Effect of cyclophosphamide on development of reticulum cell sarcoma in SJL/J mice

Summary Studies to determine the effect of cyclophosphamide (CY) on the development of reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) in SJL/J mice indicated a dependence on the duration of the test period. Age also appeared a factor of importance. Thus, a comparison of tumor incidences at 52 weeks of age showed maximal inhibition when CY was administered at 40 weeks, minimal inhibition when the drug was given at 30 weeks, and intermediate inhibition when treatment was initiated at 10 and 20 weeks. Consistent with these findings, long-term treatment of 40-week-old SJL/J mice with low doses of CY resulted in an increase in the mean survival time and in a reduction in the incidence of RCS. This work was supported in part by a University College Faculty Research Grant.     

Effect of age on the activity of rat testicular arginine-aminopeptidase

Effects of age on arginine-aminopeptidase activity were investigated in the rat testis. A marked rise of the enzyme activity in 6-week-old rats corresponded to the appearance of spermatids in the later stages of their development.     

Effect of the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone on spermatogenesis in mice

Chronic treatment of mice with the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone (50 mg/kg, 3 times per week) reduced the number of pachytene spermatocytes. Nabilone did not affect other cell types in the testis or the sex organ weights. Nabilone tended to increase the number of abnormal spermatozoa, but this did not reach statistical significance. It is concluded that nabilone causes less testicular toxicity than the natural cannabinoids.     

Effect of the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone on spermatogenesis in mice

Summary Chronic treatment of mice with the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone (50 mg/kg, 3 times per week) reduced the number of pachytene spermatocytes. Nabilone did not affect other cell types in the testis or the sex organ weights. Nabilone tended to increase the number of abnormal spermatozoa, but this did not reach statistical significance. It is concluded that nabilone causes less testicular toxicity than the natural cannabinoids.PBP was supported by an ORS award and David Livingstone Bursary from the U.K.     

Developmental change of EEG in rat from 4th to 16th week.

The development of EEG in 8 male rats from 4 to 16 weeks age were studied chronically. Theta band had the highest power at 5--16 weeks. Especially after 11 weeks, theta band presented a significantly higher peak than that of 4-week-old. In contrast to this, delta band, which had the highest power at 4 weeks, was markedly decreased.     

Developmental change of EEG in rat from 4th to 16th week

Summary The development of EEG in 8 male rats from 4 to 16 weeks age were studied chronically. Theta band had the highest power at 5–16 weeks. Especially after 11 weeks, theta band presented a signigicantly higher peak than that of 4-week-old. In contrast to this, delta band, which had the highest power at 4 weeks, was markedly decreased.     

Cytotoxicity of ethyl methanesulfonate in mice spermatogonia.

Enumeration of different types of spermatogonia, following a single i.p. administration of different doses of ethyl methanesulfonate in mice, showed a survival of A1-A4 and in spermatogonia is markedly reduced due to cell killing while the remaining types of spermatogonia were affected marginally. The cell killing effect was dose-dependent, and replenishment of these cells was observed by the end of one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium comprising of 8.5 days.     

Cytotoxicity of ethyl methanesulfonate in mice spermatogonia

Summary Enumeration of different types of spermatogonia, following a single i.p. administration of different doses of ethyl methanesulfonate in mice, showed that survival of A₁–A₄ and in spermatogonia is markedly reduced due to cell killing while the remaining types of spermatogonia were affected marginally. The cell killing effect was dose-dependent, and replenishment of these cells was observed by the end of one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium comprising of 8.5 days.     

Chemical protection of mouse spermatocytes against gamma-rays with 2-mercaptopropionylglycine

The radiosensitivity of primary spermatocytes in pachytene stage was estimated by counting the number of spermatids in the testes of control and MPG-treated mouse after exposure to 500, 1000 and 1500 R of Co60 gamma-rays. For this purpose, control and MPG-treated mice were killed 5 days after irradiation and countings of spermatids was made in stages I and II of the tubules. It has been observed that, although there was a death of primary spermatocytes in irradiated MPG-protected groups, quantitatively significant protection was afforded by this drug at all the 3 dose-levels studied.     

Chemical protection of mouse spermatocytes against gamma-rays with 2-mercaptopropionylglycine

Summary The radiosensitivity of primary spermatocytes in pachytene stage was estimated by counting the number of spermatids in the testes of control and MPG-treated mouse after exposure to 500, 1000 and 1500 R of Co⁶⁰ gammarays. For this purpose, control and MPG-treated mice were killed 5 days after irradiation and countings of spermatids was made in stages I and II of the tubules. It has been observed that, although there was a death of primary spermatocytes in irradiated MPG-protected groups, quantitatively significant protection was afforded by this drug at all the 3 dose-levels studied.     

人结肠癌CW-2干细胞获取方法研究

目的运用3种不同的方法分离纯化人结肠癌CW-2干细胞,并对其分离纯化效率进行比较,探讨获得癌干细胞的有效方法。方法采用单纯无血清悬浮培养、无血清悬浮培养联合化疗药物、流式细胞分选技术分别富集人结肠癌细胞株CW-2干细胞;然后运用流式细胞术、NOD—SCID小鼠致瘤实验和Transwell侵袭实验分析比较3种方法的富集效率。结果无血清悬浮培养细胞．无血清悬浮培养联合化疗药物处理细胞和流式细胞仪分选技术分选后细胞中具有结肠癌干细胞特性的CD44＋EPCAM_细胞分别为（59．39±4．55）％、（74.36±6．78）％、（86．43±8．43）％;3群细胞的成瘤能力和侵袭能力都存在显著统计学差异（P值〈0．05）：流式细胞分选技术分选后细胞〉无血清悬浮培养联合化疗药物处理细胞〉单纯无血清悬浮培养细胞。结论流式细胞分选技术富集癌干细胞的能力强于单纯无血清悬浮培养和无血清悬浮培养联合化疗药物,无血清悬浮培养联合化疗药物又强于单纯无血清悬浮培养。     

Level of marker enzymes in spermatogenesis on administration of PGF2 alpha in rats.

