外源基因（bar）在转基因燕麦（AvenasativaL.）后代中的遗传与表达

通过微弹轰击获得的含有ｂａｒ基因的转基因燕麦植株自交产生转基因后代。利用ＰＣＲ方法检测ｂａｒ基因在后代中的传递情况。     

基因枪法获得可育抗除草剂转基因小麦

用基因枪法对两个春小麦品种进行了遗传转化，获得１９株独立转化的，抗除草剂Ｂａｓｔａ的小麦植株，其中１５株自交可育，ＰＣＲ和ＤＮＡ印迹检测证实了该基因在转化植株中的表达，转基因及其表达已遗传到子三代，在已检测的７个转基因后代中，有４个植株其抗除草剂性状以单位点，显性性状的孟德尔方式遗传。     

Context-dependent autonomous self-fertilization yields reproductive assurance and mixed mating

The evolution of self-fertilization in hermaphrodites is opposed by costs that decrease the value of self progeny relative to that of outcross progeny. However, self-fertilization is common in plants; 20% are highly selfing and 33% are intermediate between selfing and outcrossing. Darwin proposed an adaptive benefit of self-pollination in providing reproductive assurance when outcrossing is impossible. Moreover, if outcross pollen receipt is inconsistent within or between years, these conditions likewise favour self-pollination, and this can result in a mixture of self and outcross seed production (mixed mating). Despite wide acceptance, the reproductive assurance hypothesis has lacked the support of complete empirical evidence to show that variable pollination can create both the ecological and genetic conditions favouring self-pollination. We recently showed in Collinsia verna that during periods of infrequent pollinator visits, autonomous self-pollination boosted seed output per flower, the key ecological condition. Here we show low inbreeding depression and marker-based estimates of selfing, demonstrating that when the pollination environment in wild populations necessitates reproductive assurance, selfing rates increase. We provide a complete demonstration of reproductive assurance under variable pollination environments and mechanistically link reproductive assurance to intermediate selfing rates through mixed mating.     

导入高梁DNA选育丰产、抗逆小麦新品系及其RAPD分子验证

通过花粉管通道法,将高粱ＤＮＡ导入小麦,结果在其后代产生了广泛的变异,并从中选育出高产、抗逆、耐盐碱小麦新品系８９１２２．在省级区试中,连续两年表现优良,比统一对照高原６０２增产２４．０８％,比原受体陇春１３号增产２１．０６％．在盐碱地,比当地主栽品种Ｖ２８增产１０．５％,比原受体增产２２．５％．光合效率明显提高．ＲＡＰＤ分析结果表明,新品系基因组出现多态性,并具有供体特异性ＤＮＡ带,表明该小麦新品系为转基因后代     

转基因水稻与野生稻（Oryza nivara Sharma et Shastry）杂交后代种子萌发率

种子休眠性是野生植物重要的适应性状,通过种子萌发实验可以分析种子休眠性强弱.通过人工杂交获得转抗虫基因栽培稻与一年生普通野生稻三种组合的杂种,对杂种的F3代和F4代种子采用直接萌发、打破休眠后萌发、埋土15 d和30 d 4种不同处理来检测种子活力和萌发率.结果显示转基因杂种后代种子表现出较强的休眠性,转基因对种子活力和休眠性没有明显的影响,种子休眠性有随种子世代的增加而逐渐减弱的趋势,提示水稻转基因逃逸后有在野生稻群体中宿存和扩散的可能性,但这种可能性可能会随世代增加而下降.这为进一步研究水稻转基因逃逸风险提供了参考.     

自交不亲和甘蓝的花粉萌发与花柱内保护酶活性变化

研究了柱头提取液对自交不亲和甘蓝花粉萌发、花粉管生长以及自花、异花授粉过程中花柱内过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性动态变化.结果表明:自花柱头提取液能显著抑制花粉萌发和花粉管的生长,而异花柱头提取液能提高花粉萌发率和花粉管的生长;授粉过程中花柱内SOD,POD和CAT活性都显著上升,而自花授粉上升幅度明显低于异花授粉.花柱内蛋白质含量在授粉过程中都会上升,但自花授粉在授粉后最初3～5min出现一个含量峰值.     

