豫西渑池盆地沉积剖面粒度特征及其环境意义

渑池盆地是黄河中游的一处峡谷,周边的黄河两岸是中华民族的重要发祥地之一.研究盆地区全新世以来的环境变化过程对新石器时代人类文明的研究具有重要意义.本文通过对渑池盆地池底村古湖泊沉积进行剖面观察、连续采样、14C年代测定(校正为日历年龄)和粒度组成分析,发现剖面沉积物的粒度特征较好地反映了渑池盆地的古气候和古湖泊水位变化情况.剖面粒度组成和粒度参数等变化特征揭示,渑池盆地末次冰盛期以来古湖盆流域的气候环境演化序列为:19 543～8 039 cal.a BP期间,早期对应于末次冰期,气候比较干燥,古湖泊尚未形成,进入全新世气候由干冷向暖湿化方向转变,古湖泊开始形成;8 039～3 473 cal.a BP期间,气候环境处在一个相对比较稳定的时期,此阶段相当于全新世大暖期,气候温暖湿润,湖泊水位最高;3 473～2 897 cal.a BP期问,气候波动剧烈,总体上气候较前一段干旱,湖泊水位下降;2 897～2 422 cal.a BP期间,气候干旱,古湖泊干涸.渑池盆地的环境变化过程与周边地区有较好的对应性.     

藏北库木库里盆地KM剖面晚更新世沉积物粒度特征及其环境意义

对青藏高原东北缘库木库里盆地阿牙克库木湖南缘的KM剖面沉积物进行了粒度分析,剖面粒度组成主要以细粉砂和砂粒占优势,质量分数分别为39.2%、26.9%.剖面粒度整体分选较差,频率分布曲线呈现多峰分布的特征,偏度从极负偏到正偏、峰态从窄到宽,反映了多种搬运方式存在;各粒度组分的分析结果表明研究区气候演化可以划分为5个阶段:1)22.0～21.0 ka BP气候冷干,湖泊水位低,西风较强,沙尘暴频繁;2)21.0～16.0 ka BP气候较前一阶段湿润,湖泊水位升高,西风减弱,沙尘暴减少;3)16.0～10.5 ka BP气候冷干、不稳定,波动幅度大,风力作用强,湖泊水位浅,沙尘暴增多;4)10.5～3.5 ka BP气候最为暖湿,西风减弱,湖水水位上升,湖泊水位达到剖面最高;5)3.5～2.0 ka BP湖泊水位降低,风力作用较强,气候变得干冷.末次盛冰期以来,受控于北大西洋气候的西风起主导作用,研究区气候随着西风的增强而变得冷干,湖泊水位降低,沙尘暴较为频繁,直至全新世受控于北纬65?太阳辐射强度的季风占主导作用,气候最为暖湿,沙尘暴较少,晚全新世以来随着太阳辐射的减弱,季风减弱,气候再次朝着冷干方向发展.     

石羊河古终端湖泊沉积物粒度特征与沉积环境初探

利用石羊河古终端湖泊野麻湖剖面沉积物的粒度资料,分析了粒度组成、粒度参数、概率累积曲线等粒度特征,并探讨了古终端湖泊的沉积环境．结果表明石羊河古终端湖曾经是一个稳定的湖泊环境,大约在距今４０００多年前演变成为浅湖沼环境,现在已完全干涸．野麻湖剖面记录的数层快速风成沉积代表了周期性的沙尘暴事件．     

临河凹陷QK3钻孔220 ka以来的沉积环境演变记录

临河凹陷是河套盆地的一部分,黄河由西向东流经,其内发育了巨厚的沉积地层,是第四纪环境演变的理想场所。通过分析临河凹陷中QK3钻孔地层的粒度特征,结合年代地层重建了研究区中更新世晚期以来的沉积环境演变过程:189.9 ka.BP～220.26 ka.BP表现为滨湖相沉积;117.47 ka.BP～189.9 ka.BP表现为河流边滩沉积;117.47 ka.BP～189.9 ka.BP表现为河流边滩沉积;38.5 ka.BP～117.47 ka.BP表现为河流边滩和河漫湖泊的交替沉积环境;13.49 ka.BP～38.5 ka.BP表现为河流边滩相沉积环境;13.49 ka.BP以来表现为河漫湖泊相沉积环境。     

宁夏六盘山群沉积相、沉积环境演化分析

依据地层学、沉积学、沉积相、岩相古地理基本理论方法,分析了宁夏六盘山群岩性组合、沉积特征、岩相古地理及垂向沉积序列等沉积特征,确定了六盘山群是在盆地待续下沉、湖水不断加深、沉积物供给较为充足的条件下形成的,它的形成,演化受构造、物源和气候的控制,最终得出六盘山群沉积环境由氧化—还原—氧化,气候由干旱炎热—干热与温暖交替,沉积相由冲积扇—河流—湖泊—成化湖泊.至止晚期燕山运动使盆地抬升,湖泊迅速消亡,结束了早白至世六盘山盆地的这一完整的沉积演化历史过程.     

