V2O5和Li2CO3共掺杂对Mg4Nb2O9陶瓷烧结行为及微波介电性能的影响

采用固相法，制备了Mg4Nb2O9（MN）微波介质陶瓷，研究了V2O5和Li2CO3共掺杂对MgaNb2O9陶瓷烧结行为、相结构、显微结构和微波介电性能的影响．结果表明，采用1．5％V2O5和1．5％Li2CO3共掺杂，能够将Mg4Nb2O9（135O℃）陶瓷的烧结温度降至925℃，且有助于Mg4Nb2O9单相的形成．3．0％（V2O5，Li2CO3）共掺杂样品在925℃空气中烧结5h可获得良好的微波介电性能（介电常数为13．7，品质因数为77975GHz）．     

Nb2O5掺杂及TiO2压敏陶瓷埋烧工艺的研究

通过微结构分析、I-V特性及复阻抗频谱的测量,比较了埋烧和传统的裸烧工艺对于Nb^5 掺杂的TiO2压敏陶瓷材料的压敏电压和非线性系数的影响,结果表明掩埋法烧结可以降低该类陶瓷材料的压敏电压和非线性系数;考察了Nb2O5掺杂的作用,表明Nb^5 固溶于TiO2中取代Ti^4 使晶粒半导化．Nb2O5掺杂量对TiO2压敏陶瓷的I-V特性和微观结构都会有影响作用,适量Nb^5 的掺杂有助于晶粒的生长.     

Nb2O5对氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能和显微结构的影响

以Nb2O5为烧结助剂,通过无压烧结制备氧化铝陶瓷.研究了Nb2O5对氧化铝陶瓷的致密化和显微结构的影响.结果表明,少量的Nb2O5对氧化铝陶瓷的致密化具有明显的促进作用,当Nb2O5的添加量为1%时,可使氧化铝陶瓷在1 500℃获得致密.显微结构上,Nb2O5对氧化铝的晶粒生长也具有显著的促进作用.Nb2O5对致密化和晶粒生长的促进作用主要是通过它在氧化铝晶粒中的固溶来实现的.力学性能测试表明:加入Nb2O5后能够在不影响力学性能的前提下降低烧结温度.     

Interfacial behavior of Fe76Si9B10P5/Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 amorphous soft magnetic composite during spark plasma sintering process

Fe_(76)Si_9B_(10)P_5/Zn_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)Fe_2O_4 amorphous composite with micro-cellular structure and high electrical resistivity was prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS) at 487 °C. XRD and SEM results showed that the Fe_(76)Si_9B_(10)P_5 alloy powders remained the amorphous state and the composite was dense. A fusion zone at interface of Fe_(76)Si_9B_(10)P_5 cell body and Zn_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)Fe_2O_4 cell wall was observed by TEM, which also indicates the formation of local high temperature. The interface bonding based on the formation of local high temperature in SPS process was observed. It is believed that the tip effect of Zn_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)Fe_2O_4 nanoparticles promotes the local discharging and plasmas creation in the gaps, and the discharging energy forms an instantaneous local high temperature to complete the local sintering and the densification of Zn_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)Fe_2O_4 particles at a low nominal sinter temperature. Simultaneously, the local high temperature stimulates the adjacent gaps discharging, thus facilitate the continuous formation of new discharging path. Finally, sintering and densification of the amorphous composite is complete.     

Al2O3含量对烧结初始液流动行为的影响

在铁矿粉烧结过程中,初始液相流动行为是烧结矿固结效果的重要影响因素。采用微型烧结法,探讨了Al2O3含量对初始液相流动行为的影响,并通过对初始液相微观结构的解析,揭示了Al2O3含量对初始液相气孔分布和结构的影响规律。实验结果表明,初始液相的流动性指数随着Al2O3含量提高而降低。水淬试样的XRD实验结果结果证实,Al2O3含量的增加提高了复合铁酸钙的稳定性,降低了初始液相的流动能力。此外,初始液相流动性亦会对气孔性质产生影响。高Al2O3初始液相中气孔结构不规则程度提高,且小于50μm气孔数目也随之增多。     

