喷射沉积AZ31镁合金微观组织与力学性能

采用喷射沉积方法制备了AZ31镁合金沉积柱坯,利用热轧作为后续加工,研究了镁合金的组织变化及材料的性能.实验结果表明:沉积态合金组织均匀,晶粒细小(平均晶粒尺寸约为20μm);热轧变形的致密化过程、动态再结晶以及退火再结晶使合金具有良好的组织结构和力学性能;轧制态试样断口呈现为脆性解理断裂方式,退火态试样断口则表现为脆性和韧性断裂混合机制.     

工业态AZ31B镁合金薄板的拉伸性能与组织变化

对厚度为0.8 mm的工业态AZ31B镁合金薄板在室温至400℃条件下进行了轴向拉伸实验,研究了变形过程中的组织与性能变化.结果表明,室温至100℃变形时,显微组织中出现少量孪晶;而200℃及以上变形时发生了动态再结晶.室温下AZ31B镬合全薄板具有较高的强度和较好的塑性;随着变形温度的升高,塑性增加,并呈现出低温超塑性或高应变速率超塑性特征.     

高挤压比下挤压工艺对AZ31B镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了高挤压比条件下挤压温度、速度对AZ31B镁合金微观组织、力学性能的影响。采用光学显微镜观察了显微组织,拉伸试验测试了力学性能,并配合扫描电镜观察了拉伸试样的断口形貌。结果表明,高挤压比条件下,动态再结晶较为充分,少量晶粒长大,混晶组织消失。低温、高速挤压有助于晶粒细化,并使晶粒尺寸分布均匀,因而可获得高的抗拉强度、屈服强度以及良好的塑性。350 ℃,2 m/min条件下挤压,试样抗拉强度与延伸率最高,为336.5 MPa与 23%。低温、高速下的挤压试样的拉伸断口韧窝较深且细密,呈现明显的韧性断裂特征,而高温、低速的断口为混合断裂。     

Characterization of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the spray-deposited AZ31 magnesium alloy

The cylindrical billets of a Mg-3Al-1Zn (AZ31) alloy were synthesized by spray deposition processing. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated. The results reveal that the microstructure of the AZ31 alloy is refined significantly by spray deposition processing. A homogeneous and equiaxial-grain structure with an average grain size of 17 μm is obtained. Further grain refinement with an average grain size of 5 μm is attributed to dynamic recrystallization during extrusion processing. The great increase in the density of grain boundary nucleation sites by the finer initial grain sizes makes the dislocation pile-ups near subgrain boundaries being absorbed easily by the boundaries, resulting in an accelerated recrystallization process. The average tensile ultimate and yield strengths of the extruded rods are 321 MPa and 237 MPa, respectively, with an elongation of 15.2% at room temperature, which are remarkably higher than those of the conventional as-cast AZ31 alloy.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy subject to deep cryogenic treatments

AZ91 magnesium alloy was subjected to a deep cryogenic treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) methods were utilized to characterize the composition and microstructure of the treated samples. The results show that after two cryogenic treatments, the quantity of the precipitate hardening β phase increases, and the sizes of the precipitates are refined from 8–10 μm to 2–4 μm. This is expected to be due to the decreased solubility of aluminum in the matrix at low temperature and the significant plastic deformation owing to internal differences in thermal contraction between phases and grains. The polycrystalline matrix is also noticeably refined, with the sizes of the subsequent nanocrystalline grains in the range of 50–100 nm. High density dislocations are observed to pile up at the grain boundaries, inducing the dynamic recrystallization of the microstructure, leading to the generation of a nanocrystalline grain structure. After two deep cryogenic treatments, the tensile strength and elongation are found to be substantially increased, rising from 243 MPa and 4.4% of as-cast state to 299 MPa and 5.1%.     

