一个叶片异常、根向重力性消失的拟南芥突变体的特征与基因定位

分离并鉴定了一个拟南芥突变体alr1，其叶片向下卷曲且不对称发育，顶端优势增强，根向重力性消失，下胚轴缩短，寿限延长．此外，alr1叶片呈现较高的超氧物歧化酶活性．遗传分析表明alr1是隐性单基因突变．采用简单序列长度多态性标记将alr1的突变位点定位于第一条染色体上，距标记nga111约7．89cM．     

鱼腥藻PCC7120染色体基因对asr0757/alr0758的表达优化及其鉴定

NCBI预测鱼腥藻PCC7120染色体上的基因对asr0757/alr0758可能构成一个毒素-抗毒素系统.为研究其是否属于毒素-抗毒素系统家族,分别构建这两个基因的表达载体.用1.0 mM IPTG诱导重组菌表达,优化表达条件,并对表达出的蛋白进行纯化与western blot检测.SDS-PAGE结果显示：asr0757与alr0758在37℃下诱导6 h后,均成功诱导表达出目的蛋白asr0757(13.5 KD)和alr0758(17.9 KD).抗毒素表达量较好,毒素alr0758表达量较少.通过设置诱导时间梯度和IPTG浓度梯度优化毒素基因表达条件,优化结果显示：毒素基因alr0758在28℃,IPTG浓度为0.4 mM,诱导10 h时有最大表达量.蛋白纯化与western blot结果证实诱导表达的蛋白为目的蛋白.     

鱼腥藻PCC7120染色体MazEF同源基因对asr0757/alr0758的初步研究

鱼腥藻PCC7120染色体上的基因对asr0757/alr0758,经NCBI比对显示其与大肠杆菌中的毒素-抗毒素基因Maz EF具有较高的同源性,且具有毒素-抗毒素系统基因的保守遗传结构,为研究其是否属于Maz EF家族系统基因,构建同时含有asr0757和alr0758基因的双启动子选择性表达载体,先选择性诱导了该基因对的表达,再验证了其表达产物对细菌生长的影响.结果显示:成功诱导表达出了目的蛋白asr0757(13.5KD)和alr0758(17.5KD),当单独诱导asr0757基因表达时,细菌生长状况不受影响,单独诱导alr0758表达时细菌生长明显受到抑制,同时诱导asr0757和alr0758基因时细菌生长恢复正常,说明asr0757/alr0758构成具有生物功能的Maz EF家族系统基因对,具有毒性与抗毒性功能.     

鱼腥藻PCC7120质粒上毒素-抗毒素基因对alr9029/asr9028的初步研究

指出了大肠杆菌的毒素-抗毒素系统(TAs)能介导解离后致死机制维持细菌质粒的稳定性和参与环境胁迫诱导细菌生长抑制或死亡,在鱼腥藻PCC7120质粒上的基因对alr9029/asr9028具有与TA系统较高的同源性.为了证实该基因对属于TA系统,通过生物信息学分析了alr9029/asr9028的遗传结构,设计特异性引物,扩增得到大小为198 bp的asr9028和387 bp的alr9029.PCR产物经Bam H I和HindШ双酶切后被插入p MD18-T和p ET-30a中,依次构建克隆载体和表达载体.经SDS-PAGE电泳检测,含有His6标签的表达蛋白相对分子量分别为12.4k Da和19.2 k Da,且为可溶性蛋白.故初步认定asr9028为抗毒素基因,alr9029为毒素基因,二者共同构成一个TA系统.     

基于增强特征信息的航空发动机叶片双目视觉测量方法

航空发动机叶片三维面形数据重建是评价发动机叶片加工精度的重要手段.提出一种基于增强特征信息的双目视觉三维重建方法：首先在发动机叶片表面张贴圆形标记以增强叶片表面特征信息;其次通过相机的多角度拍摄获得能够覆盖叶片全貌的图片,并利用圆心特征匹配算法实现左、右图片中对应的圆形标记点的匹配;最后利用双目视觉三维重建原理计算得到三维点云数据,从而重构发动机叶片面形.对重构后的发动机叶片三维数据与白光扫描设备(精度0.05 mm)所得的扫描数据进行对比可得,发动机单叶片的叶背、叶盆的偏差平均值分别为0.103 2和-0.101 4 mm,标准偏差分别为0.096 6和0.057 1 mm.     

Specific degradation of photosystem II D1 protein by a protease （Air3815） in heterocysts of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120

Some filamentous cyanobacteria form heterocysts under conditions lacking combined nitrogen for nitrogen fixation.Photosystem II is removed from heterocyst during the process of cell differentiation.Here,we demonstrate that Alr3815 is a protease that is capable of degrading D1 protein of photosystem II.Strain-322,which lacks alr3815,is impaired in nitrogen fixation in air because some oxygen evolving activity is retained in its heterocysts.Our results also suggest that calcium may play a regulatory role in D1 degradation during heterocyst differentiation.     

