丙烯酸接枝改性聚偏氟乙烯及其微孔膜制备的研究

用丙烯酸对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)进行接枝改性,采用pH致相转化法制备了改性的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF-g-AAC)微孔膜;通过ATR-FTIR和XPS分析,表明丙烯酸单体已接枝在PVDF链上;利用SEM和AFM表征了PVDF膜和PVDF-g-AAC改性膜的表面及断面的形貌;通过纯水通量、污染通量、静态和动态接触角验证了纯PVDF膜和PVDF-g-AAC改性膜的抗污染性能和亲水性。结果表明,丙烯酸的存在使得膜的各项性能都得到显著的提高。具体表现在亲水性提高,水通量上升,抗污染性能提高。并且随着凝胶浴pH的增加,改性的PVDF膜的性能也逐渐得到提高。从对接触角的测量,证明膜的亲水性随着pH的增大而得到了提高。膜的纯水通量从670L/(m~2·h)增加至1 140L/(m~2·h);膜的蛋白吸附量从80.1μg/cm~2下降到46.7μg/cm~2,膜的抗污染性大大提高。     

静电纺丝防水透湿织物的制备及其性能

利用静电纺丝技术制备聚氨酯、聚氨酯-聚偏氟乙烯和含氟聚氨酯-聚偏氟乙烯3种纳米纤维膜,研究不同组分纳米纤维膜的力学性质、接触角、静水压、透气性及抗菌性。结果表明：聚氨酯纳米纤维膜具有较好的力学性能;随着纤维组分中氟元素含量的增加,含氟聚氨酯-聚偏氟乙烯纳米纤维膜的接触角增大,静水压增大,防水性能改善。     

表面接枝胶原蛋白的聚偏氟乙烯膜的研究

利用低温等离子体技术对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜表面进行改性,并接枝胶原蛋白,研究了胶原蛋白的质量浓度和接枝时间对膜性能的影响.对接枝后的膜材料进行了水通量、接触角、染色性能方面的测试,并利用傅里叶红外光谱对膜表面结构进行研究.研究结果表明,通过等离子体技术在PVDF膜表面成功接枝了胶原蛋白,提高了膜的亲水性能.     

多巴胺改性PVDF中空纤维内衬膜及其在A/O-MBR过程中的抗污染效果

采用浸没涂覆的方式,以盐酸多巴胺(DA)对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)内衬膜进行亲水改性,研究其抗污染性能及对缺氧/好氧膜生物反应器(A/O-MBR)过程中的影响。通过表面电镜、牛血清白蛋白(BSA)渗透通量、孔径、接触角等表征手段对改性前后膜进行性能分析,确定涂覆条件,对过滤过程中的膜污染行为进行分析。结果表明,最佳的多巴胺涂覆质量浓度为0.5 g/L左右,随着涂覆质量浓度的提高,纯水通量的损失逐步增大,BSA污染后的稳定通量逐步降低。在BSA溶液的膜污染实验中,原膜通量迅速衰减,而0.5 g/L DA改性膜的通量衰减减缓,稳定通量高于原膜。在模拟市政污水应用过程中,改性膜跨膜压差达到30 kPa的时间较原膜延长了30 h。     

纳米ZnO改性PVDF超滤膜的性能

 为改善聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜的亲水性,增强其在水处理中的应用能力,采用相转化法制备了纳米ZnO 改性PVDF超滤膜。分析了纳米ZnO 的添加量对膜结构及性能的影响。通过孔隙率测定、接触角测量、扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、材料试验、超滤实验分别对膜的孔隙率、亲水性、微观结构、机械强度、纯水通量、蛋白截留率及水通量恢复率进行表征。结果表明,纳米ZnO 的质量分数为0.2%时,膜的接触角从改性前的76.3°降至63.4°,亲水性得到明显改善;孔隙率由53.4%升至54.1%;拉伸强度由2.09 MPa 升至2.82 MPa;纯水通量、蛋白截留率及水通量恢复率均有一定程度的提高;膜的断面结构规整,指状孔的尺寸较大,膜表面较光滑。     

超疏水CF4等离子体改性PVDF膜及其DCMD性能

采用低温CF₄等离子体技术,通过化学气相沉积,将一般疏水聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜表面成功改性为接触角为169.5°±4.9°的超疏水表面,研究改性后的超疏水膜的直接接触式膜蒸馏（DCMI）)过程结果表明:当进料液为4%的NaCl溶液时,高温侧温度70.5℃,改性膜通量为26.5 kg/（m²·h）,截留率高达99.976 6%。     

聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜的制备及亲水改性

进一步讨论聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜的制备过程中某些因素（蒸发时间、凝固液配方）对膜平均孔径（用小角Ｘ射线散射法测定）的影响,并对干燥后疏水的聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜进行亲水改性     

粉末活性炭（PAC）改性聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）超滤膜的制备及性能研究

以粉末活性炭（PAC）为改性剂,通过共混杂化的方法加入聚偏氟乙烯的铸膜液中,采用相分离法制得一系列含有不同PAC比例的聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）超滤膜。通过电子扫描显微镜、原子力显微镜、接触角测量、红外光谱等表征手段对改性膜和空白膜的结构和性能进行对比和分析,并以腐殖酸溶液和市政二沉池出水为处理对象进行过滤实验,研究PAC的添加对超滤膜的抗污染性能影响。结果表明：PAC的添加可以提升超滤膜的孔隙率,改善亲水性,增强纯水通量和污染物阻截率。并且,以纯水通量最高的活性炭杂化超滤膜和空白膜作为对照组进行腐殖酸（HA）溶液和市政二沉池出水的过滤实验,发现PAC的添加可以增强超滤膜的抗污染性能。     

聚偏氟乙烯混合基质超滤膜的制备与研究

分别采用溶剂热法和水热法制备出3种粒径的沸石咪唑酯框架材料(ZIF-8),利用非溶剂致相分离法与共混法制备了高性能聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)混合基质超滤膜,讨论了膜的纯水通量及其衰减、蛋白质通量恢复率、动态接触角以及孔径分布变化。结果表明,不同纳米级的ZIF-8颗粒对PVDF混合基质膜具有不同的增强效果,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜、光电子能谱以及原子力显微镜深入研究了不同粒径的ZIF-8颗粒对混合基质膜的改性效果并探究其机理,确定了适用于高性能聚偏氟乙烯混合基质膜体系的最优沸石咪唑酯框架材料粒径以及铸膜液组成。     

PVDF-SiO_2中空纤维复合膜的制备和表征

采用相转化法制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)-二氧化硅(SiO2)中空纤维复合膜,讨论了纳米SiO2粒子对PVDF膜结构和性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱、傅里叶红外光谱、热分析、材料试验、接触角测量和超滤实验分别对不同膜的微观结构、化学组成、热稳定性、机械强度、亲水性以及分离性能、抗污染能力进行了联合表征。结果表明:添加SiO2粒子有利于PVDF由α相向β相转变,复合膜的性能与纯PVDF膜相比有明显改善。当w(SiO2)=3%时,纳米颗粒分散较均匀,膜断裂强度为纯PVDF膜的2.7倍,纯水通量由81.6 L/(h.m2)提高到160.0 L/(h.m2),热稳定性、亲水性和抗污染性显著提高;但过高的SiO2含量(w3%)会引起纳米颗粒团聚而导致膜的各项指标下降。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.