一种桩筏基础分析法及应用

介绍一种考虑桩筏相互作用的桩筏基础分析方法.将桩简化为作用在筏板下面的具有一定刚度的弹簧,弹簧刚度根据桩顶平均荷载和桩顶沉降来计算.群桩中桩顶沉降包括桩身压缩和桩端沉降两部分.群桩中桩身压缩由单桩静载试验得到的桩顶沉降与桩端沉降之差求得,群桩的桩端沉降由分层总和法计算.采用有限单元法计算程序,结合算例,说明了本分析方法的应用特点.     

群桩加筋效应机理研究

把Poulos的弹性理论法推广到对群桩进行整体分析,群桩中每根桩的形状和荷载可以互不相同．对2根桩的分析表明,受荷桩使其邻桩的桩身产生了附加轴应力及附加剪应力,桩对土的加筋效应就是通过附加剪应力发生的．对群桩的分析表明,其他桩的加筋效应使受荷桩的沉降产生了折减,当桩土模量比和桩间距较小时,忽略桩的加筋效应会对群桩分析带来很大的误差．对群桩内的应力分布分析表明,与单桩相比,由于桩的加筋效应,使得群桩能够把较多的荷载直接传递到桩端平面．     

岩溶地区新型灌注桩承载机理试验及模拟研究

基于布袋桩成桩试验与4组室内静载荷试验,结合7组数值模型,对布袋桩的成桩可行性与桩身荷载的传递特性及其承载机理进行研究.结果表明：1）布袋桩在解决岩溶地区成桩时浆液渗漏问题的同时,具有成桩质量良好、成桩形状可预测的特征.在等桩径、等加载条件下,布袋桩的极限承载力为传统桩的1.15倍以上,桩顶沉降远小于传统桩;2）布袋桩...     

长短桩复合地基荷载分担比的试验研究

为了研究长短桩复合地基竖向荷载分担比的变化规律,在室内模型试验的基础上,对不同桩间距、垫层厚度、长桩长度、短桩长度、长桩模量和短桩模量等情况下长短桩复合地基荷载分担比的变化性状进行了分析。结果表明,随桩间距的减小,长桩和短桩的荷载分担比均增大,桩间土的荷载分担比减小,通过减小桩间距来提高长桩荷载分担比是不经济的;随垫层厚度的增加,长桩的荷载分担比减小,桩间土的荷载分担比增大,短桩的荷载分担比变化较小,垫层的设置能明显改善桩、土荷载分担的分配;随长桩长度的增加,长桩的荷载分担比增大,桩间土的荷载分担比减小,短桩的荷载分担比变化较小,增加长桩长度能一定程度提高长桩荷载分担比;短桩长度对荷载分担比的影响较小;随长桩模量的增大,长桩的荷载分担比增大,桩间土的荷载分担比减小,短桩的荷载分担比变化较小,增加长桩模量能显著提高长桩荷载分担比;随短桩模量的增大,长桩的荷载分担比减小,短桩和桩间土荷载分担比均增大,增加短桩模量对荷载分担比分配有一定影响。     

静压楔形桩沉桩效应模型试验研究

为探讨楔形桩与等截面桩在静力沉桩过程中的沉桩效应,在软土地基中分别对l根等截面模型桩和3根不同楔角的楔形模型桩进行静力沉桩试验.通过试验数据整理分析,获得等截面桩与楔形桩在静力沉桩中桩周土的竖向位移、径向位移、沉桩压力与沉桩深度的规律及最大竖向位移和径向位移.研究结果表明:在相同地质条件下,楔形桩周土的竖向位移和径向位移分别随沉桩深度、楔角的增大而不断下沉并靠近桩中心;最大竖向位移和径向位移均出现在1倍平均桩径处,最大竖向位移为平均桩径的5.78％～9.45％,最大径向位移量为平均桩径的0.92％～2.04％;楔形桩沉桩所需的沉桩压力随桩深度、楔角的增大而不断增加,且增加的速率越大.     

截面型式对钢桩水平受荷的影响特征

目前针对异形截面桩的研究主要集中在现浇混凝土桩的竖向承载力承载特性,而对异形截面薄壁钢桩的水平向承载特性研究较少.基于数值模拟,研究3种不同截面桩型(空芯圆桩、空芯方桩及X形桩)、两种不同长径比(桩基嵌固深度与桩外径或宽度的比值)的钢桩水平承载特性.研究表明,对于半刚性桩,方桩、X形桩等异形截面桩的承载力比圆桩高,两者的承载力要比圆桩分别高9%和11%;对于柔性桩,方桩承载力比圆桩和X形桩均高约15%.在此基础上,通过对比桩身变形、最大弯矩等,探讨不同截面桩型的优缺点,得到3种桩型的力学特征之间的经验关系,以便于实际工程设计中参考.     

