石墨烯气凝胶与传统香精吸附剂的对比

香精与人们的生活有着紧密的联系,具有消毒杀菌、改善环境、使人舒适的作用。香精与热、光、空气或金属污染物反应产生氧化、聚合、脱氢和热重排而导致物理化学性质发生变化,微囊包封固化或吸附剂表面吸附可以解决这些问题。石墨烯气凝胶具有较大的比表面积、柔韧性、热和化学稳定性,是目前被广泛研究的吸附剂。介绍了石墨烯气凝胶的制备方法和吸附机制,与传统吸附剂的香精吸附效果进行了比较,展望了石墨烯气凝胶在香精吸附领域的应用前景。     

Pt-induced electrochemical growth of ZnO rods onto reduced graphene oxide for enhanced photodegradation performance

Photodegradation of organic pollutants over semiconductor catalysts is considered to be a viable method for wastewater treatment.Of the different semiconductor photocatalysts,ZnO has been widely used for the photodegradation of organic pollutants.Meanwhile,graphene is being actively investigated as a cocatalyst for such processes.The high carrier transport rate of graphene can favor the transfer of photoexcited electrons,while the increased specific surface area provides adsorption sites for the organic effluent molecules,thereby improving overall photocatalytic activity.Therefore,in this study,Pt–ZnO–reduced graphene oxide(RGO)rods with different RGO contents are synthesize during a novel Pt-induced electrochemical method,where ZnjZnO acts as the anode and PtjH2OjH2acts as the cathode.The photocatalytic degradation activity of the Pt–ZnO–RGO rods is remarkably improved under UV–visible light irradiation,with the optimum loading RGO content of 1 wt%.     

纳米β—FeOOH对水中Cr（Ⅵ）吸附性能的研究

羟基氧化铁由于其较高的表面电荷和较大的比表面积,对重金属离子具有良好的吸附性能,本文采用三种不同的制备方法制得羟基氧化铁（FeOOH）,对制得的样品进行了X-射线衍射（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征,并分别用比表面积分析仪和电泳仪测得产品的比表面积和zeta电位。XRD图谱分析结果表明三种产品均为β-FeOOH,而TEM分析结果表明,三种方法得到的β—FeOOH均为纳米级,其形貌分别为长六方形、梭形和纺锤形。所得三种β-FeOOH分别用于吸附模拟水样中Cr（Ⅵ）,研究结果表明,三种方法制得的β-FeOOH以加入有机大分子壳聚糖制得的产品（S3）的吸附效果最好。由S3吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附等温实验得出,在293K、303K和313K时,其对Cr（Ⅵ）的饱和吸附量分别为15．45mg／g,16．87mg／g和18．48mg／g。酶值随温度升高而不断增大,表明S3对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附过程为吸热反应。     

纳米β-FeOOH对水中Cr(VI)吸附性能的研究

羟基氧化铁由于其较高的表面电荷和较大的比表面积,对重金属离子具有良好的吸附性能,本文采用三种不同的制备方法制得羟基氧化铁(FeOOH),对制得的样品进行了X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征,并分别用比表面积分析仪和电泳仪测得产品的比表面积和zeta电位。XRD图谱分析结果表明三种产品均为β-FeOOH,而TEM分析结果表明,三种方法得到的β-FeOOH均为纳米级,其形貌分别为长六方形、梭形和纺锤形。所得三种β-FeOOH分别用于吸附模拟水样中Cr(Ⅵ),研究结果表明,三种方法制得的β-FeOOH以加入有机大分子壳聚糖制得的产品(S3)的吸附效果最好。由S3吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附等温实验得出,在293K、303K和313K时,其对Cr(Ⅵ)的饱和吸附量分别为15.45mg／g, 16.87mg／g和18.48mg／g。K_F值随温度升高而不断增大,表明S3对Cr(VI)的吸附过程为吸热反应。     

Highly Sensitive and Portable Gas Sensing System Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide

Graphene has been widely used in gas-sensing applications due to its large specific surface area and strong adsorption ability. Among different forms of graphene used as gas-sensing materials, reduced graphene oxide is one of the most convenient and economical materials to integrate with Si-based electronics, which is very important to graphene-based gas sensors. In addition, the stacking structure of graphene oxide flakes facilitates absorption and detection of gas molecules. Based on reduced graphene oxide, a highly sensitive and portable gas-sensing system was demonstrated here. Solution-based graphene oxide was cast on a chip like a TF memory card and then reduced thermally. A signal acquisition system was designed to monitor resistance variation as a sign of gas concentration. This miniature graphene-based gas sensor array demonstrates a new path for the use of graphene in gas-detection technologies. And the creation of a sensitive and portable graphene gas sensor also shows great potential in fields such as medicine and environmental science.     

