Dolochar as a reductant in the reduction roasting of iron ore slimes

The present investigation examines the viability of dolochar, a sponge iron industry waste material, as a reductant in the reduction roasting of iron ore slimes, which are another waste generated by iron ore beneficiation plants. Under statistically determined optimum conditions, which include a temperature of 900℃, a reductant-to-feed mass ratio of 0.35, and a reduction time of 30-45 min, the roasted mass, after being subjected to low-intensity magnetic separation, yielded an iron ore concentrate of approximately 64wt% Fe at a mass recovery of approximately 71% from the feed iron ore slime assaying 56.2wt% Fe. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that the magnetic products contain magnetite and hematite as the major phases, whereas the nonmagnetic fractions contain quartz and hematite.     

Corrosion mechanism of magnesia-chromite refractories by ZnO-containing fayalite slags: Effect of funnel glass addition

An efficient approach for lead extraction from waste funnel glass through the lead smelting process has been proposed. To clarify the effect of funnel glass addition on the degradation of magnesia-chromite refractories by ZnO-containing fayalite slag, the corrosion behavior of magnesia-chromite refractories in lead smelting slags with different funnel glass additions from 0 wt% to 40 wt% was tested. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS) was used to acquire the microstructural information of the worn refractory samples. Experimental results showed that the corrosion of magnesia-chromite refractory consisted predominantly of the dissolution of MgO into slag. ZnO and FeO reacted with periclase and chromite to form(Zn,Fe,Mg)O solid solution and(Zn,Fe,Mg)(Fe,Al,Cr)_2O_4 spinel, respectively. With the addition of funnel glass, the solubility of MgO increased whereas ZnO levels remained stable, thereby resulting in a reduced Mg content and an elevated Zn and Fe content in the(Zn,Fe,Mg)O solid solution and the(Zn,Fe,Mg)(Fe,Al,Cr)_2O_4 spinel. Considering the stability of the(Zn,Fe,Mg)O solid solution layer and the penetration depth of the slag, the optimal funnel glass addition for lead smelting was found to be 20 wt%.     

Effects of Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> on the properties of ceramics from steel slag

Ferric oxide is one of the key factors affecting both the microstructure and the properties of CaO-MgO-SiO₂-based ceramics. Research on this effect is significant in the utilization of iron-rich solid wastes in ceramics. Ceramic samples with various Fe₂O₃ contents (0wt%, 5wt%, and 10wt%) were prepared and the corresponding physical properties and microstructure were studied. The results indicated that Fe₂O₃ not only played a fluxing role, but also promoted the formation of crystals. Ceramics with 5wt% of Fe₂O₃ addition attained the best mechanical properties with a flexural strength of 132.9 MPa. Iron ions were dissolved into diopside, consequently causing phase transformation from diopside and protoenstatite to augite, thereby contributing to the enhancement of its properties. An excess amount of Fe₂O₃ addition (10wt% or more) resulted in deteriorated properties due to the generation of an excess volume of liquid and the formation of high-porosity structures within ceramics.     

吉林省工业固体废物在水泥行业的资源化研究

从吉林省工业固体废物的产生和利用现状出发,结合水泥行业特点,提出了用粉煤灰、煤矸石、镍渣、废铁矿等废物替代黏土、铁矿石和煤等天然资源生产水泥的利废途径,并分别在技术、经济和环境方面进行了详细的分析,证明了其方法可行,效益显著.     

城市固体废物焚烧炉飞灰中重金属酸溶出研究

对城市固体废物(MSW)焚烧炉飞灰中Cu,Pb和Zn 3种重金属的酸溶出过程进行了研究,结果显示在选用的3种不同浓度的酸中,只有浓度为0.5 mol/L的酸对3种重金属的溶出较理想.研究表明采用0.5 mol/L的酸对飞灰溶解搅拌约3 h后便可溶出大约50%~80%的Zn、40%~55%的Pb和50%左右的Cu,同时一些易溶金属如Mg,Ca和Al也大量溶出,但Fe和Si在飞灰中相对稳定,溶出量相对较少.飞灰经过酸处理后基本上可以满足填埋要求.     

