自动消解-原子荧光法测定有机锗和总锗

以药材中有机锗和总锗为综合考察指标,利用GeCl₄沸点低的性质,设计程序使用全自动石墨消解仪对药材中有机锗和无机锗进行消解和分离,并采用原子荧光法检测药材中锗含量.结果表明,样品用质量分数为1%的HNO₃溶液处理后在50℃下振荡40 min,再将溶液倒入6 mol/L HCl溶液中于100℃下加热60 min,可实现无机锗和有机锗的分离.方法检出限为0.16μg/L,加标回收率为92.5%～104.0%,RSD为2.01%～3.77%,符合检测要求.     

氯化铵氯化-二酰异羟肟酸萃取法从粉煤灰中提取锗的研究

采用氯化铵氯化—二酰异羟肟酸萃取法从粉煤灰中提取锗.即用氯化铵氯化粉煤灰中的锗,使锗以氯化物的形式挥发富集,用浓度小于6 mol/L的盐酸溶液吸收富集水解GeCl4得到氧化锗.煤灰中锗的氯化适宜条件为向粉煤灰中加入其重量20%的NaHCO3焙烧1 h,往焙砂中加入粉煤灰重量15%的氯化铵,在400℃下焙烧90min,锗的氯化回收率≥81.5%.用1.5%H2SO4(固液质量比为1∶2)进行逆流浸取氯化焙渣中的锗,调节浸出液pH=1.0,以二酰异羟肟酸(DHYA)为萃取剂,异辛醇为溶剂,磺化煤油为稀释剂,在VO/VA=1∶4、CDHYA=0.5mol/Lt、=8 min的条件下进行三级逆流萃取酸浸出液中的锗,锗总萃取率≥99.5%;用2.5 mol/L的NH4F进行二级反萃取锗,反萃率≥99.5%.氯化铵氯化焙烧—DHYA萃取法提取粉煤灰中锗的综合回收率≥95%.     

氧化锌烟尘浸出液中锗的分离富集

针对单宁沉锗工艺中存在单宁引入影响锌电解和单宁消耗量大导致工艺成本高的问题,开展中和沉淀-浸出富集锗研究,替代单宁沉锗达到富集锗的目的。以氧化锌烟尘浸出液为原料、工业氧化锌烟尘为中和剂,考察时间、pH、温度对中和沉淀效果影响,研究中和沉淀过程中锗、铁、砷、硅元素行为规律,同时考察中和渣浸出效果。研究结果表明：经两段逆流中和沉淀,一段温度为45℃、中和时间为2 h、pH=4.0～4.5,二段温度为45℃、中和时间为1.5 h、通氧量为60 L/h、pH=5.0～5.2,一段中和渣含锗1.13%,二段沉锗后液中锗质量浓度为1.98 mg/L,锗、铁、砷和硅的沉淀率分别为99.08%、26.72%、99.12%和95.36%,沉锗后液可直接返回锌冶炼系统。将中和渣经氧压-常压浸出后,氧压浸出渣中锗含量为3 148.9 g/t,浸出液锗质量浓度为1.72 g/L,锗、铁、砷和硅的浸出率分别为85.86%、25.46%、68.33%和11.39%。氧压浸出渣再经常压浸出后,常压浸出渣中锗含量为1884.9g/t,浸出液中锗质量浓度为331.1 mg/L,锗浸出率提升至95.96%,在富集锗的同时...     

海参加工废液中海参皂苷提取工艺的研究

目的:研完和优化从海参加工废液中提取海参皂苷的工艺,为海参皂苷的规模化生产创造条件.方法:本文利用AB-8大孔树脂从海参加工度弃液中提取分离海参皂苷,并采用正交设计进行了提取工艺条件的优化.结果:经研究和优化确定了海参毫苷的最佳提取条件:海参废弃液pH值为10,上样速率为2倍柱体积(BY)/h、洗脱用乙醇激度为70%、洗脱体积为6倍柱体积.性质鉴定结果显示,海参皂苷在Molish反应、泡沫实验、沉淀实验和Libermann-Burchard反应中均呈阳性,表明所得提取物确为皂苷;结论:本文确定了利用AB-8型大孔树脂提取海参皂苷的最佳工艺,为海参皂苷的规模化生产奠定了基础.     