氢氧化物表面沉淀在石英浮选中的作用

采用ζ-电位测定、吸附量测定、浮选实验及溶液化学计算,研究了金属离子在石英表面的吸附行为及其对石英表面ζ-电位和浮选行为的影响。结果表明,表面金属氢氧化物沉淀是金属离子在石英表面吸附的活性组分。表面沉淀生成后,石英表面ζ-电位变正,变正的pH值CR2对应于表面沉淀生成的pH值(pH_s),随着pH值的增加,ζ-电位再次变负的pH值CR3对应于氢氧化物固体的PZC_e。用阴离子捕收剂浮选时,CR2≤pH≤CR3是金属离子起活化作用的有效pH范围。用阳离子捕收剂浮选时,则是起抑制作用的有效范围。     

Functionalized graphene oxide based on p-phenylenediamine as spacers and nitrogen dopants for high performance supercapacitors

p-Phenylenediamine （PPD） functionalized graphene oxide （GO） materials （PPDG） were prepared through a one-step solvothermal process and their appli-cation as supercapacitors （SCs） were studied. The PPD is not only as the spacers to prevent aggregating and re-stacking of the graphene sheets in the preparing process but also as nitrogen sources to obtain the nitrogen-doped graphene. The structures of PPDG were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and the results show that the nitrogen-doped graphene was achieved with nitrogen content as high as 10.85 at.%. The field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM） and high resolu-tion transmission electron microscopy （HR-TEM） have confirmed that the morphologies of PPDG were looselayered with less aggregation, indicating that PPD mole-cules, as spacers, effectively prevent the graphene sheets from restacking during the solvothermal reaction. The special loose textures make PPDG materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performance for symmetric SCs with superior specific capacitance （313 F/g at 0.1 A/g）, rate capability and cycling stability. The present synthesis method is convenient and may have potential applications as ultrahigh performance SCs.     

基于石墨烯/纳米ZrO2复合膜修饰电极测定苹果中残余对硫磷的研究

石墨烯作为“明星材料”,具有高导电性和高比表面积;二氧化锆对磷酸基团具有很好的吸附作用.将石墨烯和纳米二氧化锆分散液修饰到电极表面制备成一种纳米石墨烯/纳米ZrO2复合膜修饰的对硫磷电化学传感器,并对修饰剂的浓度、支持电解质的选择、溶液pH值、富集时间和富集电位等实验条件进行了优化.由于复合膜修饰电极综合了石墨烯的高导电性与纳米ZrO2的强吸附能力,对硫磷在修饰电极表面表现出富集时间短、电子转移速率快的特点.差分脉冲伏安法分析结果显示对硫磷在传感器上的氧化峰电流与其浓度在0.05～30 μmol·L－1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限达20 nmol·L－1.用加标回收法测量苹果样品中对硫磷含量,回收率为99.1%～103.6%.     

Adsorptive Removal of Reactive Dye from Water by Modified Montmorillonite

Polyaniline-intercalated montmorillonite( PANI-MMT)was prepared via in-situ intercalative polymerization and used as the adsorbent for the removal of reactive green 19( RG-19) dye from water. The structure,composition and specific surface area of asprepared composite were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FT-IR),X-ray diffraction( XRD) and surface area analyzer. The adsorption of RG-19 by PANI-MMT was investigated as a function of contact time,temperature and pH. The results indicated the adsorption kinetics of RG-19 onto PANI-MMT followed the pseudo second-order model best among the pseudo firstorder,pseudo second-order and Elovich kinetic models. The equilibrium data fitted the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model. Moreover,the maximum adsorption capacity for RG-19 decreased with the increase of initial solution pH. It can be concluded that the PANI-MMT can be a potential adsorbent for RG-19 removal from water.     

微波改性活性炭吸附1,2-二氯乙烷的性能研究

采用微波高温烧结炉分别在600℃,700℃和800℃下对商业活性炭进行改性,利用比表面积及孔径分析仪、Boehm滴定、傅立叶变换红外光谱比较分析活性炭的比表面积和孔结构、表面官能团等物化性质.以1,2-二氯乙烷为吸附质进行固定床吸附实验.研究表明:改性后活性炭表面酸性基团减少,碱性基团随温度升高增多;比表面积、孔容减小,微孔比表面积增加;活性炭对1,2-二氯乙烷的吸附量排序为:AC-800AC-700AC-600AC-0;灰色关联度分析结果表明:改性活性炭的物理结构特性对吸附量的影响大于表面基团;D-R模型和动力学模型拟合结果都表明活性炭对1,2-二氯乙烷的吸附主要为物理吸附.     