A review of the synthesis and application of zeolites from coal-based solid wastes

Zeolite derived from coal-based solid wastes(coal gangue and coal fly ash)can overcome the environmental problems caused by coal-based solid wastes and achieve valuable utilization.In this paper,the physicochemical properties of coal gangue and coal fly ash are introduced.The mechanism and application characteristics of the pretreatment processes for zeolite synthesis from coal-based solid wastes are also introduced.The synthesis processes of coal-based solid waste zeolite and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized.Furthermore,the application characteristics of various coal-based solid waste zeolites and their common application fields are illustrated.Finally,we propose an alkaline fusion-assisted supercritical hydrothermal crystallization as an efficient method for synthesizing coal-based solid waste zeolites.In addition,more attention should be given to the recycling of alkaline waste liquid and the application of coal-based solid waste zeolites in the field of volatile organic compound adsorption removal.     

庄河产薏米的成分分析

对市售庄河产薏米的成分进行分析。薏米的水分、灰分、脂肪、纤维、蛋白质的质量分数应用国标法进行测定。采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对薏米中Zn、Na、Mg、Fe、Ca、Cu、Mn、Sr等8种微量元素进行测定。结果表明:薏米的水分、灰分、脂肪、纤维、蛋白质的质量分数分别为10.73%,1.64%,5.56%,0.44%,14.26%。Zn、Na、Mg、Fe、Ca、Cu、Mn、Sr的质量分数分别为43.24,118.64,1 193.60,212.90,749.00,11.07,36.06,0.64μg.g-1。各元素在实验范围内加标回收率和精密度均较好,加标回收率为95%～105%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。     

Size distributions of major elements in residual ash particles from coal combustion

Combustion experiments for three coals of different ranks were conducted in an electrically-heated drop tube furnace. The size distributions of major elements in the residual ash particles (>0.4μm) such as Al, Si, S, P, Na, Mg, K, Ca and Fe were investigated. The experimental results showed that the concentrations of Al and Si in the residual ash particles decreased with decreasing particle size, while the concentrations of S and P increased with decreasing particle size. No consistent size distributions were obtained for Na, Mg, K, Ca and Fe. The established deposition model accounting for trace element distributions was demonstrated to be applicable to some major elements as well. The modeling results indicated that the size distributions of the refractory elements, Al and Si, were mainly influenced by the deposition of vaporized elements on particle surfaces. A dominant fraction of S and P vaporized during coal combustion. Their size distributions were determined by surface condensation, reaction or adsorption. The partitioning mechanisms of Na, Mg, K, Ca and Fe were more complex. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50706013, 50721005 & 50720145604)     

石灰泥等工业“三废”调剖室内研究及现场应用

在分析中原油田开发中调剖措施的必要性及石灰泥、废纸浆、锯木灰等工业“三废”现状后,利用室内试验前后岩心渗透率、铸体图象、压汞毛管压力曲线、扫描电镜孔隙变化等分析结果,研究了石灰泥等工业“三废”在中原油田调剖的可行性。通过133井次的现场试验结果证明,石灰泥等工业“三废”适用于中原油田水井调剖。结合目前注水冲刷地层孔隙结构变化的特点,还提出了配套改进办法和扩大应用规模的建议。     

采出污水配制聚合物溶液的影响因素研究

研究了聚合物驱采出污水中Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Fe3+六种离子对聚合物溶液初始黏度的影响和溶解氧、阳离子、粘土矿物以及细菌对其稳定性的影响程度,提出了采出污水配注聚合物的参考控制指标和限度。研究结果表明,高价金属阳离子是影响聚合物水溶液初始黏度的主要因素,其由大到小的顺序为Fe2+＞Fe3+＞Mg2+＞Ca2+＞Na+＞K+。配制用水的基本要求是不含铁离子,Ca2+离子含量控制在200mg/L以下,最好控制在50mg/L以下;Mg2+离子含量控制在100mg/L以下,最好控制在30mg/L以下;Na+、K+离子含量应该控制在2000mg/L以下,最好控制在500mg/L以下。高价金属离子和溶解氧是影响聚合物溶液黏度稳定性的主要因素,其由大到小的顺序为：Fe2+>Mg2+(Ca2+)>Fe3+>Na+(K+),一价阳离子和悬浮物对聚合物溶液黏度稳定性也有一定影响,细菌对其影响相对较小。     