Expression of lysine-rich protein gene and analysis of lysine content in transgenic wheat

Expression vector pBPC102, which carries winged bean lysine-rich protein (wblrp) gene and dihydropicolinate synthase (DHDPS) gene, was transferred into hexaploid winter wheat cv. Jinghua No.l, Jing411, You899 and Yangnongl5 explants of immature inflorescence and immature embryos by particle bombardment. More than 100 transgenic plants were obtained under the selection of s-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine (AEC). Confirmed transgenic plants of To and TI generation by PCR and PCR-Southern blotting analyses showed successful integration of wblrp gene into wheat genome. Analysis of transgenic plant lines of T2 by Northern dot-blotting showed good expression of wblrp gene in offspring seed. The content of free lysine in leaves, contents of bound lysine and total proteins in seeds of T2 transgenie wheat lines were determined and analyzed. Among 34 tested transgenic lines, levels of free lysine content in leaves of 9 transgenic lines are 2~3times higher than un-trans-formed wild-type cultivars. Among 17 analyzed transgenic lines, bound lysine content of 4 transgenic lines is more than 10% higher than that of wild-type cultivars. Our research suggests that introducing wblrp gene into wheat is an effective way to improve its nutrition quality.     

Transgene inheritance and quality improvement by expressing novel HMW glutenin subunit （HMW-GS）genes in winter wheat

The expression vector pBPC30, which carries the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 genes, was transferred into hexaploid winter wheat cv. Jinghua No. 1, Jing411 and Jingdong No. 6 explants of immature embryos and immature inflorescence by particle bombardment. A large number of resistant transgenic plants were obtained under the selection of herbicide bialaphos or phosphinothricin (PPT). Confirmed transgenic plants of To generation showed successful integration of HMW-GS genes and bar gene into the wheat genome. T1 generation of transgenic plants can resist 20--150 mg/L PPT.Protein analysis of T2 seed by SDS-PAGE showed that HMW-GS 1Dx5 and 1DylO genes were well expressed in offspring seed of transgenic lines by co-expression with or substitution of endogenous 1Dx2 or 1DylO. In one transgenic line, TG3-74, a new protein band between endogenous protein subunits 7 and 8 (marked as 8*) of glutenin appeared,but endogenous subunit 8 (encoded by 1By8 gene) was absent. Analysis of gluten rheological quality on seed proteins of 102 T3 plants showed that the sedimentation value of 5 transgenic lines (44.2149.0 mL) was remarkably improved,59.6%---64.3% higher than that of wild type Jinghua No. 1 and Jingdong No. 6, similar to bread wheat Cheyenne (48.0 mL). Analysis of dough rheological properties of transgenic lines showed that the dough stable time of 5 transgenic lines range from 16 to 30 min, whereas the dough stable time of wild type was only between 3--7 min. Our research suggests that introducing novel HMW-GS genes into wheat is an efficient way to improve its bread-making quality.     

Transgene directionally integrated into C-genome of Brassica napus

Transgenic Brassica napus has been widely planted in Canada, the United States, and some other countries. In China, although the policy for genetically modified foods has not yet opened, genetically modified rape- seed oil as raw material for biodiesel of…     

Application of a nuclear localization signal gene in transgene mice

Efficient gene transfer by cytoplasm co-injection will offer a powerful means for transgenic animals. Using co-injection in cytoplasm, two independent gene constructs, including bovine α-s1-casein-hG-CSF and a mammal expression vector expressing a nuclear localization signal (mNLS), were introduced into fertilized mouse eggs. The target gene construct was docked into host nucleus probably by the nuclear localization signal. Transgene mice have been obtained at 58% (29/50) of integration ratio. Expression level of the positive transgene mice was detected by Western blotting. Maximal expression of human G-CSF was estimated about 540 mg/L of milk. The expression ratio was up to 75% (9/12). The results here have important practical implications for the generation of mammary gland bioreactors and other transgene studies. Co-injection of a target gene with an expression vector of a mammal nuclear localization signal by cytoplasm appears to be a useful, efficient and easy strategy for generating transgenic animals, which may be able to substitute the routine method of pronucleus-injection of fertilized eggs.     