A ternary TiO2/WO3/graphene nanocomposite adsorbent: facile preparation and efficient removal of Rhodamine B

Ternary TiO₂/WO₃/graphene (TWG) nanocomposites were prepared by a facile salt-ultrasonic assisted hydrothermal method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. Both anatase TiO₂ and orthorhombic WO₃ formed in the nanocomposites, along with a highly disordered overlay of individual graphene nanosheets. Polyhedral and spherical TiO₂ and WO₃ nanoparticles of uniform size 10–30 nm were densely anchored to the graphene sheets. The maximum specific surface area of the products was 144.59 m²·g^?1. The products showed clear abilities for the removal of Rhodamine B in the absence of illumination. Furthermore, the adsorption activity of the products exhibited only a slight decrease after three successive cycles. The results demonstrate that the ternary nanocomposites could be used as a high-efficiency adsorbent for the removal of environmental contaminants.     

Scalable synthesis and electrochemical performance of mesoporous graphene from calcium carbonate by magnesiothermic reaction

A novel scalable synthetic method of mesoporous graphene has been developed using the compressed mixture of Mg and excess CaCO₃ in a closed container. The generated solid oxide and unreacted CaCO₃ could act as mesopore-forming agents, and the closed container could prevent the carbon dioxide from CaCO₃ flow away. As a result, the graphenes with a large number of 2–30 ?nm mesopores and high utilization ratio of Mg achieved. The graphenes had high specific surface area and excellent electrochemical performance. In particular, the Mg utilization ratio was up to 53.3% in the preparation of graphene using 2:1 CaCO₃/Mg at 700 ?°C, which is superior to previous researches. The obtained mesoporous graphene exhibited high specific surface area of 743.7 ?m² ?g^-1, large specific capacitance of 140 ?F ?g^-1, and high capacitance retention rate of 64.3%.     

聚苯胺基气凝胶衍生纳米碳的电化学性能研究

采用树枝状聚苯胺,长纤维聚苯胺,树枝状聚苯胺-石墨烯以及长纤维聚苯胺-氮掺杂石墨烯4种气凝胶作为前驱体,经直接碳化后获得了氮掺杂连续的纳米碳.研究了聚苯胺基气凝胶衍生纳米碳的微观形貌结构、元素组成以及电化学性能.结果表明,树枝状聚苯胺,长纤维聚苯胺,树枝状聚苯胺-石墨烯以及长纤维聚苯胺-氮掺杂石墨烯气凝胶衍生的纳米碳具有连续的多级孔结构,其比表面积分别为273.9、487.7、241.4和295.9 m2·g-1,氮的摩尔分数分别高达7.82％、9.62％、7.91％和10.17％,在0.5 A·g-1的电流密度下分别具有高达268、311、280和362 F·g-1的质量比电容,且倍率性能和循环稳定性能优异.     

活性炭的Zeta电位对各种染料吸附的影响5－活性炭对亚甲基兰的吸附

通过测定在不同的ｐＨ下，活性炭对亚甲基兰吸附量的影响，表明了活性炭表面的ζ电位对亚甲基兰的吸附规律起着重要作用．并进行了活性炭对亚甲基兰在不同ｐＨ值和不同温度下的吸附动力学和吸附热力学参数的估算．进一步揭示了活性炭在不同ｐＨ下对亚甲基兰的吸附机理．     

油酸钠与微细粒黑钨矿的作用机理

通过浮选实验、溶液化学计算、吸附量测试、动电位和红外光谱分析等方法,系统研究了油酸钠对微细粒黑钨矿的浮选捕收机理.结果表明:黑钨矿可浮性与油酸钠吸附量正相关,微细粒黑钨矿可浮性较好的pH区间为7.0～9.0,溶液中油酸离子和离子-分子缔合物组分对黑钨矿浮选过程起主要作用.溶液化学计算表明:油酸钠的吸附量和黑钨矿的可浮性与金属阳离子形成的油酸盐组分浓度有直接关系;油酸钠的添加使荷负电的黑钨矿动电位负移.红外光谱分析表明油酸钠在黑钨矿表面发生化学吸附,生成金属油酸盐,进而增强了黑钨矿的可浮性.     