蓝色荧光粉Ca_2B_5O_9Cl∶Eu~(2+)的甘氨酸燃烧法合成及其发光性能

为探索LED用荧光粉Ca2B5O9Cl∶Eu2+的合成和发光性能,首次采用甘氨酸燃烧法于750℃下合成了Ca2B5O9Cl∶Eu2+蓝色荧光粉,研究了不同摩尔分数(x)的甘氨酸与硝酸溶液中铕离子的最佳反应配比(n甘氨酸∶nEu2+).用XRD、荧光磷光分光光度计对该荧光粉的物相及发光性能进行了表征和研究,结果表明:在340 nm激发下可得到434 nm处蓝光发射峰,属于Eu2+典型的4f65d1→4f7的跃迁所致.     

低温固相反应合成NiFe2O4尖晶石纳米粉

以FeSO4.7H2O,NiSO4.6H2O和NaOH为原料,NaCl为分散剂,在室温下充分研磨反应制备前驱体,然后将前驱体进行煅烧得到NiFe2O4尖晶石纳米粉.重点研究了分散剂含量、煅烧温度和保温时间对粉体粒度和形貌的影响.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所得产物进行表征.结果表明:添加20%(质量分数)NaCl制得的前驱体在800℃下煅烧1.5h得到的纳米粉分布均匀,颗粒呈球形并且晶型完整单一,平均粒径约为75nm.     

Structure of V2O5-P2O5-Sb2O3-Bi2O3 glass

The structure of V₂O₅-P₂O₅-Sb₂O₃-Bi₂O₃ glass and its state of crystallization were studied by means of infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results indicate that, in this glass, V and P exist mainly in the form of a single-stranded linear (VO₃) _n and an isolated (PO₄) tetrahedral with no double bond. Partial V and P are connected through O, forming an amorphous structure of layered vanadium phosphate. Trivalent Sb³⁺ and Bi³⁺ open the V=O bond and appear in interlayers, so a weak three-dimensional structure is connected successfully. Along with the substitution of Sb₂O₃ for partial V₂O₅ or that of P₂O₅ for partial V₂O₅, the network structure of the glass is reinforced, and the crystallization is reduced.     

共沉淀法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法制备锆掺杂改性Bi_2O_3的比较研究

以硝酸铋和硝酸锆为起始原料,分别采用共沉淀法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法制备系列锆掺杂改性Bi2O3的混合氧化物Bi2-xZrxO3+x/2(x=0～1.0)。采用XRD,FTIR和SEM对样品的结构及微观形貌进行分析。研究结果表明:于650℃焙烧处理后,由以上2种方法制备的纯Bi2O3的主晶相均为单斜晶型α-Bi2O3,其中采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法及乙二醇和水混合溶剂反序滴定共沉淀法可制备出纯度较高的单斜相α-Bi2O3。锆掺杂改性制备的系列混合氧化物中,当ZrO2掺杂量(摩尔分数)为10%(x=0.2)时,反序滴定共沉淀法能实现均匀共沉淀,形成了组成为Bi1.8Zr0.2O3.1的类似立方相δ-Bi2O3的单一结构固溶体,顺序滴定共沉淀法会产生相分离,导致四方相Bi7.38Zr0.62O12.31固溶体的出现。然而,当采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法时,没有得到类似立方相δ-Bi2O3结构的固溶体,主相结构为单斜相α-Bi2O3以及混合部分四方相Bi7.38Zr0.62O12.31和立方相ZrO2。由此可见:采用反序滴定共沉淀法,在650℃低温及合适条件下,掺杂适量的ZrO2能稳定立方相结构的高温离子传导相δ-Bi2O3。     

