一类绿色表面活性剂的合成与性能

该文以多种脂肪醇醚AEO3、AEO4、AEO7和AEO9合成了相应的脂肪醇醚羧酸钠产品AE3C、AE4C、AE7C和AE9C。实验发现,采用无机碱时,合成的优化工艺条件为：反应物摩尔比n(脂肪醇醚)：n(氯乙酸)=1：1．3,反应温度为100℃,反应时间11h,质量产率可达95．4％。测定了产品的表面化学性能和应用性能。AEC与非离子表面活性剂AEO7的表面张力相当,但AEC的临界胶束浓度远大于AEO7,AEC的胶束聚集数远小于AEO7。随着环氧乙烷数量的增加,AEC的发泡力和去污力随之增加,乳化力、润湿力则随之减弱。     

脂肪醇聚醚磺酸盐水溶液与烷烃之间界面张力研究

测定了30℃时不同条件下脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐(AES系列)和脂肪醇聚氧丙烯醚磺酸盐(APS系列)与正辛烷、正癸烷和正十二烷之间的界面张力.结果表明:APS比AES具有更好的界面活性,用HLB值基团计算法证明了这一结论;疏水基链长的APS对于长链烷烃有较好的选择性,疏水基链短的APS对于链较短的烷烃有较好的选择性;同一表面活性剂溶液的最佳盐含量与烷烃碳数ACN有明显的对应关系;APS、AES水溶液的最佳矿化度均较高,在低矿化度条件下不易与烷烃形成超低界面张力.     

荧光假单胞菌株M18产吩嗪-1-羧酸的条件

在摇瓶发酵条件下，研究了产吩嗪—1—羧酸(PCA)的荧光假单胞菌M18在各种碳源、氮源、盐类、温度、接种量下PCA的分泌量，确定了适合PCA分泌的最佳培养基(1L)：葡萄糖20g，肉胨22g，KNO310g；最佳培养条件：温度28℃，起始pH7．0，装瓶量200／500(mL)，接种量5％；最佳培养时间72h．在此条件下，PCA在发酵液中的浓度可达到820mg/L．     

脂肪醇的密度与其分子结构间定量关系的探讨

从脂肪醇分子结构出发，构造了角描述了脂肪醇同分异构的分子距边敌意一（ＭＤＥ）。进而探讨了脂肪醇同分异构体的；密度珉春分子距边矢量的定量关系。对７３个脂肪酮同是构体的计算结果良好：平均绝对误差为３．７６ｋｇ／ｍ＾３，平均相对误差为０．４６％，分子建模和定量预测结果表明密度的计算值与实验值吻合较好。     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚合成反应的动力学研究——产物分布的统计矩

碱催化条件下，以离子反应机理进行的脂肪醇聚氧乙醇醚合成反应中，链转移反应是影响产物分布的重要因素。根据反应动力学方程的递推关系，本文采用Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换的方法，研究了产物分布的统计特征，得到了描述反应随时间推进分布均值及方差的变化规律表达式。结果表明，链转移反应是关联原料醇加入量及催化剂特征的重要环节。     

芳香型聚胺醚及其连续玻纤增强复合材料的性能研究

以双酚A二缩水甘油醚（DGEBA）和对甲氧基苯胺为单体制备了芳香型聚胺醚,并通过原位聚合的方法制备了连续玻纤增强热塑性聚胺醚（GF/PHAE）复合材料。研究了DGEBA/对甲氧基苯胺体系的反应特性、动态黏度、熔体流动速率（MFR）、耐热性及聚胺醚浇注体和GF/PHAE复合材料的力学性能,采用红外光谱法（FT-IR）对聚胺醚进行了结构分析,并借助SEM分析了GF/PHAE复合材料的断面形貌。研究结果表明：DGEBA/对甲氧基苯胺体系在25 ℃下放置85 min后黏度为2100 mPa•s,黏度较低有利于纤维的浸润;聚胺醚为可熔融的热塑性聚合物,反应时间5 h、反应温度140 ℃下制备的聚胺醚熔融指数较低为1.4 g/10min;聚胺醚的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）为86.7 ℃,起始分解温度为310.2 ℃;聚胺醚浇注体的弯曲强度126.9 MPa,弯曲模量10.2 GPa;当玻纤体积分数为59.3%时,GF/PHAE复合材料弯曲强度1327.2 MPa,弯曲模量21.8 GPa,层间剪切强度86.2 MPa;SEM断面分析表明聚胺醚对玻璃纤维具有良好的界面黏接。     

基于功能化的纳米锐钛矿TiO2膜修饰电极的乌药醚内酯电化学传感器及其应用研究

将功能化的纳米锐钛矿TiO_2(介笼结构)修饰电极作为乌药醚内酯电化学传感器的氧化还原探针,实现电化学方法检测乌药醚内酯。实验优化了电极修饰液用量、支持电解质和仪器参数等条件。在最优化的条件下,乌药醚内酯的线性范围为0.1～20μg/mL,检测限为0.058μg/m L。将所建立的电化学新方法应用于乌药中乌药醚内酯类的含量测定及药材真伪的鉴定,测得其平均含量为0.303 mg/g,并实现乌药与其伪品荆三棱药材的快速鉴别。     

烯丙基酯和烯丙基醚的固相合成研究

常温下，聚苯乙烯负载硒溴、烯烃和无水羧酸盐或醇在二氯甲烷作溶剂的混合非均相体系中反应得到聚苯乙烯负载硒醚树脂；常温下将该负载型的硒醚树脂用过量的30％双氧水处理制得相应的烯丙基酯或烯丙基醚．该方法操作简便(过滤、洗涤)，产率较高(75％—85％)，粗产物不需进一步分离则具有较好的纯度(88％—93％)．     

硫酸铜除铁工艺的研究

在以黄铜矿为原料生产硫酸铜的工艺中，浸取后的硫酸铜母液中铁的含量约为14—18g/L，这严重影响了硫酸铜的结晶和质量；而经过本工艺处理后铁的含量可降至0．01g/L以下。工艺分为两步进行，第一步，先用氨水调pH=1．5左右，且在反应过程中保持溶液pH值在1．0—1．5之间，温度在90—95℃之间，用活性炭、亚硝酸钠作为催化剂，用空气氧化，反应3h，生成黄铵铁矾，进行初步除铁；过滤分离出黄铵铁矾，第二步在pH=1．8～2．2用H2O2氧化稠余的Fe^2 至Fe^3 ，进一步除铁，并升温至85—90℃之间，反应3h，除缺率达99％以上,溶液中铁小于0．01g/L。     

醇醚型磺基琥珀酸酯盐系列的合成、结构与性能

该文对脂肪醇聚氧乙烯 (n )醚磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠盐 (n =3,5 ,7,9)的合成工艺和表面化学性能及应用性能进行了系统研究 ,并对反应物结构与其反应活性和产物结构与其表面活性的关系进行了讨论。结果表明 ,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯 (n )醚中乙氧基聚合数n由 3增加到 9,其酯化反应所需最佳温度由 110℃逐渐升高至 140℃ ;产物临界胶束浓度cmc 由 5 .0 1× 10 -4 mol/L减小至 1.41× 10 -4 mol/L ;临界表面张力γc 由 32 .5mN/m增大至 39.3mN/m ;钙皂分散力LSDP和乳化力逐渐增强 ,其中 ,乙氧基聚合数n为 9时 ,其钙皂分散力、乳化力最强 ;而当乙氧基聚合数n为 5时其去污能力最强。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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