海参内脏酶解制备海参肽工艺

以蛋白水解度和酶解液中海参肽相对分子质量的分布作为指标,考察不同蛋白酶的酶解效果,筛选水解海参内脏的最适合蛋白酶,并通过单因素实验和正交实验优化酶解工艺.实验结果表明:胰蛋白酶的水解效果最佳,可用于水解海参内脏制备海参肽;在底物质量分数为1.0%,加酶量为0.375 1 mkat·g^-1,pH值为8.0,酶解温度为37 ℃,水解时间为5 h的最优酶解条件下,海参内脏的水解度可达到48.90%,酶解液中的多肽(2 000~5 000 u)质量分数为52.68%,寡肽(含氨基酸)(≤2 000 u)质量分数为47.25%.     

辉光放电无定形锗硅合金膜的红外吸收和氧的扩散

本工作主要着眼于锗硅合金(Si_(1-x) Ge_x∶H)红外吸收谱的某些变化和生长参数的关系,以寻求较合适的生长条件.实验中改变的参数有三个:锗含量,衬底温度,射频功率.我们首次观察到空气中的氧能扩散进某些条件下生长的锗硅合金膜.样品的制备和测量所用无定形锗硅合金膜,是在射频辉光放电中分解一定体积比的硅烷(SiH_4)和锗烷(GeH_4)淀积而成.硅烷、锗烷的纯度为99.999%,水和氧的含量都少于五百万分之一.红外测量的样品是淀积在粗抛过的高阻硅单晶片上.用涡旋分子泵把真空室抽空至真空度高于3×10~(-8)乇,然后通进硅烷和锗烷,按所要求的体积比进行混和,并把总压力固定在0.25乇.锗的含量x 在0和0.75之间变化,衬底温度在228—     

蒙药阿敏-额尔敦中锗的差分脉冲极谱研究

采用差分脉冲扫描法,在pH=1.30H2SO4和3,4-二羟基苯甲醛(DHB)底液中,测得无机锗的脉冲极谱波,峰电位为Ep=-0.53V,Ge(Ⅳ)浓度在1.03×10-5～1.04×10-4mol·L-1范围内与峰电流呈线性关系,利用差分脉冲极谱法可以测得蒙药阿敏额尔敦中总锗、无机锗和有机锗含量,得到了满意的结果.     

固定化真菌α淀粉酶在海参饵料添加剂方面的应用研究

采用海藻酸钠为载体固定化真菌α-淀粉酶,首次作为海参饵料添加剂考察了固定化的最适条件和固定化酶的酶学性质.结果表明:海藻酸钠质量分数2.5%,加酶量15%,CaCl2质量分数2%,固定化时间1.0 h固定化酶活力最高.固定化酶的最适温度范围在55～60℃,最适pH在5.0～5.5之间.固定化酶在添加量为0.16 mg/g(干饵料),酶解时间25～30 min效果最佳.     

葛根素-锗配合物的合成及其抗炎活性研究

以葛根素和氧化锗为原料合成葛根素-锗配合物.采用紫外及红外技术对配合物的结构进行初步表征.采用二甲苯诱导小鼠耳廓肿胀炎症模型,以肿胀度和抑制率为抗炎活性指标,测定葛根素-锗配合物的抗炎活性.结果表明,葛根素与锗离子生成了配合物,与锗发生配位的基团是葛根素分子中B环的4'-羟基,而不是A环的7-羟基及C环的羰基.葛根素-锗配合物的抗炎活性(抗炎肿胀度抑制率为75.91%)远远高于葛根素配体(抗炎肿胀度抑制率为32.49%),也远远高于临床常用的甾体抗炎药-氢化可的松(抗炎肿胀度抑制率为48.74%).     

从碱性腐蚀液中回收锗的实验探究

用沉淀法将碱性腐蚀液中的锗进行沉淀富集回收,对锗回收的适宜的实验条件进行实验探究.讨论了沉淀剂种类及用量,实验温度,碱性腐蚀液的pH值,沉淀时间等因素对锗的回收率的影响.结果表明:在常温下,以FeCl3 为沉淀剂,碱性腐蚀液的起始pH值为6.5,沉淀时间为90 min时,锗的回收率达到了80%以上.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with