基于磁致伸缩效应的管道检测纵向导波模型

基于铁磁性材料在磁场作用下具有的磁、力学特性，推导了磁致伸缩无损检测技术在管道中检测导波模型．在静态偏置磁场和通过传感器激励线圈交变电流形成的交变磁场作用下，管道中产生弹性导波，由弹性导波运动方程，推导其位移表达式，由位移求出应变．根据逆磁致伸缩效应，应变导致磁感应强度的变化，其变化引起穿过接收线圈磁通量的改变从而推导出感应电压表达式．由此建立了作用在激励传感器线圈上的电流与接收传感器输出电压之间的定量关系，为磁致伸缩效应用于无损检测提供了检测理论和技术手段．     

Mesoscopic superconductor as a ballistic quantum switch.

Several key experiments have revealed a rich variety of vortex structures in mesoscopic superconductors in which only a few quanta of magnetic flux are trapped: these structures are polygon-like vortex 'molecules' and multi-quanta giant vortices. Ginzburg-Landau calculations confirmed second-order phase transitions between the giant vortex states and stable molecule-like configurations. Here we study theoretically the electronic structure and the related phase-coherent transport properties of such mesoscopic superconductor systems. The quasiparticle excitations in the vortices form coherent quantum-mechanical states that offer the possibility of controlling the phase-coherent transport through the sample by changing the number of trapped flux quanta and their configuration. The sample conductance measured in the direction of the applied magnetic field is determined by the transparency of multi-vortex configurations, which form a set of quantum channels. The transmission coefficient for each channel is controlled by multiple Andreev reflections within the vortex cores and at the sample edge. These interference phenomena result in a stepwise behaviour of the conductance as a function of the applied magnetic field, and we propose to exploit this effect to realize a vortex-based quantum switch where the magnetic field plays the role of the gate voltage.     

An intrinsic velocity-independent criterion for superfluid turbulence

Hydrodynamic flow in classical and quantum fluids can be either laminar or turbulent. Vorticity in turbulent flow is often modelled with vortex filaments. While this represents an idealization in classical fluids, vortices are topologically stable quantized objects in superfluids. Superfluid turbulence is therefore thought to be important for the understanding of turbulence more generally. The fermionic 3He superfluids are attractive systems to study because their characteristics vary widely over the experimentally accessible temperature regime. Here we report nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and numerical simulations indicating the existence of sharp transition to turbulence in the B phase of superfluid 3He. Above 0.60T(c) (where T(c) is the transition temperature for superfluidity) the hydrodynamics are regular, while below this temperature we see turbulent behaviour. The transition is insensitive to the fluid velocity, in striking contrast to current textbook knowledge of turbulence. Rather, it is controlled by an intrinsic parameter of the superfluid: the mutual friction between the normal and superfluid components of the flow, which causes damping of the vortex motion.     

二维浅水流动的涡运动学特性及动力学特征

建立了二维浅水流动的旋涡诱导速度公式，在已知旋涡场和胀量场时，由该表达式可确定流动速度场，对比分析了二维浅水流动中的涡运动与可压缩流动中涡运动的异同点。     

Two coexisting vortex phases in the peak effect regime in a superconductor

The critical current in the vortex phase of a type-II superconductor such as NbSe2 displays a striking anomaly in the vicinity of the superconductor-to-normal-metal transition. Instead of going to zero smoothly, it rebounds to a sharp and pronounced maximum, just before vanishing at the transition. This counter-intuitive phenomenon, known as the peak effect, has remained an unsolved problem for 40 years. Here we use a scanning a.c. Hall microscope to visualize the real-space distribution of the critical current in NbSe2. We show that in the peak-effect regime two distinct vortex-matter phases with intrinsically different pinning strengths coexist on a macroscopic scale. The composition of the two-phase mixture and the transformation of one phase into another are responsible for the history effects and anomalous voltage response commonly seen when external parameters such as temperature, magnetic field or transport current are varied. We argue that the observed phase coexistence is, in fact, the hallmark of a disorder-driven non-thermal phase transition.     