应用叶片图像分割与特征融合的复杂背景植物识别方法

针对复杂背景的存在性,通过图像分割处理消除复杂背景因素对植物识别的负面影响.提出一种基于形态学变换的标记分水岭算法,对植物叶片进行重建的开闭操作,并使用标记分水岭算法对其进行分割.识别测试纹理与形状特征提取方式,了解图像分割算法对复杂背景消除的有效性.结果表明:提出的算法能有效分割复杂背景叶片.     

一个新的水稻矮秆突变体sd-sl的遗传与基因定位研究

新的矮秆基因的发掘、研究和利用对水稻育种和植物生长发育机制研究有重要的作用.用60Coγ射线辐照粳稻9522,获得一个能稳定遗传的突变体.该突变体表型为株高较野生型矮,叶片短而微卷.将该突变体与籼稻广陆矮杂交,F2代呈3∶1分离,说明该突变体受隐性单基因控制.通过InDel分子标记对F2代分离群体进行遗传定位,将该基因定位于第6染色体InDel标记OS604附近.随后又发展了多对有多态性的InDel分子标记,将该基因座位精细定位在InDel标记XL6-6和XL6-1之间,AP003490和AP005619上,两个引物之间的物理距离为118 kb.本研究为该克隆基因及其作用机理的探究奠定了基础.     

一个新的水稻幼苗黄叶突变体的遗传分析及其基因的初步定位

在60Coγ射线辐照的水稻突变体库中,发现了一个以粳稻品种日本晴为遗传背景的幼苗叶色黄化突变体syl11(seedling yellow leaf 11).与野生型相比,突变体幼苗第二和第三叶表现黄色,在其完全展开之前叶片自其顶端开始转绿,长到四叶期其叶色恢复正常;并且该突变体syl11幼苗黄色叶片光合色素含量明显下降.遗传分析表明,该突变体的遗传性状由1对隐性核基因控制.本研究以培矮64S/syl11的F2代突变型植株作为定位群体,应用微卫星(SSR)分子标记以及新发展的InDel分子标记,将基因syl11定位在水稻第11号染色体长臂上的RM26652和处于着丝粒附近的ID11974分子标记之间,其遗传距离分别为0.5 cM和0.7 cM.     

Fine mapping and cloning of MT1,a novel allele of D10

Rice tillering is an important determinant for grain production.To investigate the mechanism of tillering,we characterized a multiple tillering mutant (mt1) identified from the japonica variety,Zhonghua 11,treated with EMS.This mutant exhibits advanced tillering development and dwarfed compared with wild-type plants.Genetic analysis and fine gene mapping indicated that the mt1 mutant was controlled by a recessive gene,residing on a 29-kb window on AP003376 of chromosome 1.One putative gene in this region,encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8 (CCD8),was allelic to D10.The mt1 mutant phenotype was complemented by introduction of wild-type MT1,and knockdown of MT1 in wild-type rice mimicked the mutant phenotype.Real-time PCR analysis indicated that the MT1 gene is expressed highly in stems and at a low level in axillary buds,panicles,leaves,and roots.In addition,MT1 expression is clearly under feedback regulation.     

Genetic analysis and gene mapping of a narrow leaf mutant in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A narrow leaf mutant was obtained after T-DNA transformation conducted on a rice variety Zhonghua 11. Several abnormal morphological characteristics, including semi-dwarf, delayed flowering time, narrow and inward rolling leaves, and lower seed-setting, were observed. The rate of net photosynthesis (un-der saturate light) of flag leaves in the mutant was significantly lower than that of the wild type. More-over, the leaf transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in the mutant flag leaf were lower than tho...     

Isolation and characterization of rice lesion mimic mutants from a T-DNA tagged population

A rice ( Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare) T-DNA tagged population consisting of about 7000 individual lines was generated and screened for rice lesion mimic mutants in the T1 generation. Ten lines were found to develop spontaneous lesions in the absence of pathogen infection and displayed distinct lesion phenotypes. These mutants were tentatively designated as lm1 -lm10 (for lesion mimic), respectively. Lesion formation of lm mutants was developmentally regulated, and all the mutants showed stunted growth and reduced fertility. Genetic analysis demonstrated that all the mutations were recessive, and five partially fertile mutants (lm4-lm8) were derived from different loci. Mimic lesions occurring on the leaves of lm mutants resulted from cell death as revealed by trypan blue staining. Six of them ( lm3 -lm8 ) exhibited enhanced resistance to five bacterial blight isolates, indicating their wide-spectrum resistance to this pathogen. These results imply that some lesion mimic mutations of rice might be involved in disease resistance signaling pathways,and that isolation of these mutated genes may be useful for elucidating molecular mechanisms of plant disease resistance. Among the mutants, only one mutant, lm6, was preliminarily shown to cosegregate with the inserted T-DNA in its T1 generation, making it feasible to isolate the gene responsible for the phenotype of this mutant.     