静压桩沉桩机理及承载力试验

为了研究静压桩在沉桩过程中的力学机理以及后期的承载力特性,设计了静压桩模型系列试验.通过试验,明确了在均质粘性土中静压桩的沉桩机理以及在极限荷载作用下静压桩的承载力和压桩力的关系.结果表明:在均质粘性土中压桩,桩侧阻力和桩端阻力占压桩力的比例是变化的,端阻力在压桩前期所占比例较大,而在压桩中、后期侧阻力大于端阻力;卸除压桩荷载后,由于桩顶自由且上段桩侧摩阻力较小,静压桩会发生回弹,但是桩身下段特别是端部由于受到桩周土体的约束,其形变不能得到完全恢复,即存在桩端残余力,它将造成利用常规方法计算的桩承载力偏小;由于静压桩在压桩和静载荷试验过程中的荷栽传递机理不同,加之桩周土体的固结恢复,导致了终压时的桩端阻力值和静载荷试验最大加载值下的桩端阻力值差异较大;静载荷试验验证了恢复期越长,静压桩的极限承载力提高幅度越大.     

水平受荷桩1g模型试验变形特性的相似分析

针对水平受荷桩在不同的长径比和桩土刚度比条件下可以表现出刚性桩、半刚性桩或柔性桩变形特性的特点,运用刚性桩和柔性桩的临界桩长计算公式,结合相似原理,推导了重力加速度为1g条件下缩尺模型桩与原型桩的临界桩长相似比,与几何相似比进行对比,评判模型桩和原型桩的变形特性,分析桩身材料模量相似比与几何相似比对模型桩和原型桩变形特性相似性的影响,并通过有限元方法进行数值模拟验证。研究结果表明:桩身材料模量是控制模型桩与原型桩满足变形特性相似的主要参数;直接采用原型桩材和原型土开展的模型试验与原型桩的变形特性不具有相似性,但通过选择模量相似比接近于几何相似比的模型桩材可以使得模型试验结果与原型相似。     

竖向荷载作用下倾斜桩的承载力特性

针对桩身整体倾斜且无初始弯曲应力的倾斜桩,采用室内模型试验对竖向荷载作用下不同倾斜程度的桩进行了研究,发现模型桩在倾斜度不大于4%时,在相同的竖向荷载作用下倾斜桩的桩顶沉降比竖直桩小且倾斜桩的竖向承载力不比竖直桩低,但当倾斜度达到8%时,相同荷载下桩顶沉降大于竖直桩沉降且因桩身发生弯曲破坏导致加载终止.基于工程实例对桩身整体倾斜的单桩进行了数值分析,得出了与模型试验类似的结论.对特定土质条件和桩条件,存在着基于桩身倾斜度对桩顶沉降影响的沉降影响门槛值和基于桩身倾斜度对桩体破坏模式影响的破坏模式门槛值.当桩身倾斜度在沉降影响门槛值以内或以外时,在相同竖向荷载作用下倾斜桩的桩顶沉降分别小于竖直桩沉降或大于竖直桩沉降.当桩身倾斜度在破坏模式门槛值以内时,倾斜桩的竖向承载力主要由桩身侧阻和端阻决定,桩身弯矩不起控制作用;当倾斜度大于该门槛值时,在竖向荷载作用下倾斜桩的竖向承载力主要由桩体抗弯强度决定,随着竖向荷载的增大桩最终将发生弯曲破坏.土质条件、桩身刚度和强度、桩顶约束条件等均会影响门槛值大小.     

劲扩复合桩竖向抗压承载特性对比试验

劲扩复合桩是在水泥土搅拌桩同心沉入刚性桩,通过水泥土或芯桩实现扩体,进而组合形成具有扩体形态和力学特性的一种新型复合桩型。本文针对劲扩复合桩,通过同直径多桩型进行现场单桩载荷试验对比,研究多种桩型Q-S曲线、桩身轴力分布以及桩身侧阻力特点,进而分析劲扩复合桩竖向承载能力和桩身侧阻力发挥特性。研究结果表明：劲扩复合桩的极限承载力是同直径钻孔灌注桩的1.39~1.69倍;劲扩复合桩Q-S曲线呈“缓降型”,表现出大直径桩的承载特性;劲扩复合桩侧阻力计算值与预制桩及灌注桩桩侧阻力经验值的比值平均值为1.54~2.50。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the