冷却速率对Zr基块体非晶合金塑性变形能力的影响

研究了Zr65Cu17.5Ni40Al7.5块体非晶合金制备过程中合金熔体的冷却速率对合金室温塑性变形能力的影响．对φ2mm铸态Zr65Cu17.5Ni40Al7.5非晶合金及由φ3mm和φ4mm铸态非晶合金经车削加工获得的φ2mm试样的室温压缩变形行为进行了研究,结果表明这些合金表现出不同的塑性变形能力．压缩塑性应变随着铸态块体非晶合金直径的增大而减小,即随冷却速率的增大而增大．由此可知,快速凝固过程中冷却速率的大小决定了块体非晶合金中自由体积含量的多少,对非晶合金的塑性变形能力具有重要影响．     

大块非晶合金塑性变形本构模型的研究进展

与常规材料相比,大块非晶合金具有优越的使用性能,但其在室温下难以成形。利用过冷液相区的特性,大块非晶合金可以获得优异的成形性能。作为描述非晶合金变形过程的重要手段,非晶合金的本构模型是利用数值模拟研究非晶合金变形必不可少的条件之一。通过建立本构模型来研究非晶合金的塑性变形行为及成形性能,已经得到国内外学者的广泛关注,但目前尚无统一的理论。由于非晶合金的结构具有长程无序的特点,用于解释晶体塑性变形的位错理论不适用于解释非晶合金的塑性变形。对近年来国内外学者在大块非晶合金塑性变形本构模型方面的研究进行了全面的的总结,并简要分析了其局限性及发展趋势。     

轧制塑性变形对Zr65Al7.5Cu12.5Ni10Ag5非晶合金力学性能的影响

采用维氏显微硬度仪、扫描电子显微镜对铸态、轧制态Zr₆₅Al_7.5Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Ag₅非晶合金的硬度及剪切带形貌进行了研究,并对轧制变形量与合金的力学性能之间的关系进行了分析。结果发现,在室温轧制条件下,该合金最大变形量达到了95%;铸态试样的半圆形剪切带规律、平滑,随着轧制变形量的增加剪切带形貌变得越来越混乱,合金的硬度总体呈下降趋势。     

轧制对Zr60Al15Ni25块体非晶合金晶化动力学的影响

通过线性DSC实验研究了轧制对Zr60Al15Ni25大块非晶合金晶化动力学的影响。实验结果表明,Zr60Al15Ni25非晶合金在轧制塑性变形过程中,随着变形量的增加,热稳定性降低。Zr60Al15Ni25块体非晶合金轧制后原子组态的变化主要影响晶化的形核阶段,变形量较低时(20%)合金原子组态向无序方向发展,导致晶化速率变慢,晶化变得比较困难。随着轧制的进一步增加,合金原子的无序性降低,晶化速率又逐渐提高,从而使其在随后加热过程中的晶化变得比较容易。     

成分调制对锆基块体非晶合金力学性能的影响

研究了Zr-Al-Ni-Cu块体非晶合金中Zr元素含量变化对合金力学性能的影响.利用X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜表征合金的结构;利用差示扫描量热仪研究非晶合金的热学性能;采用万能试验机测试材料的压缩力学性能;采用扫描电子显微镜观察压缩变形后试样的剪切带形貌.研究结果表明:随着Zr元素的摩尔分数从66%增加到70%,压缩塑性变形量从3%提高到11%,合金表面的剪切带密度明显增大,非晶合金的塑性变形能力提高.随着Zr元素含量的增加,非晶合金的弛豫热明显增大,自由体积含量增多,有利于多重剪切带的形成,从而增大了合金的塑性变形能力.     

镁合金大压下轧制变形区内的微观组织变化

通过对定向凝固镁合金板材单道次大压下(50%)轧制变形区内微观组织形貌的观察,以及数值模拟得到的等效应变、静水压力、剪切应力在变形区内的分布情况,分析了镁合金变形机制与变形区内应力应变状态之间关系。实验结果表明:镁合金的变形机制随着剪切应力的增加而从以滑移为主逐渐转化为以孪生为主。随着静水压力的增大,孪晶变细,间距变小,静水压力阻碍了晶间变形。等效应变与孪生变形程度在变形区内的分布趋势一致。在厚度方向上,孪晶密度从表面到中心逐渐减小。     

Zr基非晶合金准静态压缩下的多重剪切带行为

利用IUTM和SEM研究了Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu块状非晶合金的准静态单轴压缩变形和断裂行为. 研究表明:该合金的室温压缩变形过程主要表现为弹性和塑性变形,塑性变形阶段没有加工硬化现象. 在准静态压缩条件下Zr基非晶合金表现出多重剪切效应,提高了塑性. 微观研究证明,剪切带的滑移分枝与相互交叉是非晶合金塑性提高的主要机制. 沿着剪切带发现了微空洞和微裂纹,剪切带的形成与自由体积的合并有关. 塑性变形过程中形成脉纹状断口形貌,受力状态的不同脉状花纹表现为不同的形式.     