Semisolid die forging process,microstructures and properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy mobile telephone shells

A semisolid slurry of AZ31 magnesium alloy was prepared by vibrating wavelike sloping plate process, and the semisolid die forging process, microstructures, and properties of the magnesium alloy mobile telephone shell were investigated. The semisolid forging process was performed on a YA32-315 four-column universal hydraulic press. The microstructures were observed by optical microscopy, the hardness was analyzed with a model 450SVD Vickers hardometer, the mechanical properties was measured with a CMT5105 tensile test machine, and the fractograph of elongated specimens was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results reveal that with the increase of die forging force, the microstructures of the product become fine and dense. A lower preheating temperature and a longer dwell time are favorable to the formation of fine and dense microstructures. The optimum process conditions of preparing mobile telephone shells with excellent surface quality and microstructures are a die forging force of 2000 kN, a die preheating temperature of 250℃, and a dwell time of 240 s. After solution treatment at 430℃ and aging at 220℃ for 8 h, the Vickers hardness is 61.7 and the ultimate tensile strength of the product is 193 MPa. Tensile fractographs show the mixing mechanisms of quasi-cleavage fracture and ductile fracture.     

Semisolid die forging process,microstructures and properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy mobile telephone shells

A semisolid slurry of AZ31 magnesium alloy was prepared by vibrating wavelike sloping plate process,and the semisolid die forging process,microstructures,and properties of the magnesium alloy mobile telephone shell were investigated.The semisolid forging process was performed on a YA32-315 four-column universal hydraulic press.The microstructures were observed by optical microscopy,the hardness was analyzed with a model 450SVD Vickers hardometer,the mechanical properties was measured with a CMT5105 tensile test machine,and the fractograph of elongated specimens was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results reveal that with the increase of die forging force,the microstructures of the product become fine and dense.A lower preheating temperature and a longer dwell time are favorable to the formation of fine and dense microstructures.The optimum process conditions of preparing mobile telephone shells with excellent surface quality and microstructures are a die forging force of 2000 kN,a die preheating temperature of 250℃,and a dwell time of 240 s.After solution treatment at 430℃ and aging at 220℃ for 8 h,the Vickers hardness is 61.7 and the ultimate tensile strength of the product is 193MPa.Tensile fractographs show the mixing mechanisms of quasi-cleavage fracture and ductile fracture.     

复合添加Nd与B对AZ91镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了复合添加Nd和B对AZ91镁合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,复合添加B和Nd明显细化了α-Mg和β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相。晶粒细化主要源自于AlB₂相作为α-Mg的异质形核衬底,添加的Nd细化了β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相。扫描电镜分析表明,Al₂Nd和Mg₁₂Nd主要分布在晶界上,并且对合金力学性能起到了重要的促进作用。由于晶粒细化及热稳定相Al₂Nd和Mg₁₂Nd的存在,AZ91镁合金的常温力学性能得到大大改善。     

B和Gd复合微合金化对AZ91镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及X射线衍射分析对添加微量B和稀土元素Gd的AZ91镁合金的显微组织及相组成进行了研究,并对其室温力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,AZ91镁合金中添加Gd后,Gd与Al形成杆状或块状的Al_2Gd化合物相。含Gd的质量分数为1.0%时,铸态合金的拉伸强度为207.8 MPa,相对未加Gd时提升了27.9%。AZ91镁合金复合添加B和Gd后,合金组织发生明显的变化,在减少Gd含量的基础上添加B,可达到用微量B代替部分Gd对AZ91的强化效果。对比单一添加Gd的铸态AZ91镁合金,在达到相同力学性能的情况下,(B+Gd)复合微合金化的AZ91镁合金的Gd添加量质量分数降低了19%,从而降低了成本。     

铈对AZ31镁合金铸态组织的影响

研究了Ce对AZ31镁合金铸态组织的影响.研究结果表明:添加0.5～1.5 wt%Ce到AZ31镁合金中不但不能细化舍金的晶粒,反而使合金的晶粒变得粗大,并且粗化趋势受Ce加入量的影响较大.当添加0.5 wt%Ce到AZ31镁合金中后,合金的平均晶粒尺寸从最初的60靘增大到164靘.此后,随着Ce加入量从0.5 wt%增加到1.5 wt%,合金的平均晶粒尺寸又开始逐渐减小,但仍大于未添加Ce合金的平均晶粒尺寸.     