Intraperitoneal administration of PGF 2 alpha in rats significantly increased testicular acid phosphatase (p less than 0.05), decreased hyaluronidase (p less than 0.05), whereas the activities of 5'-nucleotidase, N-acetyl-B-glucosaminidase, B-galactosidase and uridine diphosphatase remained unaffected.     

Gametes contain angiotensin converting enzyme (kininase II)

Summary The localization of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in the gonads of the normal rabbit was studied by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. The enzyme is present in the cytoplasm of testicular spermatids and of epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa, and on the surface of follicular and tubal cocytes. These findings support the hypothesis that ACE has a role in gamete maturation and in fertilization.Acknowledgments. This study was supported by NIH grant AM36807 and by grants from the American Heart Association, the Joe and Emily Lowe Foundation, and the Dana Foundation. We thank L. Fernandez, B. Luders, I. Pawlowski, and K. Schwegler for technical assistance.     

Age-related differences in the urinary excretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha catabolites in the rat

Tritium-labeled PGF2 alpha was administered i.v. into rats of varying ages (2, 4, 6 weeks and adult). Urine was collected and assayed for radioactive products by thin-layer-chromatography. Results showed a distinctly different urinary profile between the 2-week-old and the adult rat. While the urinary pattern from the 2-week-old rat gave a single less polar product than PGF2 alpha, the pattern from the adult rat gave products more polar than PGF2 alpha. Urine from the 4- and 6-week-old rats gave a mixture of these types of products. These results indicate that some prostaglandin catabolic pathway (likely the omega-oxidative system) is activated in vivo within the 4-6 week postnatal period in the rat.     

Age-dependent response of lactate dehydrogenase of pituitary of rat to testosterone

Summary The effects of time and various doses of testosterone on the responsiveness of lactate dehydrogenase of pituitary of 7-, 38- and 78-week-old rats were studied. The activity of the enzyme increases in 78-week-old rats. Castration decreases the enzyme activity at all ages. Maximum increase in the enzyme activity is seen with 50 and 100 g of testosterone 4 h after administration of hormone to castrated rats. No further time and dose-dependent effect is observed. The magnitude of increase for the enzyme is higher at the age of 38 weeks and decreases in 78-week-old rats.To whom all correspondence should be addressed. The authors are grateful to Professor M.S. Kanungo, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University for the suggestions and encouragement. K.V.G. thanks the PL-480 for a research fellowship.     

链脲佐菌素诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠对视网膜神经节细胞及眼压的影响

目的 研究糖尿病小鼠视网膜神经无细胞及眼压的变化.方法 5周龄的C57BL/6小鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型.模型建立后3周和6周,行眼压测量与视网膜神经节细胞计数.结果 与对照鼠相比较,糖尿病小鼠的眼压升高(P＜0.01),视网膜神经节细胞比值减少(P＜0.01).结论 糖尿病会导致小鼠视网膜神经节细胞的减少和眼压升高,这些病理改变可能是糖尿病视网膜病变的重要组成部分.     

Protective effect of Shigyaku-to,a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,on the infection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in mice

The antiviral activity of Shigyaku-to (TJS-109), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, was investigated in mice infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). TJS-109 is a combination of the medicinal plant extracts fromZingiberis siccatum rhizoma,Aconiti tuber andGlycyrrhizae radix in a specific proportion. Mice infected with a 10 LD₅₀ dose of HSV-1 were treated with TJS-109 orally at doses of 1.25 to 20 mg/kg 2 days before, and 1 and 4 days after the infection. The treated groups had 80% (1.25 mg/kg), 40% (5 mg/kg) and 23% (20 mg/kg) mortality rates 25 days after the infection as compared with a 100% mortality rate in control mice treated with saline. When HSV-1 infected mice (recipients) received CD8⁺T cell fractions derived from spleens of mice treated with TJS-109 (donors), 70% of recipients survived, as compared with 0% survivors in the groups of mice treated with saline, B cell fractions, CD4⁺ T cell fractions or macrophage-enriched fractions prepared from the same donors. TJS-109 did not show any virucidal activities against HSV-1 or any virostatic activities on the growth of HSV-1 in Vero cells. These results suggest that TJS-109 protected mice exposed to lethal amounts of HSV-1 through the activation of CD8⁺ T cells.     

Conversion of testosterone to androstenedione by liver homogenates of testicular feminized mice

Summary Liver homogenates of testicular feminized (Tfm) mice carrying the protective (o^hv) gene were found to be less capable of converting testosterone to androstenedione than Tfm without the protective gene.This work was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada, No. MT 4192 and Ortho Pharmaceutical Company.     

The effect of a low protein diet on the adipocytes of rat perigenital fat

Weanling rats were fed a low protein diet for 6 weeks and their weights were 50% less than controls. There were significantly fewer adipocytes per microgram adipose tissue, but estimates of the number of adipocytes per rat indicated that the diet had much less effect on adipocyte number than on b. wt.