Development of a New-type Sweating Manikin System

IntroductionClothing s heat and moisture transport perfor mance isaffected not only by many physical factors ,such as fabricthickness , weight , and air per meability , but also byclothing construction factors like design/style , size ,accessory ,and how a gar ment is worn.In looking at theresearch conductedin clothing comfort ,various approacheshave been used for measuring ther mal insulation andmoisture evaporative resistance .Experi ments like sweating guarded hot plate testprocedures have …     

服装开口部位对着装热舒适性的影响

服装开口是促进衣下空间与外界环境之间热交换的重要途径.采用暖体假人和人体生理试验方法,在无风和有风两种条件下,对胸部、背部和腋下等不同部位开口及无开口状态下的服装热阻、平均皮肤温度、衣下湿度和主观舒适感等指标进行测量.研究结果显示,服装开口部位对服装总热阻有影响,腋下开口的服装热阻最低;服装开口部位对人体体温调节有显著影响,在胸部和腋下开口有助于增强衣下空气与外界环境之间气体交换,增加对流和蒸发散热,从而减缓皮肤温度和衣下湿度升高.试验结果同时表明,风速对服装热阻及人体各项生理指标的影响更为显著.总体而言,服装腋下部位开口对人体热湿生理调节起到促进作用,具有较好着装舒适感.     

热适环境研究的计算机模拟与分析

为了定量地分析研究人体在着装条件下与周围环境的热湿交换,作者利用经过改进的湿热平板以及暖体假人等设备,对各种面料与服装进行了测试,其结果与传热传质教学模型的计算机求解进行了对比,发现对于一般室内服装,完全可以以数学计算代替繁复的测试而得到足够的精度。计算值可直接输入到热适指标PMV、PPD方程中,从而求得在各种设定条件下,空调环境的最佳设定参数,并且可与能耗分析程序联接,进行空调运行与能耗分析,实现最佳舒适与节能效果。本研究为在热适性环境研究中应用计算机求解与分析提供了实验与理论依据。     

细旦丙纶针织物湿舒适性研究——假人试验技术测试研究

针对新近研制的细旦丙纶纤维,本文依据服装舒适性理论,运用先进的假人试验技术,对细旦丙纶试验服的湿热传递性能进行了研究。最后对不同丙纶针织物湿舒适性的差异性进行了归纳分类。     

A Study of Fine Denier Propylene Knitted Fabrics'''' Wet Comfort-The wet Comfort Studied by the Manikin Test

Based on the theory of moisture vapor permeability and liquid moisture transmission through fabrics, this paper is mainly concerned with the wet comfort of the flne de-nier propylene knitted clothing. The heat resistance clo index and the moisture permeability Im index of these clothing are measured with the manildn and discussed. On the while, the manikin deveioped by Fashion Institute of C.T. U. is introduced. At last, according to their Im value these fabrics are classified into different types.     

夏季服用织物动态热湿舒适性的影响因素研究

利用自制的织物动态热湿性能测试仪测定了不同透气性和不同原料的夏季服用织物在皮肤干燥-出汗-蒸发-干燥的过程中的皮肤热损失、微气候区温湿度变化的情况,研究了影响夏季服用织物动态热湿舒适性的因素,指出在外界风速较大或织物的透气量较大时,汗液蒸发是通过紊流扩散进行,由于汗液的快速蒸发,可能使人体产生冷感,此时不同织物的微气候区温湿度差别很小,当外界风速小或织物的透气性小时,汗液的蒸发通过分子扩散进行,此时微气候区的湿度主要受织物吸湿能力的影响,吸湿能力较强时湿度低,纯涤织物在出汗后,由于微气候区湿度较高,将使人产生闷热感,在出汗结束后降温较多可能产生冷感,不宜作为夏季服用织物,纯毛织物因吸湿放热多在出汗初期升温较高,不利于散热,夏季以穿着纯棉、涤棉、毛涤混纺织物的服装为宜.     

织物传热传湿过程中热阻与湿阻的耦合研究

在人体通过衣服向外界的热湿传递过程中，织物的显热和潜热传递会彼此影响，一方面，织物中水汽的变化会引起织物物性参数的改变，因而会改变织物的传热传湿过程，另一方面，织物中水汽的凝结（或蒸发）会释放（或吸收）热量，这又将改变织物中的温度分布，影响到显热传递，上述变化是一个耦合的过程，织物的热阻和湿阻会因为彼此的改变而改变。本文对这种耦合现象进行了数学模型分析，并对一些影响因素进行了分析和讨论。     

高温环境中发汗暖体假人的热生理数值模型

在工业生产、安全防护等领域当中,研究在高温环境中人员与环境间的相互影响具有重要的意义。使用可以模拟人体发热、发汗的暖体假人,可开展人体与环境之间热湿交换模拟研究,以及开展高温环境服装防护性能测试。该文建立了一个基于20分区发汗暖体假人设备的多分区多层传热数值模型,通过实验等方式确定各分区的各项热物理参数,建立热平衡方程组,实现对假人在给定环境中的温度变化以及与服装相互作用的过程。将模型计算结果与实验测试数据对比验证其有效性,在常温和高温范围内的一致性良好。此数值模型可以作为开展高温环境中假人实验的前期计算工具,实现对温度变化和服装性能的快速预测。     

Study on the Factors to Influence Dynamic Heat - moisture Comfort of Summer Clothing Fabrics