谷子抽穗期突变体jt1242-14b的遗传分析和定位

为鉴定控制谷子抽穗的关键基因,通过甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methyl sulfonate,EMS)诱变谷子参考基因组测序品种豫谷1号,获得遗传稳定的谷子超早抽穗突变体jt1242-14b.与豫谷1号相比,jt1242-14b抽穗期明显提前,茎秆变细,叶片变窄、变短.遗传分析表明,突变性状受隐性单基因控制.以SSR41(父本)、jt1242-14b(母本)和F₂群体进行突变基因定位,结果表明,该基因位于第9号染色体,在分子标记In4746和In9-11之间的4 447 kb之内.进一步测序比对分析发现突变位点位于PHYB基因内部,因此,PHYB很可能是该早熟突变体的目标基因.本研究为谷子早抽穗基因克隆及PHYB基因功能研究提供材料基础.     

拟南芥温敏雄性不育突变体atms1的获得及表型分析

从甲基磺酸乙酯（ethylmethane sulfonate,EMS）化学诱变建立的野生型拟南芥（Col-0）突变体文库中筛选到1株突变体.在低温16 ℃时,该突变体的雄性育性与野生型没有显著差异,花粉染色呈现100%可育.随着培养环境温度的升高,突变体花粉育性逐渐下降,因此,该突变体为一温敏雄性不育突变体,并被命名为atms1（ambient temperature-sensory male sterility 1,即环境温度敏感雄性不育1）.花药切片结果显示,在23 ℃以下,该突变体花药各个发育时期的形态与野生型花药没有显著的差异;而27 ℃处理1周后的突变体花药呈现多种表型：同一朵花中各个花药的发育时期出现显著分化,花粉母细胞胼胝体单薄,绒毡层发育滞后于同时期的野生型花药.遗传分析确定,atms1的不育表型是由单个隐性核基因控制的.     

水稻矮化突变体G蛋白α亚基基因的结构和表达

利用γ-Co60辐射诱发水稻特光矮-2(Oryza sativa L.cv.TGA-2)产生变异,获得一种稳定遗传的新型水稻矮化突变体dwarf69.dwarf69和TGA-2及其杂交后代F1、F2、F3成熟期的株高数据表明矮化表型受一对隐性基因控制.进一步研究发现,虽然dwarf69和TGA-2的G蛋白α亚基基因(Rice G protein alpha-subunit,RGA)编码区核苷酸序列只有一个核苷酸的差异,但RGA在野生型TGA-2中的表达量明显高于在突变体dwarf69中的表达量.对矮化突变体dwarf69和野生型TGA-2的RGA基因5＇上游区的序列分析表明,dwarf69 RGA 5＇上游区比TGA-2RGA5＇上游区多出1076bp.首次报道水稻矮化突变体中的RGA5＇上游区序列与其野生种的RGA5＇上游区序列存在显著的差异.     

一个水稻白化致死突变体abl25鉴定及其基因定位

经Co60辐照的粳稻嘉花1号得到一个新的致死白化突变体albino lethal 25(abl25),该突变体从发芽至4叶期表现为白化苗,之后逐渐死亡.与野生型嘉花1号相比,abl25突变体的叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素的含量大大降低,叶绿体结构不正常,说明其叶绿体发育受到严重阻碍,导致植物死亡.遗传分析表明:该突变体受一对隐性核基因(abl25)控制,进一步利用abl25与广占63S杂交的F2分离群体,将该突变体基因(abl25)定位于第2染色体上SSR标记RM424与Indel分子标记ID7330之间,随后利用新开发的分子标记和扩大群体将其定位在Indel分子标记ID9111和ID9261之间的150 kb内,发现abl25是一个新的水稻苗期白化致死基因.     

An Arabidopsis ctpA homologue is involved in the repair of photosystem II under high light

A T-DNA insertion mutant AtctpA1 was identified to study the physiological roles of a carboxyl-terminal processing protease (CtpA) homologue in Arabidopsis. Under normal growth conditions, disruption of AtctpA1 did not result in any apparent alterations in growth rate and thylakoid membrane protein components. However the mutant plants exhibited increased sensitivity to high irradiance. Degradation of PSII reaction center protein D1 was accelerated in the mutant during photoinhibition. These results demostrated that AtctpA1 was required for efficient repair of PSII in Arabidopsis under high irradiance.     

Genetic analysis and gene fine mapping of a rolling leaf mutant (<Emphasis Type="Italic">rl</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">11(t)</Emphasis></Subscript>) in rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.)

The exploration of new genes controlling rice leaf shape is an important foundation for rice functional genomics and plant archi-tecture improvement. In the present study, we identified a rolling leaf mutant from indica variety Yuefeng B, named rl_11(t), which exhibited reduced plant height, rolling and narrow leaves. Leaves in rl_11(t) mutant showed abnormal number and morphology of veins compared with those in wild type plants. In addition, rl_11(t) mutant was less sensitive to the inhibitory effect of auxin than the wild type. Genetic analysis suggested that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene. Gene Rl_11(t) was initially mapped between SSR markers RM6089 and RM124 on chromosome 4. Thirty-two new STS markers around the Rl_11(t) region were developed for fine mapping. A physical map encompassing the Rl_11(t) locus was constructed and the target gene was finally delimited to a 31.6 kb window between STS4-25 and STS4-26 on BAC AL606645. This provides useful information for cloning of Rl_11(t) gene.