铁素体球墨铸铁低温冲击韧性

为了优化生产工艺,探究化学成分对低温冲击韧性影响规律,通过夏比冲击试验方法研究了3组铸态全铁素体球墨铸铁的低温冲击韧性,分析了硅、碳含量对低温冲击韧性影响及断口形貌。结果表明：3组试样中,冲击韧性随碳含量增多和硅含量降低而升高;冲击韧度值随着温度的降低而下降,-20℃下可以达到15.20 J,冲击韧度值在温度低于-40℃后变化不大,韧脆转变温度在-40℃以上。冲击断口形貌表明,随温度降低,球墨铸铁的断裂机制由韧性断裂转为韧脆混合断裂,最后变为脆性断裂。可见碳硅含量会对低温冲击韧性造成一定影响。     

磷在Fe-P-C-Cu-Mo铁基粉末合金中的分布及其对性能的影响

在铁基粉末冶金材料中,为了获得强韧化效果,磷已被作为添加元素之一。本研究利用俄歇能谱、扫描电镜及能谱仪等研究了含0.6％磷的Fe-P-C-Cu-Mo合金中磷的分布及其对性能的影响。发现在1080℃～1200℃烧结,磷在晶界的浓度高于其在晶内的浓度。在此温度范围内,烧结温度越低,磷在晶界的偏聚程度越高。当烧结后的合金中含有大量的铁素体时,磷的这种偏聚状态对合金冲击韧性的影响被合金组织的影响所掩盖。在1080℃～1240℃烧结的合金断口均为穿晶断裂。此外还观察到回火后磷的分布对合金断裂方式及机械性能影响很大。合金淬火后在200℃回火,固溶在基体中的钼具有抑制磷向晶界偏聚的作用,合金断口表现为穿晶断裂;在400℃回火,由于钼形成了碳化钼(Mo_2C),失去了抑制磷偏聚的作用,这时磷主要偏聚在晶界,造成合金沿晶断裂,冲击韧性下降;在600℃回火,由于温度较高,减少了磷向晶界偏聚的趋势,并有利于磷作长程扩散,此时磷主要偏聚在孔隙表面,使合金具有较高的冲击韧性,合金断口呈韧窝状。     

钨合金力学性能的温度响应

研究90WNiFe(90钨合金)在25～900 ℃的力学性能及断口形貌,得到了温度对90钨合金微观组织和力学性能的影响规律.研究结果表明,随着温度的升高钨合金抗拉强度逐渐下降,断口形貌由钨颗粒解理断裂和粘结相的韧性撕裂为主逐渐向钨颗粒与粘结相界面分离为主转变,钨合金的抗拉强度主要受断口断裂模式的影响;延伸率随温度的升高出现先上升后下降的变化规律,在350 ℃出现峰值,延伸率的变化是合金断口断裂模式的变化和粘结相与钨颗粒塑性变形共同作用的结果.     

X70管线钢焊接热影响区韧性的研究

采用热模拟技术再现了X70管线钢焊接热影响区的组织,研究了热循环的改变对热影响区低温冲击韧性的影响及其断口特征.重点探讨了过热区的韧性对焊后冷速改变的敏感性.试验结果表明.随着峰值温度的提高.冲击韧性明显下降.断口形貌由韧窝状过渡到解理断裂.峰温950℃时.冲击韧性远远高于母材;峰温在1150℃和1350℃时,冲击韧性低于母材.加热到1350℃后,改变冷却速度.低温冲击韧性将发生显著变化.t_(8/5)为20s时.冲击韧性最佳.     

Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er合金冲击韧性研究

研究了不同加工工艺、不同镁含量对Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er合金冲击韧性和拉伸性能的影响。用金相显微镜和透射电镜对冲击变形前的合金进行了原始组织分析,并用扫描电镜分析了冲击断口形貌。结果表明,在相同的加工状态下,随着镁含量的提高冲击韧性下降,而合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度明显增大;在相同的镁含量的情况下,热轧板的冲击韧性明显高于冷轧板,而抗拉强度和屈服强度显著下降。     

X100管线钢冲击断裂过程及止裂性分析

对不同终冷温度的X100管线钢进行了动态示波冲击试验,结合断口形貌及微观组织观察,研究了试验温度、终冷温度及组织对冲击断裂过程及止裂性能的影响.结果表明,终冷温度为400℃时,钢的裂纹形成能及扩展能较高,止裂性能良好,仅-60℃时出现少量分层;终冷温度为520℃时,随试验温度降低,裂纹形成能和扩展能逐渐降低,止裂性能逐渐下降,断口中韧窝脆性倾向增强,分层加重.冲击过程中的最大冲击载荷随试验温度的降低而近似线性增加.组织的均匀、板条边界和晶界处的膜状、细小点状M/A岛、细小析出相均有益于钢的冲击韧性及止裂性能.     

X70管线钢焊接热影响区韧性的研究

采用热模拟技术再现了Ｘ７０管线钢焊接热影响区的组织，研究了热循环的改变对热影响区低温冲击韧性的影响及其断口特征，重点探讨了过热区的韧性对焊后冷速改变的敏感性。试验结果表明，随着峰值温度的提高，冲击韧性明显下降，断口形貌由韧窝状过渡到解理断裂。峰温９５０℃时，冲击韧性远远高于母材；峰温在１１５０℃和１３５０℃时，冲击韧性低于母材。加热到１３５０℃后，改变冷却速度，低温冲击韧性将发生显著变化，ｔ８／５     

P92耐热钢接头组织与冲击性能

P92铁素体耐热钢因其优异的高温综合性能而作为超超临界发电机组用钢.采用金相显微镜﹑显微硬度计和扫描电子显微镜等分析方法,研究了TIG自熔焊后760℃回火不同保温时间对P92钢接头组织、显微硬度及冲击性能的影响,从显微组织和断口形貌角度对性能的变化进行了分析.结果表明:P92钢焊态下焊缝区平均显微硬度为400HV_(0.5),冲击韧性值为20J.经回火热处理,焊缝区显微硬度显著降低,冲击韧性提高,接头中δ-铁素体体积分数显著减少.在760℃回火保温7h后,焊缝区平均硬度下降到234HV_(0.5),冲击韧性值增加到86J.随回火时间的延长,断口形貌从韧/脆混合断裂向韧性断裂过渡.     

高强高韧低合金锰钢的研制

采用多元合金化思路设计了一种新型低合金高强度高韧性锰钢.研究了该钢的静态CCT曲线、显微组织、断口形貌以及热处理工艺对钢的力学性能的影响.结果表明:该钢中过冷奥氏体的稳定性高,具有高淬透性及高回火稳定性,经890～930℃淬火及200～230℃回火后获得回火板条马氏体组织,使该钢具有高的强韧性(抗拉强度Rm≥1500MPa,冲击韧性Akv≥85J)匹配;钢中适当提高锰含量,符合我国资源情况,具有较高的性价比.     

32Mn-7Cr-0.6Mo-0.3N奥氏体钢低温变形与断裂的特征

测定了３２Ｍｎ－７Ｃｒ－０．６Ｍｏ－０．３Ｎ奥氏体钢７７Ｋ温度下的力学性能、组织稳定性,并研究了其低温变形和断裂行为。结果表明：该钢具有很好的低温强度和韧性以及高的组织稳定性。由于氮原子的影响以及在低温变形过程中产生的滑移带、形变孪晶、位错间的相互作用,导致该钢具有较高的加工硬化率和高的均匀延伸率。该钢于７７Ｋ发断口为韧窝占主导并混有少量准解理小刻面的韧性断裂特征。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with