异步轧制铜/铝双金属复合板变形行为的研究

采用异步轧制复合工艺制备了铜/铝双金属复合板,分析了轧制工艺参数对复合板变形行为的影响,结合轧制变形区金属受力状态探讨了复合过程中的金属变形及流动规律.结果表明:异步轧制变形区内界面摩擦剪切作用直接影响母材的受力状态,共同变形区内双金属间的搓轧作用对金属流动及结合效果影响最大.异步速比越大,硬质金属变形越大.总压下率增大时,组元金属压下率均呈正比关系增加,且软、硬两种金属的压下率差值越来越小.     

高速轧机工作界面非稳态润滑过程界面动力学特性

综合运用轧制理论、流体力学理论、摩擦润滑理论,建立考虑非稳态润滑过程轧机系统力学模型.该模型综合运用界面摩擦模型、轧制力、轧制力矩模型、流体动力润滑模型构成的多重耦合模型,定量分析高速轧机工作界面非稳态润滑过程界面动力学特性.研究结果表明:对于较小的压下率,摩擦应力很小,摩擦应力最大值发生在入口和出口的边缘处,并且在较小的压下率下油膜压应力变化非常小;在较大的张应力条件下,工作区压应力低,油膜剪切应力小,压力梯度也相当小;摩擦应力在入口和出口边缘达到最大;随着张应力的减小,油膜压力增大,剪切应力增大更快,最终达到了润滑油抗剪强度;在全膜润滑或者表面粗糙度很小的情况下,轧制力的平均值和轧制力变化的幅度随着压下率的增加而增加,轧制力的最小值几乎一样,不受表面粗糙度和压下率变化的影响;轧制力矩的变化趋势和轧制力的变化非常相似,然而对于带材表面粗糙度很大的轧制过程,轧制力矩的变化幅度比轧制力的变化小.     

铸态镁合金大压下轧制对组织和边裂的影响

主要研究了道次压下率和轧制道次数对AZ31B扁锭坯大压下轧制所制备板材边裂以及微观组织的影响.轧制工艺为350℃下两道次或四道次大压下轧制.金相观察、边裂统计和XRD织构分析表明:当总压下率达到37%时,轧板开始出现边裂;并且裂纹深度随着压下率的增大而增加.随着压下率的增加,孪晶明显增多.当总压下率达到54%时,大部分区域已完成再结晶;进一步增大压下率,组织中出现变形局域化现象;当总压下率为82%,轧制道次增多时,边裂出现一定程度减弱,同时基面织构分布由双峰变为单峰.     

Super-plasticity of Zr<Subscript>64.80</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>14.85</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>10.35</Subscript>Al<Subscript>10</Subscript> bulk metallic glass at room temperature

Generally, bulk metallic glasses （BMGs） exhibit a very limited plastic deformation under a compression load at room temperature, often less than 2% before fracturing. In this letter, through an appropriate choice of BMGs＇ composition, an amorphous rod of Zr64.80Cu14.85Ni10.35Al10 with a diameter of 2 mm was prepared by using copper mold suction casting. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were utilized to determine its structure and thermal stability, and the uniaxial compression test was adopted to study its plastic deformation behavior at room temperature simultaneously. The results showed that the glass transition temperature and onset temperature of the exothermic reaction of the amorphous rod were 646 and 750 K, respectively, and its micro-hardness was 594.7 Hv. During compression, when the engineering strain and engineering stress arrived at 9.05% and 1732 MPa, respectively, i.e., the true strain and true stress reached 9.42% and 1560 MPa, respectively, the amorphous rod started to yield. After yielding, with the increase of load, the strain increased and the glass rod ulti- mately were compressed into flake-like form. Although the maximum engineering strain was larger than 70%, i.e., the maximum true strain exceeded by 120%, the amorphous specimen was not fractured, indicating that it has super-plasticity at room temperature. Through the appropriate choice of composition and optimization of the technological process, flexible BMG with super-plasticity at room temperature could be produced.     

Deformation behavior during nanoindentation in Ce-based bulk metallic glasses

Recently, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have at- tracted a great deal of attention due to their extremely high strength, improved wear resistance and excellent corrosion resistance[1-7]. However, it is known that their structural applications are currently…     

Room temperature plastic deformation behavior of ZrCuNiAl bulk metallic glasses

The Zr_62.55Cu_17.55Ni_9.9Al₁₀ bulk metallic glass (BMG) was prepared by using copper-mold suction-casting. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were utilized to determine its structure and thermal stability. Uniaxial compression and Rockwell indentation tests were adopted to study the plastic deformation behavior at room temperature. The results show that the glass transition temperature and the onset temperature of exothermic reaction of the BMG are 651.5 and 748 K, respectively. During the compression test, the BMGs undergo an engineering strain of about 2.5%, i.e., true strain of 2.8%, and then fracture. The BMGs deform via the formation and propagation of shear bands. Under indentation loading, the BMGs deform through the formation of radiation-like and circular shear bands. The circular shear bands form earlier than the radiation-like ones. The formation mechanism of shear bands in the BMGs was analyzed and discussed.     