B2O3\|Na2O\|V2O5玻璃紫外吸收截止波长和密度关系的研究

以硼酸、无水碳酸钠和五氧化二钒为原料,通过熔融-石墨模成形法制备(70-x)B₂O₃-30Na₂O-xV₂O₅三元硼酸盐玻璃,其中x=1 ％~10 %(摩尔分数)。经过研磨和抛光制成尺寸为30 mm×30 mm×2 mm的玻璃样品。采用阿基米德原理法测定样品的密度,采用紫外/可见分光光度计测定样品的吸收光谱。结果表明,玻璃的密度d与玻璃紫外吸收截止波长λ呈线性关系。当截止吸收波长小于或等于390 nm时,二者符合方程λ=2222.0d-4794.8;当截止吸收波长大于390 nm时,二者符合方程λ=1100.5d-2181.9。     

Sr2B5O9Cl∶Eu2+蓝色荧光粉的发光性能研究

采用高温固相法,合成了Eu2+掺杂的Sr2B5O9Cl系列蓝色荧光粉,并对其发光性质进行研究.结果表明:该荧光粉在紫外区域显示出较强的宽带激发,当Eu2+的掺杂质量分数为4%时,Sr1.96B5O9Cl∶0.04Eu2+的发光强度最大,色坐标为(x=0.161,y=0.019).     

Preparation of spherical ultrafine copper powder via hydrogen reduction-densification of Mg(OH)2-coated Cu2O powder

A novel process was developed to produce spherical copper powder for multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC). Spherical ultrafine cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) powder was prepared by glucose reduction of Cu(OH)₂. The Cu₂O particles were coated by Mg(OH)₂ and reduced to metallic copper particles. At last, the copper particles were densified by high-temperature heat treatment. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), tap density, and thermogravimetry (TG). It is found that the shape and size distribution of the copper powder are determined by the Cu₂O powder and the copper particles do not agglomerate during high-temperature heat treatment because of the existence of Mg(OH)₂ coating. After densification at high temperature, the particle tap density increases from 3.30 to 4.18 g/cm³ and the initial oxidation temperature rises from 125 to 150°C.     

硼酸铝晶须预制块制备工艺的研究

高质量复合材料预制块是获得高性能复合材料的基本要求和关键要素之一．通过对没有任何粘接剂的硼酸铝晶须,从晶须的清洗、晶须的分散、预制块成型、预制块烘干及预制块烧结技术方面进行了研究,提出了获得用于制备镁基复合材料的硼酸铝晶须预制块的制备工艺．     

ZnSe/5B2O3-95SiO2纳米复合材料的制备及性能表征

采用溶胶凝胶工艺在室温合成合有Zn、Se成分和玻璃相成分的均匀透明凝胶，并通过CO还原气氛热处理，在凝胶玻璃中原位生长出ZnSe纳米晶体．利用BET比表面积、透射电镜、吸收光谱、荧光光谱等分析手段对ZnSe纳米复合材料的组成结构及量子尺寸效应影响下的光学性能进行了表征，结果表明：5B2O3—95SiO2凝胶玻璃的多孔结构可有效地分散ZnSe纳米晶粒；纳米复合材料中ZnSe纳米晶粒呈球形，粒径约为3．5nm；吸收光谱中，ZnSe纳米复合材料的吸收边相对于ZnSe体材料发生蓝移，随着ZnSe在凝胶玻璃中摩尔分数的增大，蓝移量减小，相应ZnSe纳米晶粒尺寸增大；在荧光光谱中，500nm附近的发光带是凝胶玻璃中的ZnSe纳米晶体表面态复合和缺陷发光，当ZnSe的摩尔分数达到0．07时，观测到了浓度的荧光淬灭现象．     

烧结过程中脱除SO2和NOx的试验研究

通过向烧结混合料中加入添加剂,有效地抑制了SO2和NOx气体的产生,探讨了添加剂作用下SO2和NOx的脱除机理.结果表明,低温有利于脱硫反应进行,根据反应产物提出了脱硫化学反应式;烧结常用的几类铁矿石对NO还原反应都有很好的催化作用,催化能力的强弱与矿石中TiO2和V2O5含量密切相关.     