AZ31镁合金氩弧焊接接头组织与力学性能研究

钨极氩弧焊(TIG)为镁合金焊接中最常用的一种焊接方法。本文采用直流钨极氩弧焊对6.0 mm厚AZ31镁合金挤压板材进行了双面焊接实验。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验机考察分析了焊接接头显微组织与力学性能。显微组织分析表明,AZ31镁合金直流TIG焊接头由母材、热影响区、焊缝区组成,焊缝组织呈现焊丝熔化后凝固组织;在母材热影响区与焊缝区之间坡口处形成过渡区,晶粒细小,为母材与焊丝的熔合区。采用AZ31焊丝焊接接头平均抗拉强度为241.0 MPa,延伸率为13.8%,分别达到了母材的86.0%和63.6%。焊接接头的断裂均位于热影响区,断口呈现韧脆混合断裂特征。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of cryorolled AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets with different initial textures

AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets with different strong textures were cryorolled at the liquid-nitrogen temperature to the strain of 4% and 8%. The microstructure and texture of the rolled sheets were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of the sheets were tested through in-plane uniaxial tensile tests at ambient temperature. The tensile stress was exerted in the rolling direction (RD) and transverse directions (TD). The microstructural and textural evolutions of the alloy during cryorolling were investigated. Due to active twining during rolling, the initial texture significantly influenced the microstructural and textural evolutions of the rolled sheets. A {1012} extension twin was found as the dominated twin-type in the cryorolled samples. After cryogenic rolling, the ductility of the samples decreased while the strength increased. Twinning also played an important role in explaining the mechanical differences between the rolled samples with different initial textures. The samples were significantly strengthened by the high stored energy accumulated from cryorolling.     

AZ31镁合金的超塑性研究

在温度为400～440℃、应变速率为10-2～10-4 s-1的范围内研究AZ31镁合金的超塑性.结果表明,当应变速率不小于5×10-3 s-1时,AZ31镁合金的超塑性伸长率随着温度的升高而增大.对应变速率敏感指数和拉伸试样的宏观断裂特征分析表明,应变速率敏感指数是影响超塑性的主要因素.当应变速率不大于5×10-4 s-1时,AZ31镁合金在420℃时具有最大伸长率.对断裂试样的颈缩现象和断口空洞的SEM分析表明,空洞是影响超塑性的主要因素.     

退火工艺对AZ31B镁合金铸轧板组织和性能的影响

研究不同退火温度、时间对普通铸轧和复合能场(电磁场+超声波)铸轧AZ31B镁板组织及性能的影响。研究结果表明:铸轧镁板的再结晶温度在复合能场作用下降低了约50℃;250℃退火时,普通铸轧镁板无明显再结晶,复合能场铸轧镁板局部再结晶;在300℃,4 h时,铸轧镁板均充分再结晶,复合能场铸轧镁板晶粒细小,组织均匀,平均晶粒直径为8~13μm,而普通铸轧镁板晶粒平均晶粒直径为14~19μm;400℃退火时,晶粒开始粗大,1 h时复合能场铸轧镁板与普通铸轧镁板的平均晶粒直径分别为28~33μm和20~25μm。退火后,铸轧镁板内析出相数减少,复合能场铸轧镁板析出相弥散分布在晶界上,普通铸轧镁板析出相较多并富集在晶界和晶界附近。退火后铸轧镁板的塑性变形能力明显改善,在300℃,4 h时,复合能场铸轧镁板的硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率比普通铸轧镁板分别提高了4.7%,17.2%,34.1%和74.6%。     

Enhanced mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets by continuous bending process after V-bending

The effects of V-bending process, continuous bending process and combination process on the microstructure and mechanical properties and formability of an AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet were investigated. The experimental results showed that no twins were found in the microstructure of all samples after processes due to the fine grain. The V-bending and continuous bending processes were proved to be an effective approach to modify the mechanical properties and formability. While the samples after the combination process exhibited better mechanical properties and formability than the single processed sample. The yield strength significantly decreased with the value of 100 MPa and the fracture elongation enhanced to 18.3% at room temperature. The Erichsen value was 5.0 mm which was significantly increased by 117% compared with as-received sample. The superior formability of combination processed samples was mainly attributed to the smaller r-value and n-value.     