永生细胞系,体细胞和生殖腺细胞中端粒酶活性检测

用TRAP法对来自人肺、乳腺和皮肤的恶性肿瘤永生细胞系．和该三种组织来源的正常体细胞,及正常卵巢和睾丸组织进行了端粒酶活性检测。结果发现,三种永生细胞系和卵巢与睾丸组织中均可测到端粒酶活性,而三种组织来源的体细胞不能测到;提示端粒酶可能对恶性肿瘤细胞永生化、生物种系正常繁衍,和正常体细胞的衰老与寿命起着重要的决定作用。     

通过遗传转化获得含多基因的水稻转基因纯合植株

利用基因枪法将含有4个不同基因的3个质粒共转化由粳稻品种鄂宜105号和鄂晚5号种子胚诱导的愈伤组织（5－10d龄）。从轰击的986块愈合组织中共再生出169株独立的转基因水稻植株（转化率为17％）。PCR／Southern blot分析显示70％以上的转基因植株含有所有4个基因。GUS组织化学分析、Western blot和或RT－PCR分析表明所有4个基因的共表达率为70％。未观察到任何质粒在整合中存在优势,转基因拷贝数也与基因表达量无关。遗传分析证实外源基因在后代植株中大多以孟德尔方式遗传。从其R1代为3：1孟德尔方式遗传的后代R2代植株中,鉴定含有3个或4个不同基因的转基因纯合植株系。PCR／Southern blot分析证实了这些转基因纯合植株系。这些系的植株具有相似的外源基因表达量。我们证实通过基因枪介导的共转化,结合常规育种方法筛选可以获得含多基因的转基因水稻纯合植株。这项技术为利用基因同时改良作用多个性状提供了一种途径。     

Obtained transgenic wheat expressing pac1 mediated by Agrobacterium is resistant against Barley yellow dwarf virus-GPV

In fission yeast （Schizosaccharomyces pombe）, pacl gene was cloned with 99.3% nucleotide sequence similarity with published pacl in GenBank. In pET-5α expression system, the expression product of cloned pacl in E. coil showed activity to degrade the double-strand RNA. Harboring the binary vector pBI121, which contains pacl gene, Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 was used to transform the wheat immature embryos precultured 7-10 d. After preregeneration, regeneration and selection culture stage, totally 41 G418 resistant plants were obtained, in which 25 lines were proved to integrate with transgene and express transgene normally by PCR, Dot blot, RT-PCR and ELISA detection. Antivirus test carried out on 25 positive lines with high dose of Barley yellow dwarf virus-GPV revealed that 12 lines had resistance to BVDV-GPV in low level, another 12 lines had resistance to BVDV- GPV in middle level, and 1 line showed resistance to BVDV-GPV in high level. However, both low and middle level of resistance plants showed no symptoms when infected by viruses at low dose, which suggested the dose-dependent effect of the resistance mediated by pacl to BYDV-GPV.     

下临界多物种分支过程后代总人口数生成函数

讨论下临界多物种分支过程后代总人口数的生成函数.通过推导出的下临界多物种分支过程前n代总人口数生成函数Rn(s)的递归公式,利用其单调性得到Rn(s)的极限生成函数ρ(s)为方程t=s*f(t)的解.又ρ(s)即为下临界多物种分支过程后代总人口数的概率生成函数,故有下临界多物种分支过程后代总人口数的概率生成函数为方程t=s*f(t)的解.     

根癌农杆菌法转化烟草的条件探索

 利用含有四环素阻遏蛋白,具有卡娜霉素抗性的烟草种子为实验材料,采用根癌农杆菌介导转化中的叶圆盘法,将外源基因导入烟草愈伤组织,建成可诱导表达细胞质和细胞核CaM/CaM结合多肽的转基因烟草体系.在获得转基因植物的过程中,通过比较影响根癌农杆菌转化频率的各种因素,表明植物材料的选择和培养,农杆菌的培养和稀释,植物材料与农杆菌共培养的程度及转基因植株的筛选条件是影响农杆菌转化效率的重要因素.     