两种金属离子[Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)]——螯合剂缓冲体系中自由[Ca~(2+)]的计算

在一种金属离子[Ca2+ ]及两种金属离子[Ca2+ ,Mg2+ ]螯合剂缓冲体系中总[Ca2+ ]t 的计算工作基础上,进行了含有两种金属离子[Ca2+ ,Mg2+ ]——螯合剂缓冲体系中自由钙[Ca2+ ]的计算研究.特别是利用微机给出了简单计算公式,编制了计算程序;并给出部分常用数据.只要在所需pH 值、温度、[EDTA]t 或[EGTA]t 浓度条件下,根据实验要求,由[Ca2+ ]t 和[Mg2+ ]t 就可以求出自由[Ca2+ ].     

Effects of Zn content on the microstructure and the mechanical and corrosion properties of as-cast low-alloyed Mg–Zn–Ca alloys

The effects of Zn content on the microstructure and the mechanical and corrosion properties of as-cast low-alloyed Mg–xZn–0.2Ca alloys (x=0.6wt%, 2.0wt%, 2.5wt%, hereafter denoted as 0.6Zn, 2.0Zn, and 2.5Zn alloys, respectively) are investigated. The results show that the Zn content not only influences grain refinement but also induces different phase precipitation behaviors. The as-cast microstructure of the 0.6Zn alloy is composed of α-Mg, Mg₂Ca, and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phases, whereas 2.0Zn and 2.5Zn alloys only contain α-Mg and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phases, as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Moreover, with increasing Zn content, both the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the elongation to fracture first increase and then decrease. Among the three investigated alloys, the largest UTS (178 MPa) and the highest elongation to fracture (6.5%) are obtained for the 2.0Zn alloy. In addition, the corrosion rate increases with increasing Zn content. This paper provides an updated investigation of the alloy composition–microstructure–property relationships of different Zn-containing Mg–Zn–Ca alloys.     

EDTA滴定钙镁离子时铁(Ⅲ)离子的干扰及其排除

铁(Ⅲ)离子对滴定钙、镁离子的干扰原因是其对指示剂的配位封闭作用。延缓指示剂的加入或滤去氢氧化铁沉淀均可排除干扰。     

粉煤灰基聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂的制备

为使废弃物可资源化利用,以七台河电厂排出的粉煤灰为原料,通过焙烧活化、浸硅、提铝、聚合等工艺,制备聚合硅酸铝铁絮凝剂。煤泥水絮凝实验表明：当pH为3,熟化温度为60℃,n（Si）：（n（Al）＋n（Fe））为1∶1,n（Al）∶n（Fe）为2∶1时,制备的絮凝剂的絮凝效果最佳,煤泥水剩余浊度达98 NTU。聚硅酸铁铝的红外光谱分析显示,该絮凝剂中含有羟基络合物。该研究可为电厂废弃物利用提供新思路。     

微乳液制备粉煤灰微珠负载型La~(3+)、Fe~(3+)共掺杂TiO_2光催化剂

以粉煤灰微珠为载体,采用微乳液法制备La3+、Fe3+共掺杂TiO2光催化剂.并用透射电镜、扫描电镜对复合粒子的形貌进行观察;X射线衍射对煅烧后复合粒子中的组分进行分析;分光光度法测得TiO2在粉煤灰微珠表面的包覆率;分光光度计测定催化剂甲基橙的脱色率.实验结果表明:采用微乳液法制备的负载型Fe3+、La3+共掺杂TiO2尺寸均匀,分散度较好,包覆率达到35.67%,甲基橙的脱色率为48%,催化剂可再生5次.Fe3+、La3+共掺杂的协同作用使催化剂活性更高,Fe3+、La3+的最佳掺杂量分别为0.3%、1.0%.     