Effect of B2O3 on the aqueous tape casting and microwave properties of Li2O–Nb2O5–TiO2 ceramics

The effect of B2O3 addition on the aqueous tape casting, sintering, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of Li2O-Nb2O5-TiO2 ceramics has been investigated. The tape casting slurries exhibit a typical shear-thinning behavior without thixotropy, but the addition of B2O3 increases the viscosity of the slurries significantly. It was found that doping of B2O3 can decrease the tensile strength, strain to failure and density of the green tapes. The sintering temperature could be lowed down to 900℃ with the addition of 2 wt% B2O3 due to the liquid phase effect. No secondary phase is observed. The addition of B2O3 does not induce much degradation on the microwave dielectric properties. Optimum microwave dielectric properties of εr 67, Q×f 6560 GHz are obtained for Li2O-Nb2O5-TiO2 ceramics containing 2 wt% B2O3 sintered at 900 1C. It represents that the ceramics could be promising for multilayer low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) application.     

氨基乙酸辅助化学液相沉积制备三维花状的氢氧化镁

以金属镁为前驱体,用生物分子氨基乙酸辅助化学液相沉积方法在室温下合成了具有复杂三维花状的纳米结构的氢氧化镁.用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)和热分析技术对所合成的三维氢氧化镁产物进行了微观形貌和微观结构的表征.结果表明纳米花状形貌的氢氧化镁是由超薄的纳米壁构成,并具有较高的纯度.对氨基乙酸辅助化学液相沉积法制备花状氢氧化镁的可能机理进行了研究.这种生物分子辅助化学液相沉积方法被很好地用来制备特殊形貌的氢氧化镁通过在液相中连续的供给、输运和分解镁络合物.这种方法具有反应条件温和、方便等特点,并有望拓展到制备其它具有不同形貌的金属氢氧化物/氧化物.     

Low-temperature densification sintering and properties of CaAl2Si2O8 ceramics with MeO·2B2O3 (Me=Ca,Sr, Ba)

Dense CaAl2Si2O8 ceramics were prepared via a two-step sintering process at temperatures below 1000°C. First, pre-sintered CaAl2Si2O8 powders containing small amounts of other crystal phases were obtained by sintering a mixture of calcium hydroxide and kaolin powders at 950°C for 6 h. Subsequently, the combination of the pre-sintered ceramic powders with MeO·2B2O3 (Me=Ca, Sr, Ba) flux agents enabled the low-temperature densification sintering of the CaAl2Si2O8 ceramics at 950°C. The sintering behavior and phase formation of the CaAl2Si2O8 ceramics were investigated in terms of the addition of the three MeO·2B2O3 flux agents. Furthermore, alumina and quartz were introduced into the three flux agents to investigate the sintering behaviors, phase evolvements, microstructures, and physical properties of the resulting CaAl2Si2O8 ceramics. The results showed that, because of their low-melting characteristics, the MeO·2B2O3 (Me=Ca, Sr, Ba) flux agents facilitated the formation of the CaAl2Si2O8 ceramics with a dense microstructure via liquid-phase sintering. The addition of alu-mina and quartz to the flux agents also strongly affected the microstructures, phase formation, and physical properties of the CaAl2Si2O8 ce-ramics.     

基于机械混合法无压烧结制备ZrB2/B4C陶瓷复合材料

研究无压烧结条件下原位合成工艺对ZrB2/B4C陶瓷复合材料的烧结致密化、力学性能、显微组织的影响.结果表明:材料的密度随着烧结温度的增加和保温时间的延长先增加后降低,在烧结温度2060℃,保温30min时,ZrB2/B4C复合材料的相对密度可达93.2%;材料的硬度随着温度的升高而增大,在2070℃时达到最大值;材料的断裂韧性则随着温度的升高呈现下降趋势,从2000℃时的4.04MPa·m1/2下降到2060℃时的2.36MPa·m1/2.