EFFECTS OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS ON ZETA POTENTIAL AND CATIONIC DEMAND OF PULPS

Thc zeta potential and cationic demands of various kraft pulps - unbleached, bleached and beaten to different freeness levels were determined in the laboratory. The zeta potential of pulp where the final stage was a lignin degrading and dissolving treatment such as alkaline extraction or hypochlorite was lower than the unbleached pulp. The cationic demand of unbleached pulp was higher compared to that of bleached pulp. Beaten pulps showed larger cationic demands than the unbeaten pulps, which can be attributed to the larger specific surface area of pulp components. Fibres become increasingly electronegative when beaten and therefore cationic demand of pulps increases with beating. When the zeta potential method is used with furnishes of different freeness,the linear relationship is observed. However, the slope is decreasing with the decrease in freeness of the pulp.     

石墨烯气凝胶对四溴双酚A的吸附研究

为了解决石墨烯吸附剂在水中易团聚、流失及难以回收利用的问题,以NaHSO3为还原剂,通过化学还原自组装的方法制备了石墨烯气凝胶吸附剂（S-RGA）. 采用SEM和BET对S-RGA和其孔径进行了表征,结果表明S-RGA是具有细密均匀多孔的块状结构体,比表面积达到98.37m2/g,平均孔径为7.48 nm. S-RGA对四溴双酚A（TBBPA）的吸附研究结果表明,S-RGA对TBBPA有较高的吸附容量和较好的重复利用率,在初始TBBPA质量浓度为0.25 mg/L时,随吸附剂的量增加,S-RGA的吸附容量先增加后减少,当吸附剂的量为15 mg/L时,达到最大吸附效率;当溶液pH＞7,随着pH的增大,由于S-RGA与TBBPA之间的静电斥力作用,其吸附容量随之减少;S-RGA对 TBBPA的吸附也受离子强度影响,随着离子强度的增大,其吸附容量呈现先减少后增加的趋势. S-RGA对TBBPA吸附过程符合准二级动力学和Freundlich吸附等温线,经过5次循环吸附试验,S-RGA对TBBPA吸附容量仅损失6.83%.     

Graphene-manganese oxide hybrid porous material and its application in carbon dioxide adsorption

Graphene-Mn3O4 (GMNO) hybrid porous material is prepared by a hydrothermal method and its performance in carbon dioxide adsorption is investigated.In the synthesis of the GMNO materials,MnO(OH)2 colloid obtained by the hydrolysis of Mn 2+ in basic solution was using as the precursor of the Mn3O4.After a hydrothermal reaction of the mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and MnO(OH)2,GO was reduced into graphene and the MnO(OH)2 was transformed into Mn3O4 with enhanced crystallization.X-ray diffraction,thermal gravimetric analysis,transmission electron microscopy,infrared spectra and Raman spectroscopy were taken to characterize the hybrid material.The porosity and the carbon dioxide adsorption ability are measured by gas sorption analysis,in which the as-prepared GMNO hybrid materials exhibit a specific surface area ranging from 140 to 680 m2g-1 and a maximum carbon dioxide capacity of about 11 wt%.     

甲醇在石墨烯负载Pt团簇表面吸附性能的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论计算分析了石墨烯的几种形式的缺陷及铂团簇与其结合的稳定构型,并使用该构型分析甲醇在铂上的吸附,与完美石墨烯表面吸附铂和甲醇的情况进行对比.结果表明:铂团簇在缺陷石墨烯表面的吸附强于在完美石墨烯表面的吸附,亦即缺陷石墨烯表面有一定的固定铂团簇的作用.石墨烯缺陷可以提高催化剂铂团簇的稳定性,防止烧结.此外,甲醇在缺陷石墨烯表面的吸附能力低于其在完美石墨烯表面的吸附能力,因其负载的铂与石墨烯表面的碳有较强的结合.     

烷基羟丙基胺作用下石英和赤铁矿的浮选行为

通过浮选试验研究了新型捕收剂烷基羟丙基胺(NDIA)作用下石英和赤铁矿的浮选行为,并结合量子化学计算和zeta电位分析,考察了该捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附机理.单矿物浮选试验结果表明:当捕收剂用量为33.33 mg/L,p H值为4.50~8.00时,石英的回收率在92%以上,赤铁矿的回收率在50%左右.人工混合矿分选试验结果表明:当捕收剂用量为33.33 mg/L,淀粉用量为13.33 mg/L,p H值为4.50~8.00时,NDIA均可实现石英和赤铁矿的有效分离.量子化学计算结果表明,与十二胺相比,NDIA对石英具有更好的捕收性能.zeta电位测试结果表明:NDIA在石英和赤铁矿表面均发生了吸附,且在石英表面的吸附作用强于赤铁矿.