石洋河古终端湖泊沉积物粒度特征与沉积环境初探

利用石羊可终端湖泊野麻湖剖面沉积物的粒度资料,分析了粒度组成、粒度参数、概率累积曲线等粒度特征,并探讨了古终端湖泊的沉积环境,结果表明石羊河古终端湖曾经是一个稳定的湖泊环境,大约在趴４０００多年前演变成为浅湖沼环境,现在已完全干涸。野订湖剖面记录的数层快速风成沉积代表了周期性的沙尘暴事件。     

甘肃窑街地区侏罗纪煤系的形成条件及找煤研究

本文主要从窑街煤田侏罗系的沉积环境和古构造分析入手,研究其沉积、构造的演化历史,从而探讨煤系、煤层的形成条件及控制因素,为该区的外围找煤工作提供地质依据。窑街煤田中侏罗世窑街组为主要含煤地层。以往著作多认为该煤田是山间谷地的典型代表,盆地由冲积环境演变为湖泊环境。本文根据沉积学、岩石学、重矿物,古流向等多种测试资料,确认该盆地是由基底断裂活动而形成的断坳型盆地。沉积环境是由湖泊浊流开始,径湖滨沼泽,深水湖泊向三角州,河流环境演变的。泥炭化作用直接与湖泊的演化有关。在泥炭层和煤系的发育过程中,缓慢而长期发育的 NNW 向和 NE 向两组同(沉积)期断裂构造起着明显地控制作用。     

达连海沉积物粒度特征及其古环境意义

利用达连海湖心浅井的粒度资料,分析了粒度组成、粒度频率曲线等粒度特征,并探讨了达连海粒度代表的古气候意义。结果表明,达连海沉积物频率曲线主要是正态单峰型,反映流水作用为主要沉积作用。湖心底部降水较多,湖面高,沉积物以细组分占绝对优势,频率曲线显示物源较单一,为深水沉积环境,但后期环境有所变化;中下部降水相对稀少,湖面降低,沉积物以粗组分含量增加,环境可能进一步恶化;中上部湖面上升,细组分含量增加,频率曲线显示物源由复杂变单一,为浅水沉积向深水沉积过渡环境;上部沉积物粗细间隔连续变化,频率曲线显示物源复杂,反映湖区环境进一步恶化,风砂活动频繁。沉积物粒度特征反映了达连海中全新世以来降水、流水和风力作用以及湖面水位高低的变化。达连海5 000多年来的古气候环境演化大致经历了5 600~5 100 cal a BP的湿润、5 100~2 500 cal a BP的干旱、2 500~800 cal a BP的偏湿和800 cal a BP以来的偏干4个阶段。     

长山遗址沉积物粒度特征及其环境指示意义

为探究史前先民遗址沉积物粒度特征对古人生存环境的意义,采用激光粒度分析方法对长山遗址三个剖面的174个剖面样品进行了粒度分析.结果表明:含文化层剖面和自然剖面的沉积物均以砂为主,分选较差,偏度为正偏,峰度多为尖窄峰.运用标准偏差法将自然剖面沉积物分为组分1(2～15μm)、组分2(15～150μm)、组分3(150～700μm),组分3与东辽河中游河漫滩剖面粗粒组分粒径大小一致,说明组分3主要来源于东辽河,其含量可间接指示近7 800a以来夏季风的强弱,具体可分为4个阶段:7 800～5 000a(BP)期间,东亚夏季风强度较强;5 000～2 100a(BP)期间,夏季风强度整体较弱,但在3 800～3 100a(BP)期间强度增大;2 100～900a(BP)期间,夏季风强度增强;900～500a(BP)期间,夏季风减弱.长山遗址文化层存在于3 500～3 200a(BP)期间,揭示长山史前先民在夏季风强度较强时期创造了东辽河文明.     

青藏邛多江盆地40.4~30.0 cal ka BP湖相沉积物粒度特征及其古气候意义

对青藏邛多江盆地一段连续沉积剖面4个湖相沉积物样品进行AMS14C测年,得到此剖面的顶底年龄分别为30.0 cal ka BP和40.4 cal ka BP。并分析沉积物粒度的平均粒径(M_z)、中值粒径(M_d)、标准偏差(σ_1)、分选系数、频率分布曲线等,将研究区的古气候演变划分为5个阶段:阶段Ⅰ(40.4~38.5 cal ka BP)气候湿润期、阶段Ⅱ(38.5~35.4 cal ka BP)气候干旱期、阶段Ⅲ(35.4~32.4 cal ka BP)气候湿润期、阶段Ⅳ(32.4~31.7 cal ka BP)气候动荡期、阶段Ⅴ(31.7~30.0 cal ka BP)气候转干期。对比发现,粒度曲线与格陵兰冰芯氧同位素曲线有较好的响应,而且发现40.4~30.0 cal ka BP时期邛多江盆地有两次显著的气候事件:39.4 cal ka BP短暂干旱事件和35 cal ka BP强降水事件,而粒度均值曲线与格陵兰冰芯氧同位素曲线的差异,可能与特强夏季风有关。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to