水热法制备纳米Fe3O4的研究

本实验以尿素、铁盐、亚铁盐等为原料,采用水热法制备了纳米Fe3O4．通过一次回归正交设计研究和讨论了表面活性剂SDS用量、反应温度、反应时间、尿素用量对产物粒径的影响,并通过快速登高法寻优得到了最优工艺条件：表面活性剂SDS用量0．4g、反应温度118℃、反应时间2．1h,尿素用量10g．在最优条件下制备的产物经XRD、TEM和激光粒度分析仪检测得知,产物大部分为球形Fe3O4。平均粒径27nm．     

CuO纳米晶的一步超声室温固相合成及表征

在室温条件和超声波作用下,通过固相化学反应一步合成了CuO纳米晶,用粉末X射线衍射（XRD）及电子衍射法（ED）分析了固相产物的物相,用透射电镜（TEM）观测粒子的大小、形貌、粒径及粒径分布．结果表明,产物为颗粒大小均匀、晶粒形貌为近似球形粒状,平均粒径约为20nm的纳米晶,产率为93．1％．改变反应物、反应物配比、掺入惰性物质、加入微量溶剂或表面活性剂、研磨不同的时间等固相反应条件对合成CuO纳米晶的晶粒形貌、粒度和粒径分布有一定影响．     

锂离子电池LiNiO2正极材料的高温固相合成及其影响因素研究

采用高温固相法合成了LiNiO2,XRD确定了合成物的结构。用SEM表征LiNiO2粉体的形貌．探讨了反应条件：包括原材料、Li/Ni摩尔比、烧结气氛和温度对产物结构和性能的影响,从而优化了LiNiO2的合成工艺．在空气中合成只能得到Li2Ni8O10相,在O2中才能得到LiNiO2相,所得LiNiO2的电化学性能明显优于所得Li2Ni8O10合成电化学性能良好的LiNiO2需要稍过量的锂和在氧气中600℃恒温3h,720℃恒温6h,合成过程中得预热处理,解决了低温下反应速度慢,高温下易于烧结而难于控制产物粒径的问题．分析了采用固相配位法合成LiNiO2失败的原因．     

影响水热合成纳米Fe3O4晶粒纯度和平均粒径的因素

系统研究了溶液起始pH值、处理时间和温度等因素对水热合成纳米Fe3O4晶粒纯度和平均粒径的影响。结果表明,在实验所采用的溶液浓度下,溶液起始pHll、处理时间为4h、处理温度为150℃是得到纯度高且平均粒径较小的纳米Fe3O4的适宜条件。延长处理时间或升高处理温度,也都能得到纯度高的纳米Fe3O4,但平均粒径较大。     

水对BaTiO3纳米晶体形状及尺寸的影响

采用复合氢氧化物熔剂法(CHM),以BaCO3和TiO2为原料在200 ℃、48 h的生长条件下成功合成出立方相BaTiO3纳米晶体,研究了加入不同剂量去离子水对晶体生长的影响.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对产物的晶相、形貌进行了分析.结果显示,获得的BaTiO3晶粒平均尺寸可从70 nm增加到400 nm,加水还可以将BaTiO3晶粒由立方形调节为近似球形.     

纳米HfO2粉体的制备工艺研究

该文以HfOCl2为原料，分别选用分子量为400、1000和6000的3种聚乙二醇(PEG)作分散剂，在70℃和25℃的反应温度条件下，采用反向滴定化学沉淀法制备出HfCh纳米粉体．X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)的分析结果表明：在70℃的反应温度条件下，加入3种分散剂制备的HfO2粉体的平均晶粒度均小于50nm；用高分子量的分散剂PEG6000所制得的粉体晶粒度更加细小；PEG6000的加入量在0．5％～2．5％质量分数范围内变化对最终的粉体晶粒度影响不大；在25℃的反应温度条件下，加入同样分散剂制备的HfO2粉体的平均晶粒度更加细小，平均晶粒度在30nm左右．用TG／DSC结合XRD对纳米HfO2粉体的研究结果表明：HfO2纳米粉体的晶型转变温度比微米HfO2材料降低了251℃左右(由891℃降低至640℃)，并且在焙烧温度大于660℃时，生成了只有在高温高压条件下才能存在的斜方相HfO2．     

蒸汽转移水解法制备纳米TiO2及其光催化降解丙酮的研究

以钛酸正丁酯（TEOT）为前驱体，采用蒸汽转移水解法制备了纳米TiO2粉体，并通过扫描电镜、比表面、热重-差热分析方法对其结构性能进行了表征，检测结果表明：TiO2纳米粉体平均粒径为24-29nm，具有较大的比表面．考察不同条件制得的TiO2对丙酮的光催化降解反应，确定了催化剂的最佳制备条件为V（Ti（OC4H9）4）：V（H2O）：V（CH3CH2OH）：V（CH3COOH）=1：3．5：3．5：2，250℃恒温反应2．5h，400℃焙烧2h，在此条件下制备的TiO2时丙酮的光催化降解率可达79．52％．图4，参5．     

氨基甲酸聚乙二醇酯的合成工艺研究

采用聚乙二醇与尿素在不同催化剂的条件下合成了氨基甲酸聚乙二醇酯,并得出了最佳合成工艺．制备氨基聚乙二醇酸（盐）酯的最佳实验条件为在PEG1540和urna的摩尔比为1：2．2的条件下,用SnCl4催化,150℃反应4h,产率为78％．     

淀粉硫酸酯铵盐的绿色合成工艺研究

以玉米淀粉为原料，氨基磺酸为磺化剂，尿素为催化剂，干法合成了淀粉硫酸酯铵盐.通过单因素实验研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比和催化剂用量对产物磺酸铵基取代度的影响，得出了最佳合成条件为：玉米淀粉、氨基磺酸和尿素的摩尔配比为1.0： 1.1～1.15： 1.5～2.0，反应温度为120℃，反应时间为4.5 h.在此条件下，产物磺酸铵基的取代度可达1.0.     

影响水热合成纳米Fe_3O_4晶粒纯度和平均粒径的因素

系统研究了溶液起始pH值、处理时间和温度等因素对水热合成纳米Fe_3O_4晶粒纯度和平均粒径的影响。结果表明,在实验所采用的溶液浓度下,溶液起始pH11、处理时间为 4h、处理温度为150℃是得到纯度高且平均粒径较小的纳米Fe_3O_4的适宜条件。延长处理时间或升高处理温度,也都能得到纯度高的纳米Fe_3O_4,但平均粒径较大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that