A Bragg glass phase in the vortex lattice of a type II superconductor

Although crystals are usually quite stable, they are sensitive to a disordered environment: even an infinitesimal amount of impurities can lead to the destruction of crystalline order. The resulting state of matter has been a long-standing puzzle. Until recently it was believed to be an amorphous state in which the crystal would break into 'crystallites'. But a different theory predicts the existence of a novel phase of matter: the so-called Bragg glass, which is a glass and yet nearly as ordered as a perfect crystal. The 'lattice' of vortices that contain magnetic flux in type II superconductors provide a good system to investigate these ideas. Here we show that neutron-diffraction data of the vortex lattice provides unambiguous evidence for a weak, power-law decay of the crystalline order characteristic of a Bragg glass. The theory also predicts accurately the electrical transport properties of superconductors; it naturally explains the observed phase transitions and the dramatic jumps in the critical current associated with the melting of the Bragg glass. Moreover, the model explains experiments as diverse as X-ray scattering in disordered liquid crystals and the conductivity of electronic crystals.     

基于自适应迭代学习算法的FNS肢体运动控制

首先介绍FNS系统的构成及工作原理,针对肢体肌肉的非线性时变性,建立了带反馈控制器的迭代学习控制算法,即复合控制器。曩后利用FNS肢体运动控制平台,采用复合控制算法,对人体曲肘和曲腕运动时的关节运动(角位移)轨迹进行了临床实验研究。结果表明,采用该算法,不仅改善了FNS系统的跟踪性能,而且肢体运动轨迹稳定、平滑,受试者无任何不良生理反应,具有较强的自适应性。     

横向有限应变对张力腿平台空间涡激振动响应的影响

为研究张力腿平台的动力响应问题,基于Hamilton原理,根据克希霍夫假设以及拉格朗日函数,得到张力腿海洋平台空间运动的运动方程和边界条件,运用有限差分法对运动方程和边界条件进行离散,最终采用吉尔法求解微分方程组.采用半经验Morison公式模拟流体力的作用,在不同水流流速作用和涡旋脱落载荷共同作用下,比较了横向有限应变对空间涡激振动响应的影响.计算结果表明:当涡旋脱落频率接近结构的固有频率时,横向有限应变对涡旋脱落载荷作用方向的横向位移响应将产生较明显的影响,可产生超过30%的偏差.然而,即使在涡旋脱落频率不靠近结构的固有频率时,横向有限应变对水流作用方向的横向位移响应和轴向位移响应都有很大的影响,可产生100%以上的偏差.     

Supercooled liquids and the glass transition

Glasses are disordered materials that lack the periodicity of crystals but behave mechanically like solids. The most common way of making a glass is by cooling a viscous liquid fast enough to avoid crystallization. Although this route to the vitreous state-supercooling-has been known for millennia, the molecular processes by which liquids acquire amorphous rigidity upon cooling are not fully understood. Here we discuss current theoretical knowledge of the manner in which intermolecular forces give rise to complex behaviour in supercooled liquids and glasses. An intriguing aspect of this behaviour is the apparent connection between dynamics and thermodynamics. The multidimensional potential energy surface as a function of particle coordinates (the energy landscape) offers a convenient viewpoint for the analysis and interpretation of supercooling and glass-formation phenomena. That much of this analysis is at present largely qualitative reflects the fact that precise computations of how viscous liquids sample their landscape have become possible only recently.     

Minority spin condensate in the spin-polarized superfluid 3He A1 phase

The magnetic properties of (3)He in its various phases originate from the interactions among the nuclear spins. The spin-polarized 'ferromagnetic' superfluid (3)He A(1) phase (which forms below 3 mK between two transition temperatures, T(c1) and T(c2), in an external magnetic field) serves as a material in which theories of fundamental magnetic processes and macroscopic quantum spin phenomena may be tested. Conventionally, the superfluid component of the A(1) phase is understood to contain only the majority spin condensate, having energetically favoured paired spins directed along the external field and no minority spin condensate having paired spins in the opposite direction. Because of difficulties in satisfying both the ultralow temperature and high magnetic field required to produce a substantial phase space, there exist few studies of spin dynamics phenomena that could be used to test the conventional view of the A(1) phase. Here we develop a mechanical spin density detector that operates in the required regime, enabling us to perform measurements of spin relaxation in the A(1) phase as a function of temperature, pressure and magnetic field. Our mechanical spin detector is based in principle on the magnetic fountain effect; spin-polarized superfluid motion can be induced both magnetically and mechanically, and we demonstrate the feasibility of increasing spin polarization by a mechanical spin filtering process. In the high temperature range of the A(1) phase near T(c1), the measured spin relaxation time is long, as expected. Unexpectedly, the spin relaxation rate increases rapidly as the temperature is decreased towards T(c2). Our measurements, together with Leggett-Takagi theory, demonstrate that a minute presence of minority spin pairs is responsible for this unexpected spin relaxation behaviour. Thus, the long-held conventional view that the A(1) phase contains only the majority spin condensate is inadequate.     