In this paper, the factors to influence the dynamic heat - moisture comfort of summer clothing fabrics have been studied. It is pointed out that, when the wind speed outside is high, or the air permeability is very good, the sweat of human body will evaporate mainly through turbulent diffusion. Because of the rapid sweat evaporation, human body will feel cold, and then, the difference in temperature and humidity of the micro - climatic section will be very slight. On the contrary, when the wind speed outside is slow or the air permeability is unsatisfactory, the sweat of human body will evaporate mainly through molecular diffusion, and in this case, the humidity of the micro - climatic section will be depended on the hygroscopicity of the fabric, that' s to say, the better the hygroscopicity, the lower the humidity. It is difficult for pure wool fabric to loss heat because of its giving out much heat during the course of moisture - absorption in the initial stages of sweating. For pure polyester fabric,     

IN RELATION TO CLOTHING COMFORT DYNAMIC MOISTURE TRANSFER THROUGH FABRICS

A sweating apparatus has been developed to permit simultaneous measurement for fabric temperature change and relative humidity change at outer still air layer of fabrics. In this paper, we compared the temperature and relative humidity changes for silk fabrics with polyester fabrics and got GM(1,P) relation models respectively between maximum fabric temperature change, maximum relative humidity change at outer still air layer and relative fabric character parameters. Furthermore, by comparing the objective experiments with subjective wear trials, it is found that the amounts of the change rate of fabric temperature and relative humidity at outer still layer are the most important factors which influence clothing comfort in dynamic moisture transfer condition. The more the changes of temperature and R.H., the more the mugginess and the thermal sensation.     

Study on Properties of Dynamic Heat-Moisture Transfer of Summer Fabrics

The skin heat loss(heat flow)of summer fabrics duringthe course of sweating--evaporating--drying is mea-sured by an apparatus specially made for the purpose.Itis pointed out that:the dynamic heat-moisture comfortcan be described by evaporating rate or time required fordrying out of a certain amount of sweat.The evaporat-ing rate is influenced by the hygroscopic property andthickness of the fabric,the larger the hygroscopicity ofthe fabric with the same thickness,the smaller the evap-orating rate of the perspirated sweat.     

多层服装系统隔热值分配规律的研究

利用姿态可调式暖体假人研究了多层服装系统隔热值的分配规律。建立了多层服装组合系统的隔热值与各件服装的隔热值之间的定量统计学关系式，并从传热学角度分析了原因。     

相连续非饱和多孔介质中水分迁移机理的探讨

本文针对一个连续的相结构模式,分析了非饱和多孔介质中液、气两相的流动问题和水分的迁移机理,并对具有单自由蒸发表面的多孔体结构建立了一个简单易行的数学模型;提出了相应的数值计算方法.本文模型可用于预计自由蒸发制冷及热泵-土壤床埋管问题中水分的蒸发速率,并由此估算热量的抽取率.     

着装方式对服装隔热性作用规律的研究

利用姿态可调式暖体假人研究了着装姿势对服装隔热性的作用和影响规律。研究指出边界静止空气层的隔热值Ia与暖体假人的测试姿势无关，着装姿势影响服装的隔热保暖性能并从传热学角度分析了原因。     

织物动态热湿舒适性能的评价及预测

针对织物动态热湿传递过程复杂、动态热湿舒适性能难以评价的问题,研究服用织物的动态热湿舒适性能.对8种不同纤维的织物在动态实验中接触模拟出汗皮肤时其内外两面的温湿度实时变化情况进行了研究,提取了两项动态特征值用于表征织物的动态热湿舒适性能.同时,结合织物稳态参数的测试和灰色系统理论,研究了动态特征值与稳态参数之间的相关性,最终建立了预测模型,在预测织物动态热湿舒适性能方面取得了较高的预测精度.     

Gray Synthetic Evaluation on Moisture Comfort of Sportswear Fabrics under the Condition of Heavy Sweating

Moisture and water transfer under the condition of heavy sweating are analyzed. Four different experiments are made to test moisture resistance, water-keep, wicking effect and drying ability of samples. Then gray analysis method is introduced to evaluate the comprehensive comfort of these fabrics. Result shows chemical fiber with high moisture transfer performance has advantage in water transfer and diffusion, which is suitable for human under the condition of heavy sweating. Though natural fiber can absorb moisture well, it cannot transfer fluid sweat. Therefore natural fiber fabrics such as cotton, wool are unsuitable to make functional sportswear.     

Heat Production Rate Calculation of Thermal Manikin with a Compensation Method

Thermal manikin plays important roles in simulating thethermal state of human bodies to facilitate the evaluationof thermal comfort properties of various clothing assem-blies.Based on the heat balance principle and analysis ofrelated factors,the heat production rate of manikin isrecommended as an efficient evaluation index.Whereas,its inside heat production which occurs as a result of theexistence of temperature difference between its insidepart and outside surface,should not be ignored.Through a series of theoretical analysis and calculations,a compensative equation is deduced in this paper.     

人体着装热调节及其评价

介绍人体着装后的热调节功能,散热模型分类及关于暖体假人模型设计,隔热热阻计算,并分析该模型的使用条件及局限性。     

A Study of Fine Denier Propylene Knitted Fabrics'''' Wet Comfort-The Wet Comfort Studied by Subjective Wear Trial and Synthetic Dis-cussion

This paper is mainly concerned with the wet comfort of the fine denier propylene knitted garment. The subjec-tive sensation to these propylene garments is recorded in wear trial and analyzed. The relations among the normal objective test, the manikin test and the subjective wear test are discussed. The wicking height, the moisture re-sistance, the water holding ability, the moisture releas-ing and drying ability are recommended as the normal objective ways to evaluate fabric's wet comfort. At last, some principles on designing this type of fabrics are sug-gested .     

织物热湿传递性能研究

本文研究了织物热湿传递性能,试制了测试织物热湿传递的装置,并由该装置测试了若干织物热湿传递性能,据此得出、该装置的原理是可行的,能够反映出织物热湿传递的瞬态与稳态特性,并能区分不同织物的热湿传递性能。