Zr基与Ti基非晶合金的不同划痕变形行为

采用痕法研究了Zr47.9Ti0.3Ni3.1Cu39.3Al9.4与Ti40Zr25Be30Cr5两种非晶合金的塑性变特征,考查了载荷与痕速度对塑性变特征的影响.结果表明两种铸态非晶合金样品的剪切带表现出同的特征：Ti非晶合金在痕两侧剪切带现分枝特征,随着载荷和痕速度的增加,出现多重分枝和混乱分特征;而Zr非晶合金的剪切带特征以一次剪切带为主,随载荷和痕速度增加,剪切带特征向单一、平滑趋势转变.进一研究了弛豫对Zr非晶合金痕变特征的影响,发现弛豫使Zr非晶合金剪切带向分枝特征转变.从自由体积观点探讨了两种合金中同剪切带特征的和演制.     

Molecular dynamics simulation and continuum modelling of granular surface flow in rotating drums

Numerical simulations of granular flows in rotating drums operated at medium to high rates (Fr=0.1― 0.2) have been carried out by using a Molecular Dynamics (MD) algorithm that incorporates inelastic particle interactions, sliding friction and rolling friction. The results indicate that the behavior of granular flow in rotating drums can be classified into two distinct zones: a shear active layer at the bed surface and a quasi-static plug flow region adjacent to the wall. The residence time of a tracer particle in the active layer is approximately a third or a half of that in the plug flow region. The thickness of the active layer at mid-chord is about 0.57―0.61 times that of the plug flow region. It is found that all cases simulated in this work are in the rolling-cascading intermediate regime instead of the pure rolling re-gime. The simulated tangential velocity at the mid-chord is also compared with experimental results reported in the literature and good agreement has been obtained. Based on the MD simulations and experimental results, a continuum approach has also been developed. It is shown that the behavior of granular solids in the plug flow region experiences plastic deformation along the radial direction from the wall with the velocity profiles well described by an exponential function, whereas the active layer velocity follows a simple expression for the Couette shear flow. Discussion has also been made on the granular temperature and concentration profiles.     

大塑性变形过程中IF钢的组织演变

在室温下,使用半连续等通道挤压法对单块IF钢试样进行重复大变形实验,通过电子背散射衍射方法,对在此晶粒细化过程中的材料组织进行了分析讨论.结果表明,在不同挤压道次中组织变形主要发生在沿两通道连接的剪切面上,且材料由切应变产生塑性变形,挤压后的试样组织在横截面上应力保持一致;随着应变的增加,材料的组织细化不断加强;10道次后,最终的大角度晶界(HAB)占总数的90%左右,同时大角度晶界的间隙减少到1μm左右,试样的平均晶粒尺寸达到055μm左右.     

白铜管行星轧制及拉拔过程塑性变形研究

针对白铜BFe10-1-1(简称 B10)冷凝管存在的变形困难问题,对其行星轧制及拉拔过程的塑性变形规律进行了研究.通过在行星轧机和凸轮二串联拉拔机上的实验,研究了管坯的偏心率、微观组织、力学性能及临界分切应力.结果表明:行星轧制后的B10管坯偏心率优于挤压管坯;B10管材行星轧制、拉拨加工过程中,固溶强化是引起强度、...     

Microstructure and finite element analysis of hot continuous rolling of doped tungsten rod

The microstructures of doped tungsten deformed by multi-pass hot continuous rolling were investigated, and the stress and strain fields were simulated by finite element(FE) method. After the continuous rolling, the grains of the tungsten rod were refined, and the microhardness was improved; however, a ring region of abnormal grain growth was present at a distance of about 3/5 R(R is the radius of the rod) from the center of the cross section. FE modeling results showed that the equivalent residual strains were minimum around the region of abnormal grain growth; this was due to the release of strain energy by severe plastic deformation, leading a situation where the migration force of grain boundaries was higher than the pinning force of potassium bubbles. By decreasing the initial rolling temperature and rolling speeds, the inhomogeneity of the equivalent residual stain decreased, improving the microstructure uniformity of the doped tungsten.     

棒材切分轧制过程中三维弹塑性有限元模拟

采用三维弹塑性有限元法对棒钢三线切分轧制过程的金属变形区进行了模拟。通过建立数学模型和计算，对切分轧件的变形特征、应力与应变进行了分析，提出了预切孔金属流动变形的稳定性问题。如果预切孔内轧件的变形过大，切分楔附近的金属网格发生了很大的扭曲畸变，造成变形不均匀和金属的流动不稳定。根据模拟分析的结果，设计了直径为Φ12mm带肋钢筋的三线切分孔型系统，轧制生产实验结果表明：采用优化的新切分孔型系统进行生产，提高了轧机的生产率，改善了产品质量。