加工工艺对AZ61镁合金力学和阻尼性能的影响

采用金相分析、拉伸实验、动态机械热分析等方法,研究了均匀化和未均匀化的AZ61镁合金在一次挤压态、二次挤压态及锻造态下的显微组织、力学性能和阻尼性能.结果表明:AZ61镁合金经3种塑性加工工艺后不同变形态之间的力学性能差别不大,但阻尼性能发生了显著变化;当应变振幅为5×10-3时,锻造态AZ61镁合金的阻尼性能相对于二次挤压态提高了5倍多.加工工艺对AZ61镁合金阻尼性能的影响规律可由Granato-Lucke理论得到很好的解释.     

AZ31镁合金变形行为的热/力模拟

采用GLEEBLE-1500热／力模拟机在变形温度为423～723K,应变速率为0．01～10s^-1,最大变形量为60％的条件下对铸态AZ31镁合金进行热／力模拟研究,并结合热变形后显微组织,分析合金力学性能与显微组织之间的关系。研究结果表明：应变速率和变形温度是影响变形激活能的关键参数;当变形温度一定时,流变应力和应变速率之间呈线性关系,合金的变形激活能在523～573K时变化不大,而在大于573K时增大较快,可用包含Arrheniues项的参数Z描述AZ31镁合金热压缩变形的流变应力行为。     

超声铸造对AZ31镁合金铸锭及热轧板材组织与性能的影响

采用超声铸造方法制备AZ31镁合金铸锭,并对其组织性能进行研究.研究结果表明:超声铸造后AZ31合金铸锭晶粒尺寸平均值为140 μm,比常规铸造的铸锭品粒尺寸350 μm更细小,同时合金中第二相分布更加均匀弥散,这使合金铸锭的综合力学件能提高并有利于后续铸锭的热轧开坯.经过超声铸造的AZ31镁合金热轧后板材的品粒尺寸(5～30 μm)也比常规铸造锭坯热轧板材晶粒尺寸(40～60 μm)要细小,这使超声铸造AZ31镁合金热轧后板材的典型力学性能比常规铸造后热轧的合金板材的好,抗拉强度提高约18％,伸长率相当;超声铸造有利于细化AZ31镁合金晶粒,改善第二相在枝晶间的分布,提高合金的力学性能和加工变形能力.     

等径角挤压工艺对AZ31B镁合金板材冲压性能的影响

对采用等径角挤压(ECAE)工艺前后AZ31镁合金板材的性能参数和冲压成形性能进行了研究.结果表明,经过等径角挤压工艺处理后镁合金板材的应变硬化指数n值、各向异性r值和极限拉深比LDR值均得到了优化,从而改善了镁合金板材的冲压性能.     

挤压比对AZ31B镁合金组织和室温力学性能的影响

研究了不同挤压比对AZ31B镁合金显微组织?力学性能的影响?采用光学显微镜观察了挤压棒材显微组织,通过材料万能试验测试了拉伸和压缩性能,并配合扫描电镜观察了拉伸试样的断口处显微组织和形貌?结果表明,随着挤压比的增加,组织由部分动态再结晶向完全动态再结晶过渡;合金拉伸断口由混合断裂转变为明显韧性断裂,压缩断口由解理断裂转变为准解理断裂?大挤压比可以获得良好的综合性能和细致均匀的组织,抗拉强度为310MPa,屈服强度为200MPa,延伸率为14%,并且拉伸压缩不对称性得到缓解,有利于镁合金的二次塑性加工?