半潜式浮式风机平台绕流力学特性与尾流分析

柱体绕流是海洋工程领域的重要问题.流体绕经海洋平台所产生的周期性涡脱会造成平台往复运动,这将加剧平台系泊结构疲劳损伤,降低结构疲劳寿命.为研究多柱式浮式风机平台绕流的力学特性,厘清尾流之间的干扰机理,采用Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation(DDES)方法分析了半潜式浮式风机平台在不同来流角和流速下的力学特性,从相干结构层面研究了尾流干扰机理,并分析了立柱尾流之间的空间相关性.结果表明:下游立柱的阻力系数平均值随流速变化而有较大波动;流场相干结构以流向涡和发夹涡为主;相干结构之间的相互作用是导致尾流干扰的原因;上下游立柱尾流具有不同的相干结构,但两者仍有较强的空间相关性.研究结果可为深入理解多柱式海洋平台绕流现象提供理论参考.     

水平盘旋转子参数对滚动轴承系统非线性振动影响

以双盘转子-滚动轴承系统为模型,利用有限元法建立了动力学方程,并以数值方法为手段得到转子系统振动响应,分析了机动载荷、偏心对转子系统非线性振动及分岔特性的影响,为研究更加符合实际的复杂工况耦合故障的转子动力学系统提供理论指导.研究结果表明:在水平盘旋机动飞行下,在二倍临界转速附近系统产生丰富的非线性动力学现象;随着机动载荷的增加,主共振转速提高,并且在转速区间内系统的振动形式更多趋于稳定的单周期运动.水平盘旋下,转子系统不仅能发生1/2亚谐共振,在某些参数下还产生了一些低频振动.     

Magnetic vortex core reversal by excitation with short bursts of an alternating field

The vortex state, characterized by a curling magnetization, is one of the equilibrium configurations of soft magnetic materials and occurs in thin ferromagnetic square and disk-shaped elements of micrometre size and below. The interplay between the magnetostatic and the exchange energy favours an in-plane, closed flux domain structure. This curling magnetization turns out of the plane at the centre of the vortex structure, in an area with a radius of about 10 nanometres--the vortex core. The vortex state has a specific excitation mode: the in-plane gyration of the vortex structure about its equilibrium position. The sense of gyration is determined by the vortex core polarization. Here we report on the controlled manipulation of the vortex core polarization by excitation with small bursts of an alternating magnetic field. The vortex motion was imaged by time-resolved scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. We demonstrate that the sense of gyration of the vortex structure can be reversed by applying short bursts of the sinusoidal excitation field with amplitude of about 1.5 mT. This reversal unambiguously indicates a switching of the out-of-plane core polarization. The observed switching mechanism, which can be understood in the framework of micromagnetic theory, gives insights into basic magnetization dynamics and their possible application in data storage.     

肥胖儿童间歇性周期运动下的心肺耐力反应建模分析

当前对肥胖儿童间歇性周期运动下的心肺耐力反应建模分析方法,一般是在运动形式保持不变的情况下,搭建二维动态建模,无法准确给出间歇性周期运动对肥胖儿童的重要性,建模分析准确性较低,且有效性与实用性差。因此,提出准确性和有效性较高的肥胖儿童间歇性周期运动下的心肺耐力反应三维建模分析方法,利用该方法,在不同运动形式的情况下,对肥胖儿童间歇性周期运动下的心率、肺活量指数和最大摄氧量进行三维动态建模,给出三维动态建模分析式,确定间歇性周期运动对肥胖儿童心肺健康的重要性。实验通过对比分析方式,证明所提方法拥有较高的建模分析准确性和有效性。     

