铸件相比有较大提高.同时对消失模铸造镁合金的力学性能的变化进行了研究,发现消失模铸造条件下的AZ91镁合金拉伸性能比金属型、石墨型铸造的低,比树脂砂型的略高.并通过进行热处理强化,消失模铸造镁合金的抗拉强度、硬度和延伸率大大提高,其中高温时效对于提高合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度及加工硬化率非常有效.     

Mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution for extruded AZ31 sheet under side direction strain

AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were prepared by a conventional extrusion (CE) and a novel integrated extrusion with side direction strain (SE). The microstructure characterizations, crystallographic texture and mechanical property tests were carried out and compared between the extruded Mg alloy sheets processed by CE and SE. The results indicated that the SE sheets exhibited an excellent combination of strength and ductility. To reveal the side strain effect, the finite element model was employed to investigate the effective stress and strain behavior of the AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets during CE and SE processes. It was found that the SE process was effective in weakening the stress and strain concentration. This implied that it developed an additional side direction strain through the sheet thickness during the hot extrusion. Meanwhile, the side strain shear paths could promote the local accumulation of dynamically recrystallized grains and increase the random high-angle boundaries to achieve weak (0002) basal texture. Important factors including the side strain path and extrusion parameters need to be taken into account to understand the deformation mechanism and microstructure evolution.     

镁合金板材温热冲压成形热力耦合数值模拟

采用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机进行单向拉伸试验,获取了材料的力学性能参数,分析了AZ31镁合金板材的力学性能特点.采用热力耦合技术对镁合金板材温热冲压过程中的温度场进行了数值模拟,研究了冲压过程中温度场的分布规律,并对差温拉延工艺进行了分析.结果表明:差温拉延工艺可以提高镁合金板材的温热成形性能;采用热力耦合技术的数值模拟更能反映AZ31镁合金板材的温度敏感特性.     

球磨对固态再生AZ31组织性能的影响

将AZ31镁屑料作为原材料,经过球磨,以25：1挤压比,370℃下热挤压制备出了氧化镁弥散强化的镁合金材料。与传统的直接热挤压相比,球磨显著细化了镁屑料;在热挤压后,消除了直接热挤压材料中存在的氧化镁团聚现象,氧化镁颗粒均匀分布在基体中,提高了材料抗拉性能。