克氏螯虾不同溶剂提取物抗菌活性的初步研究

用甲醇：甲苯（3：1）、95％乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙醚、石油醚、正丁醇和正己烷等不同有机溶荆分别对克氏螯虾（Canbarus clarkia Girard）的腹部肌肉和头胸部内脏的匀浆物进行浸泡提取，采用纸片法对各种提取物进行6种细菌、3种真菌和3种动植物病原菌的抑菌试验，结果表明，各提取物对试验菌具有选择性的抑制作用，同一溶剂不同部位提取物的抑菌能力不同，肌肉提取物抗细菌的效果比内脏提取物强，但对青霉和根霉的效果相反．不同溶剂同一部位提取物的押菌能力也不同，其中乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌能力最强，乙醇提取物抑菌能力最弱．     

二种微藻多糖与蛋白质提取物的抗菌活性

从二种微藻(海水小球藻和紫球藻)中提取粗多糖与粗蛋白质,利用纸片法进行了抑菌实验.结果表明,二种微藻蛋白质与多糖提取物显示了不同程度的抑制细菌和真菌活性.多糖提取物抗菌谱比蛋白质提取物抗菌谱广.海水小球藻多糖提取物对中华根霉与稻瘟病菌有极强的抗菌活性.紫球藻多糖提取物抗细菌与抗真菌活性没有明显差别.二种微藻蛋白质提取物抗真菌活性比抗细菌活性大.     

10种红藻和褐藻抗细菌抗真菌活性的研究

本文报道了产于福建沿岸的１０种红藻和褐藻的抗细菌抗真菌活性。实验结果表明：１０种海藻中，有８种对细菌（革兰氏阳性菌）显示了不同程度的抑制活性，２种没有抗菌活性。１０种海藻对革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌）都没有抑制作用。褐藻门的网地藻、厚网藻对真菌具有抑制作用并且活性很强，其它８种均无抗真菌作用。红藻门的中国凹顶藻和冈村凹顶藻的抗细菌活性也很强，本实验还对鼠尾藻和羊栖菜藻体不同部位，中国凹顶藻和冈村凹顶藻配子体和孢子体以及两种溶剂提取物的抗菌活性作了比较研究。     

5种海洋动物脂类提取物的抑菌试验

取5种海洋动物,用索氏提取的方法提取脂类物质,提取物用纸片法对3 种细胞和2种真菌的生长进行制试验,结果表是有：5种海洋动物的脂类提取物对3种细菌和2种真菌表现出一定的抑制作用,其中,对细菌的抑效率达80％,对真菌的抑制效果达60％。     

微藻细胞破碎方法的研究

采用反复冻融和超声波破碎法破碎17种微藻细胞，通过细胞破碎率和抗菌活性检测破碎效果，以选择适合不同微藻的破碎方法，利于胞内活性物质的提取．细胞破碎结果显示：经过12min的超声处理，所有实验藻种的破碎率均在90％以上，特别是扁藻、角毛藻以及球等鞭金藻和甲藻，仅处理3min，破碎率达到了99％以上，更适合超声波法破碎、反复冻融法破碎藻细胞，经过2次冻融，10种微藻的破碎率在95％以上，4种在60％-80％，3种小于40％，对此三种藻（分别是扁藻，小球藻和紫球藻）的破碎应选择超声或组合法；以金黄色葡萄球菌（S.aureus）为指示菌，采用琼脂扩散法检测细胞破碎率对抑菌活性的影响，抗菌活性表明：细胞充分破碎，有利于活性物质的释放和提取．     

三种海洋微藻抗肿瘤活性的研究

利用不同的溶剂提取紫球藻、小球藻、等鞭金藻胞内和胞外产物，采用MTT（Methylthiazoly pheny-tetrazolium bromide）比色法检测胞内外产物对HeLa和K562肿瘤细胞活性的影响，以筛选和研究其中的抗肿瘤活性物质。结果表明：紫球藻胞外水相和破碎后上清液经石油醚：乙酸乙酯（V：V=1：1）的萃取物、小球藻破碎后上清液经乙酸乙酯、正己烷：环己烷（V：V=1：1）、三氯甲烷、甲醇：甲苯（V：V=1：1）、石油醚的萃取物和等鞭金藻破碎后上清液经石油醚、乙醚、正已烷、乙醇的萃取物都有明显的抑制肿瘤细胞的效果，显示了从海洋生物微藻中开发新的抗肿瘤药物的潜力。     

固定化培养对球等鞭金藻生长及其提取物的抑菌效果影响研究

分别选用液体悬浮培养、海藻酸钙固定培养和海藻酸钠-壳聚糖-海藻酸钠（Alginate-chitosan—alginate,ACA）微胶囊法对球等鞭金藻（Isochrysisgalbana）进行培养,考察不同培养方法对藻细胞生长的影响以及藻细胞经磷酸缓冲液、体积分数95％的乙醇溶液、甲醇与甲苯的混合液（体积比为3：1）、乙酸乙酯、丙酮5种溶剂提取的提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌（S．aureus）和大肠杆菌（Escherichiacoli）的抑茵活性．结果表明,ACA微胶囊法培养的藻细胞生长周期长,提取物中抑茵物质含量高,抑茵效果最好．     

刺松藻抑菌活性成分初步研究

以金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、藤黄微球菌为供试菌，对刺松藻全藻甲醇／氯仿（1：1）提取物各组分进行了初步的抑菌活性测试，结果表明石油醚组分C3具有一定的抗菌活性。对组分C3进行进一步的分离，从中获得一个纯化合物Ⅰ，通过波谱手段鉴定其结构为植醇乙酸酯。     

南、北五味子抑菌活性差异比较研究

用牛津杯法和平板二倍稀释法检测了2种五味子水提取物对8种细菌和1种真菌的抑菌活性差异.结果表明2种五味子提取物对8种供试细菌大肠杆菌ATCC25922和ATCC35218、普通变形杆菌CMCC49027、沙门氏菌CMCC50094、铜绿假单胞菌ATCC27853、枯草芽孢杆菌CMCC63501、粪肠球菌CMCC32219和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923都有明显的抑制作用,对真菌白色念珠菌ATCC10231不具有抑制作用,对同一种供试细菌北五味子的抑菌圈直径显著大于南五味子,最小抑菌浓度比南五味子至少高1个稀释倍数.     

球等鞭金藻生长抑制物的分离提取与抑制活性

以含有生长抑制物的球等鞭金藻的微藻滤液为研究对象,考察pH、时间、料液体积比和溶剂等因素对生长抑制物提取效果的影响,确定了球等鞭金藻的微藻滤液中生长抑制物的适合提取工艺;通过比较两种型号的葡聚糖凝胶对生长抑制物粗提物的分离效果,确定了适合的凝胶类型;同时研究温度对生长抑制物抑制活性的影响以及生长抑制物对其他微藻生长的抑制作用。结果表明:生长抑制物的适宜提取工艺为pH 2~4、提取时间3 h、料液体积比10∶1、溶剂为乙酸乙酯;Sephadex G-15凝胶对生长抑制物的分离效果好于Sephadex G-25;生长抑制物的抑制活性具有很强的热稳定性,其对角毛藻和小球藻有明显的抑制作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has