Mutual phase-locking of microwave spin torque nano-oscillators

The spin torque effect that occurs in nanometre-scale magnetic multilayer devices can be used to generate steady-state microwave signals in response to a d.c. electrical current. This establishes a new functionality for magneto-electronic structures that are more commonly used as magnetic field sensors and magnetic memory elements. The microwave power emitted from a single spin torque nano-oscillator (STNO) is at present typically less than 1 nW. To achieve a more useful power level (on the order of microwatts), a device could consist of an array of phase coherent STNOs, in a manner analogous to arrays of Josephson junctions and larger semiconductor oscillators. Here we show that two STNOs in close proximity mutually phase-lock-that is, they synchronize, which is a general tendency of interacting nonlinear oscillator systems. The phase-locked state is distinct, characterized by a sudden narrowing of signal linewidth and an increase in power due to the coherence of the individual oscillators. Arrays of phase-locked STNOs could be used as nanometre-scale reference oscillators. Furthermore, phase control of array elements (phased array) could lead to nanometre-scale directional transmitters and receivers for wireless communications.     

格点能量变化时离散晶格中荷电粒子在任意含时电场作用下的运动

本文研究了当格点能量变化时一维键上的带电粒子在任意含时电场作用下的运动,给出了动量空间的普遍的形式解,并就静电场的情形讨论了粒子在动量空间的局域性问题.     

Unsupervised person re-identification based on removal of camera bias and dynamic updating of the memory bank

In recent years, unsupervised person reidentification technology has made great strides. The technology retrieves images of interested persons under different cameras from massive repositories of unlabeled images. However, in the current research, there are some existing problems, such as the influence of pedestrians appearing across cameras and pseudo-label noise. To solve these problems, we conduct research in two ways: removing the camera bias and dynamically updating the memory model. In removing the camera bias, based on a learnable channel attention module, the features that are only related to cameras can be extracted from the feature map, thereby removing the camera bias in the global features and obtaining the features that can represent the pedestrians. In regards to dynamically updating the memory model, since the instance features do not necessarily belong to the identity represented by the pseudo-label, we adopt a method to update the memory dynamically according to the distance between the instance features and the category features so that the category features tend to be true. We combine the removal of the camera bias and the dynamic updating of the memory model to better solve problems in this field. Extensive experimentation demonstrates the superiority of our method over the state-of-the-art approaches on fully unsupervised Re-ID tasks.     

悬浮隧道管体运动对锚索涡激振动的影响规律

根据锚索式悬浮隧道的运动特性,假设锚索是两端铰接的非线性梁模型,并将管体运动简化为两自由度的质点运动,将其视作一种参数激励。考虑锚索长期处于海流环境下,其顺流向涡激力和管体横荡运动方向一致,锚索的运动响应可能会产生明显变化。建立锚索的非线性顺流向涡激振动方程,并通过Galerkin方法和Runge-Kutta方法对该方程进行求解,选取典型悬浮隧道的结构进行数值分析,结果表明：在锚索前三阶模态中,相比于一阶模态幅值,二阶和三阶模态幅值是一个很小的量,可以忽略不计;参数激励可以使锚索更快进入稳定状态,且对振动幅值的增加有显著影响;参数激励对顺流向涡激振动的影响程度与锚索顶端的端部激励幅值和频率有关。     

Chaotic Motion of Corrugated Circular Plates

Large deflection theory of thin anisotropic circular plates was used to analyze the bifurcation behavior and chaotic phenomena of a corrugated thin circular plate with combined transverse periodic excitation and an in-plane static boundary load. The nonlinear dynamic equation for the corrugated plate was derived by employing Galerkin's technique. The critical conditions for occurrence of the homoclinic and subharmonic bifurcations as well as chaos were studied theoretically using the Melnikov function method. The chaotic motion was also simulated numerically using Maple, with the Poincaré map and phase curve used to evaluate when chaotic motion appears. The results indicate some chaotic motion in the corrugated plate. The method is directly applicable to chaotic analysis of an isotropic circular plate.     

超临界雷诺数下圆柱分离旋涡运动的数值研究

本文在文献[1]的基础上,用离散涡模型与湍流边界层理论相结合的方法,研究了超临界雷诺数下圆柱突然起动后的分离旋涡运动。文中考虑了二次涡的影响和涡旋的粘性扩散。计算结果与实验结果相符。