K2CO3活化法制备椰壳活性炭

以椰壳炭化料为原料,采用K2CO3活化法在不同操作条件下制备椰壳活性炭,探讨了K2CO3活化实验中K2CO3与炭化料质量比、活化时间和活化温度对活性炭得率、活性炭亚甲蓝吸附值和苯酚吸附值的影响．实验结果表明,K2CO3与炭化料质量比和活化温度是K2CO3活化法制备椰壳活性炭最重要的影响因素．综合考虑活性炭的得率和活性炭吸附性能受活化操作参数的影响规律,探讨了K2CO3活化法制备椰壳活性炭的最优操作参数,得到了实验范围内的最佳5-艺条件为：K2CO3与炭化料的质量比为2：1,活化温度为800℃左右,活化时间为120min．     

椰壳渣制备高比表面积活性炭

通过正交实验和单因素实验探讨了以椰壳渣为原料、KOH为活化剂制备高比表面积活性炭的最佳工艺条件.考查了炭化温度、活化温度、活化时间、活化剂料比等因素对实验结果的影响.在炭化温度为600℃、碱炭质量比为2∶1、活化温度为900℃、活化时间为90 m in条件下,制备出以微孔为主、比表面积达2 180 m2.g-1、总孔容为1.19 mL.g-1的高比表面积活性炭.     

有害气体吸附用褐煤活性炭的制备研究

本文研究了褐煤活性炭的制备工艺以及活化条件对活性炭碘吸附值的影响,通过正交试验法确定了最佳生产工艺,即活化温度为700℃,活化时间为5小时,水蒸气通量为1.8kg/(kg料·h)。     

水蒸气活化制备生物质活性炭的实验研究

以稻壳、花生壳和玉米芯为原料,采用物理活化法以水蒸气为活化剂制备得到活性炭.分析了水蒸气活化机理,并通过对活性炭得率高低、亚甲基蓝脱色效果强弱的比较,讨论了活化时间(t)、活化温度(T)和水蒸气流量(QH2O)对活性炭的炭活化得率(Cyield)和吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着t的延长和T的升高,3种原料制得的Cyield不断降低,活性炭的吸附性能先升高后降低;随着QH2O的增加,Cyield先降低后升高,活性炭的吸附性能先升高后降低.通过比较,得出玉米芯是3种原料中最佳的制备活性炭的物质,其最佳工艺条件为T=800 ℃,t=90 min 和QH2O=15 mL/h,所制备的活性炭得率为26.18%,亚甲基蓝吸附值为150 mL/g,比表面积为924.48 m2/g,孔平均尺寸为2.4 nm.     

一次性筷子制备活性炭的研究

对废弃一次性筷子的综合利用进行了探索性的实验研究,以一次性筷子为原料制备活性炭,采用条件实验比较氯化锌法和磷酸法对一次性筷子活化效果的影响。结果表明,磷酸法制备出的活性炭性能优于另外一种方法。以磷酸为活化剂,研究了浸渍比、活化温度、活化剂浓度、活化时间对活性炭的得率和碘吸附值的影响。实验结果表明,在最佳工艺条件:活化剂浓度50%,活化温度500℃,浸渍比3:1,活化时间60min,浸渍时间12h下,所制得活性炭的碘吸附值为863.10mg/g。     

响应曲面优化中药材废渣基活性炭的制备

采用中药材废渣为原料,以KOH为活化剂,选用响应曲面分析方法设计实验,制备活性炭.以碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值为响应值,对影响KOH活化法最重要的3个因素浸渍比、活化温度以及活化时间进行优化.结果表明,对于碘吸附值的影响,活化温度浸渍比活化时间,对于亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响,浸渍比活化温度活化时间.所得最优条件为浸渍比3、活化温度744℃、活化时间75min,在此条件下制备的活性炭碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为723.75mg/g、350.82mg/g,与理论模型值非常接近,说明基于响应曲面法所得的最佳工艺参数准确可靠.通过SEM、热重分析可知该活性炭具有孔隙结构发达、热稳定性高等特点.     

中心组合设计法优化CuCl2为活化剂的茶梗活性炭制备工艺

本研究以茶梗为原料,以氯化铜为活化剂,化学法制备载铜茶梗活性炭,采用响应面法优化所制备活性炭的吸附性能.在单因素实验的基础上选取浸渍比、氯化铜浓度、活化温度、活化时间为影响因子,利用Box-Behnken中心组合试验（简称BBD）进行4因素3水平的试验设计,以活性炭得率和碘吸附值作为响应值,进行响应面分析.结果表明,制备活性炭的最佳条件为：氯化铜浓度为25％、浸渍比为4、活化温度为600℃、活化时间为5 h,在此条件下,制得的活性炭的碘吸附值为453 mg/g、得率为47.09％.在优化条件下,制得的活性炭的碘吸附值和得率与预测值基本符合,所以据响应面法原理,对相关影响因素进行试验优化设计可行.     

氯化锌活化制备沥青基球形活性炭

采用ZnCl2化学活化法和水蒸气物理活化法制备了系列沥青基球形活性炭。研究了活化工艺对最终活化样品孔隙结构的影响;对比分析了在具有相近BET比表面积和总孔孔容时,两种活化方法对所制得样品孔径分布的影响。结果表明:在活化温度为500℃、ZnCl2与碳浸渍质量比为2∶1、活化时间为3 h时,ZnCl2活化样品具有最佳的BET比表面积,为961 m2/g。与传统的水蒸气物理活化法相比,ZnCl2化学活化法更有利于中孔结构的发展。     

中等比表面积高容量活性炭电极材料制备和表征

以天然高分子椰壳为原料,采用ZnCl2,预活化和CO2/水蒸气活化的二次活化法制备活性炭.用氮气吸附和傅里叶红外表征活性炭材料的比表面积,孔结构以及表面化学性质.结果显示,所制备的活性炭比表面积和孔径可调,中孔率为16.3%～36.9%.经首步活化的中间炭具有丰富的微孔和表面官能团,并随着第二步活化时间的增加逐渐分解,同时伴随着炭烧失率增加,导致比表面积、孔容和孔径的增大.以制备的活性炭作为电极材料,6 mol·L-1 KOH电解液构成模拟电容器.采用恒流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗等方法研究了其电化学性能.结果显示,含氧官能团增加了活性炭表面的润湿性,并对比电容的增加有较大的贡献;而炭材料的比表面积增加对比电容有负面影响.中等比表面积968 m2·g-1样品的比电容达到278 F·g-1,面积比电容高达29μF·cm-2.     

生物质活性炭对模拟烟气汞吸附特性的实验研究

采用氯化锌作为活化剂制备生物质活性炭,在不同的氯化锌质量分数、活化时间、活化温度条件下,对不同的生物质原料进行活化、碳化,以制备所得活性炭对亚甲基蓝的脱色量为指标,进行正交设计优化.利用吸附性能较好的生物质活性炭,对其进行汞吸附实验.结果表明,生物质活性炭制备的优化工艺条件为:氯化锌质量分数50%,活化时间1.5h,活化温度600℃.在此条件下,毛豆杆活性炭对亚甲基蓝的脱色量为0.15mg/g,对汞4h的吸附量为0.015mg,穿透率为5.30%.由此得出,受原料、活化剂质量分数、活化时间和活化温度等影响,各种活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附效率都不同,毛豆杆活性炭对模拟烟气中汞的吸附效果最好,这与其微孔极发达有关.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with