PCR-based approaches for identification of multi-copy transgene integration sites in mouse genome

Transgenic mice have become one of the most im- portant resources in studying gene functions in vivo since the technology was established in the 1980s[1―3]. So far, most of the transgenic mice were generated by DNA microinjection into fertilized eggs, in…     

氧化应激促进重组腺相关病毒2型体外转导分析

为揭示氧化应激在重组腺相关病毒2型(rAAV2)转导中的作用,以过氧化氢(H₂O₂)和铁过载(Fe-NTA)氧化应激为模型,在293T,LO-2,Hela,A549细胞中,从转基因表达量、阳性细胞数、基因组数和病毒衣壳分布等方面研究氧化应激对rAAV2转导的影响.实验结果表明:H₂O₂和Fe-NTA能促进rAAV2转导,转基因表达量、阳性细胞数、基因组数与对照组相比的差异具有显著的统计学意义;细胞转导12 h后,氧化应激组核周围衣壳分布数目显著比对照组多,氧化应激能够促使rAAV2长时间聚集在细胞核周围;当氧化应激产生的活性氧(ROS)被N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(NAC)消除,则氧化应激促rAAV2转导作用消失,说明氧化应激通过ROS发挥促进rAAV2转导作用.     

Plant genetics: RNA cache or genome trash?

According to classical mendelian genetics, individuals homozygous for an allele always breed true. Lolle et al. report a pattern of non-mendelian inheritance in the hothead (hth) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, in which a plant homozygous at a particular locus upon self-crossing produces progeny that are 10% heterozygous; they claim that this is the result of the emerging allele having been reintroduced into the chromosome from a cache of RNA inherited from a previous generation. Here I suggest that these results are equally compatible with a gene conversion that occurred through the use as a template of DNA fragments that were inherited from a previous generation and propagated in archival form in the meristem cells that generate the plant germ lines. This alternative model is compatible with several important observations by Lolle et al..     

发根农杆菌T-DNA诱变怀地黄突变体或品系的遗传学分析

主要采用紫外吸收光谱法、高效液相色谱法、3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法,PCR和SRAP技术,从叶绿素含量、还原糖和总糖含量、梓醇含量、毛蕊花糖苷含量和T-DNA片段的稳定性和基因组DNA的变化方面,对发根农杆菌转化怀地黄突变体或品系的变异性状进行了分析.发现怀地黄突变体或品系的叶片形态、植高、叶绿素含量、糖含量、梓醇和毛蕊花糖苷的含量均有变异,一个SRAP引物组合从其基因组DNA中扩增出一个对照中没有的约400bp的DNA片段,T1-T7代突变体或品系中均检测到rolB基因的存在.这些结果表明发根农杆菌T-DNA可以诱导怀地黄产生变异,并且稳定遗传.     

Isolation and characterization of rice lesion mimic mutants from a T-DNA tagged population

A rice ( Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare) T-DNA tagged population consisting of about 7000 individual lines was generated and screened for rice lesion mimic mutants in the T1 generation. Ten lines were found to develop spontaneous lesions in the absence of pathogen infection and displayed distinct lesion phenotypes. These mutants were tentatively designated as lm1 -lm10 (for lesion mimic), respectively. Lesion formation of lm mutants was developmentally regulated, and all the mutants showed stunted growth and reduced fertility. Genetic analysis demonstrated that all the mutations were recessive, and five partially fertile mutants (lm4-lm8) were derived from different loci. Mimic lesions occurring on the leaves of lm mutants resulted from cell death as revealed by trypan blue staining. Six of them ( lm3 -lm8 ) exhibited enhanced resistance to five bacterial blight isolates, indicating their wide-spectrum resistance to this pathogen. These results imply that some lesion mimic mutations of rice might be involved in disease resistance signaling pathways,and that isolation of these mutated genes may be useful for elucidating molecular mechanisms of plant disease resistance. Among the mutants, only one mutant, lm6, was preliminarily shown to cosegregate with the inserted T-DNA in its T1 generation, making it feasible to isolate the gene responsible for the phenotype of this mutant.