焊接热循环和拘束应变对HAZ疲劳特性的影响

采用焊接热模拟技术研究了焊接热循环和拘束应变对ＥＨ３６ＭＯＤ钢热影响区（ＨＡＺ）粗晶区疲劳特性的影响，结果表明，试验材料焊接粗晶区呈现Ｍａｓｉｎｇ特性，所建立的滞回能计算公式的计算值与试验吻合得较好，在０．５％的恒应变幅低周疲劳试验中，试验材料中在２种热循环和不同拘束应变下，均呈现出较微弱的循环软化现象，焊接拘束应变，有提高ｔ８／５＝６ｓ时粗晶区的低周疲劳寿命，但却使ｔ８／５＝５０ｓ时的低周疲劳寿     

焊接热循环和拘束应变对粗晶区组织和性能的影响

籍助于热模拟技术、光学金相和透射电子显徽镜、微型拉伸和冲击试验研究了焊接热循环和拘束应变对ＥＨ３６ＭＯＤ控轧钢焊接粗晶区的显微组织和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明，在２种热循环制度下，粗晶区具有不同的显微组织，当ｔ８／５＝６ｓ时，以下贝氏体和板条马氏体为主，而ｔ８／５＝５０ｓ时，则以先共析铁素体和上贝氏体为主。拘束应变的存在，不仅可细化粗晶区的奥氏体晶粒，而且可使组织形态及其相对量发生改变，相应地提     

含损伤焊接接头裂纹体J积分的有限元数值研究

针对三点弯曲裂纹试样，利用弹塑性损伤-应变耦合的有限元方法，研究了在不同强度匹配焊接接头中，母材区断裂应变的变化对焊缝区裂纹断裂力学参量J积分的影响规律研究结果表明，在焊接接头中，材料损伤的出现将使裂纹扩展驱动力J积分增加，即裂纹更易扩展。对于高、等和低匹配的焊接接头，在焊缝区各项力学性能参数保持不变的条件下，随着母材区断裂应变的减小，焊缝区的塑性应变及裂纹扩展驱动力J积分均有明显的提高，使结构的安全性下降。随着接头强度匹配比的降低(母材屈服强度的升高)，母材区断裂应变的变化对J积分的影响作用逐渐减弱。     

用插销法评定12Ni3 CrMoV钢中硼对焊接冷裂纹的影响

本文采用插销法实测了AK-25钢(苏联产,不含硼)和四种不同含硼量的12Ni3CrMoV钢(国产)手工电弧焊的插销临界拘束应力,用金相法分析了插销HAZ粗晶区的显微组织,并测定了HAZ粗晶区的维氏硬度,用扫描电镜作了插销断口的形貌分析.研究得出12Ni3CrMoV钢中合适量的硼(B％≤0.002％),可提高钢材抗焊接冷裂纹能力的结论。     

二次热循环对管线钢在役焊接粗晶区显微组织的影响

采用焊接热模拟技术、金相分析及透射电镜研究了X70管线钢在役焊接粗晶区及其经受不同峰值温度二次焊接热循环作用后热影响区各区的金相组织和精细结构. 结果表明,在役焊接粗晶区的金相组织主要是板条束贝氏体和粒状贝氏体,经历不同峰值温度的二次热循环后,组织类型没有发生变化,但各种组织的形态、大小、数量以及原奥氏体晶粒大小有些差异. 热影响区各区的主要形貌都是铁素体板条和分布在板条之间或板条基体上的M-A组元. 在役焊接粗晶区M-A组元形态以条状为主,经历二次热循环后,再热临界粗晶区的M-A组元有所细化. 再热临界粗晶区存在下贝氏体组织,且具有典型的"中脊"形貌.     

X80管线钢焊接粗晶区组织与韧性的研究

X80钢经焊接热模拟后粗晶区组织明显粗化，韧性显著下降．低碳时在粗晶区中的贝氏体铁素体板条间形成的硬而脆的Fe3C是恶化粗晶区韧性的主要原因．超低碳时在粗晶区中形成的马氏体-奥氏体(M-A)组元的含量比低碳时少，M-A组元中残余奥氏体所占的比例大，由于马氏体中偏聚的碳含量低，因而其塑性好，同时因超低碳抑制了Fe3C碳化物的形成而改善了粗晶区的韧性．     

低焊接裂纹敏感性钢焊接接头组织及微观力学性能

采用埋弧自动焊接方法焊接高强度低焊接裂纹敏感性钢板,并对其焊接接头进行显微组织观察、维氏显微硬度和纳米压痕检测.结果表明:粗晶热影响区的显微组织以粗大粒状贝氏体为主,由于该区的精细结构中含有大量纳米级析出相,且位错密度较高,使得该区具有较高的维氏显微硬度和纳米硬度值;焊缝区和细晶热影响区的主要显微组织分别为针状铁素体+...     

石化装置9Cr1Mo钢炉管焊接接头的回火脆性

利用热模拟、“阶冷”和等温脆化等试验方法,对９Ｃｒ１Ｍｏ钢炉管焊接接头粗晶区的回火脆性进行了研究。试验结果表明,ＳＲ处理时,９Ｃｒ１Ｍｏ钢炉管焊接接头粗晶区对回火脆性敏感,其敏感温度范围为４５０～５５０℃,但当炉管在高温下长期工作时对回火脆性不敏感。炉管不预热焊接时粗晶区的韧性优于预热２００℃时的韧性。试验还证明,工作应力对粗晶区回火脆性的影响不大。     

921钢焊接接头的断裂韧性

本文研究了国产921船用结构钢焊接接头的断裂韧性问题。对 COD 实验结果和疲劳裂缝扩展实验结果以及断裂韧性,裂缝扩展阻力和实验数据的分散性等问题进行了分析。研究结果表明焊接接头热影响区(HAZ 区)的裂缝韧性低于母材;手工焊接头 HAZ 区的粗晶区断裂韧性最低,自动焊接头的熔合线 COD 值最低,粗晶区的裂缝扩展阻力最低;裂缝启裂阻力与扩展阻力无对应关系,本文指出焊接接头的破损——安全设计应以粗晶区的断裂韧性参量为依据。     

12Ni3CrMoV钢焊接热影响区的断裂特征

本文采用裂纹张开位移(COD)试验方法,对60公斤级高强钢(12Ni3CrMoV)的热模拟试样,单道焊和多道焊实焊试样,热影响区的断裂韧性和裂纹扩展阻力进行了详细的研究.研究表明,在12Ni3CrMoV钢的焊接热影响区中存在着粗晶区脆化和不完全相变区脆化.粗大的马氏体和焊接过程产生的粒状贝氏体是脆化的内在原因.热模拟试样能够反映热影响区中各种组织的相对韧性次序.在模拟粗晶区中,晶粒度的大小是影响裂纹扩展阻力的主要因素.热模拟粗晶区的断裂韧性最差,而多道焊粗晶区具有较好的韧性,这是因为多道焊的粗晶区中马氏体经过多次热循环回火所致.焊接热模拟试样能够反映热影响区中对应组织的韧性,但利用热模拟试样难以评定实际焊接接头中热影响区的裂纹扩展阻力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to