广西玉林产黄花倒水莲的矿质元素分析

为了更充分了解和利用广西玉林特色中药材黄花倒水莲,实验采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了玉林产的黄花倒水莲中钙（Ca）、铁（Fe）、镁（Mg）、锰（Hn）、铜（Cu）、铅（Pb）元素的含量,实验结果表明玉林产的黄花倒水莲中钙、锰、铁、镁含量较高,而有害元素铅含量较低,6种矿质元素的含量依次是Ca〉Mn〉Fe〉Mg〉Cu〉Pb。玉林产黄花倒水莲具有很好的开发、利用前景．     

有机重金属复合污染对香樟吸收营养离子的影响

采用土培试验研究了聚已戊二酯重金属复合污染处理对香樟吸收营养元素的影响。研究结果表明:高浓度重金属可以增加根部对Ca2+、Fe2+吸收,增加叶片对Ca2+、Mg2+的吸收,但降低了香樟根部对Mg2+及叶片对Fe2+的吸收。与有机浓度100mg/kg处理相比,根和叶在有机浓度为50mg/kg对Ca2+、Mg2+的吸收能力有所增强,但对Fe2+的吸收能力有所减弱。根部吸收重金属离子与吸收营养元素离子间呈现显著的相关性,但叶中重金属吸收和营养元素吸收之间没有明显的相关关系。     

果胶酶催化条件探索及澄清果汁的研究

测定了黑曲霉JB513果胶酶催化果汁澄清的最适条件.并对影响果汁澄清的其它因素进行了考察,结果表明,适量的明胶可使果汁澄清的时间缩短;纤维素酶有利于果汁的澄清;金属离子Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)对果胶酶有激活作用,Sn~(2+),Fe~(3+)对果胶酶有抑制作用.     

Influence of CeO<Subscript>2</Subscript> addition on the preparation of foamed glass-ceramics from high-titanium blast furnace slag

Foamed glass-ceramics doped with cerium oxide (CeO₂) were successfully prepared from high-titanium blast furnace slag by one-step sintering. The influence of CeO₂ addition (1.5wt%–3.5wt%) on the crystalline phases, microstructure, and properties of foamed glass-ceramics was studied. Results show that CeO₂ improves the stability of the glass phase and changes the two-dimensional crystallization mechanism into three-dimensional one. XRD analysis indicates the presence of Ca(Mg, Fe)Si₂O₆ and Ca(Ti, Mg, Al)(Si, Al)₂O₆ in all sintered samples. Added with CeO₂, TiCeO₄ precipitates, and crystallinity increases, leading to increased thickness of pore walls and uniform pores. The comprehensive properties of foamed glass-ceramics are better than that of samples without CeO₂. In particular, the sample added with a suitable amount of CeO₂ (2.5wt%) exhibits bulk density that is similar to and compressive strength (14.9 MPa) that is more than twice of foamed glass-ceramics without CeO₂.     

大连地区蒲公英不同部位微量元素的光谱测定

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对大连地区蒲公英根、茎、叶、花、种子不同部位的8种微量元素含量进行了测定分析。分析比较了HNO3+HCl、HNO3+H2SO4、HNO3+HClO4这3种不同混酸的消化程度,确定了HNO3+HClO4混酸体系为最佳消化液,最佳混合体积比为4∶1,最佳消化时间为5 min。各元素在实验范围内,加标回收率和精密度较好,加标回收率为92.5%～107%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。分析结果表明,蒲公英中K、Ca、Mg、Na和Fe等人体所需的微量元素含量丰富,表现为:在叶中,Ca>K>Mg>Mn>Cu>Fe>Na>Zn;在花中,K>Ca>Mg>Fe>Na>Cu>Mn>Zn;在根中,K>Ca>Mg>Na>Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn;在种子中,K>Ca>Mg>Cu>Mn>Fe>Na>Zn;在茎中,K>Ca>Mg>Na>Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn。本研究为大连蒲公英的合理利用及开发提供了依据。