Braking of high-speed flows in the magnetotail: THEMIS joint observations

The motion and deceleration processes of plasma sheet high-speed flows have great significance to magnetospheric particle acceleration,magnetic field perturbation,magnetic flux transport,triggering of substorm,and the current system formation in the magnetotail.From February to April 2009,two satellites of the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms mission,THA and THE,were often separated largely in Z direction,but had small X and Y separations.Such special configuration allows simultaneous observations of highspeed flows at the center and boundary of the plasma sheet.Based on selected case study and statistical analysis,it is found that for about 89%of the events we selected,the probe further away from the neutral sheet observed the high-speed flow earlier than the one close to the center,and the flow is mainly field aligned.And for about 95%events the probe further away from the neutral sheet observed higher X component of the plasma flow.With the hypothesis that parallel flow keeps the same speed during its earthward propagation while central plasma sheet stream uniformly or suddenly brakes on its way to the earth,we deduced the position where the deceleration begins to be between 13 Re and 17 Re downtail,where thenear-earth reconnection is supposed to occur.In addition,our statistical results show that dipolarization fronts observed in the central plasma sheet are more prominent than those observed in the plasma sheet boundary layer ahead of the high-speed flow.     

Continuous tailward flow in the near-Earth magnetotail observed by TC-1 satellite

On July 11, 2004, a substorm process in the period of continuous tailward flow was observed by the joint exploration of the TC-1, IMAGE and ACE satellites. The substorm observed by the TC-1 in the near-Earth has three stages: the growth phase (from 11:43 to 12:19), the pre-expansion process (from 12:19 to 12:28) and the dipolarization process. The auroral brightening was at 12:26 recorded by the FUV instrument on IMAGE, and the dipolarization occurred two minutes later. During the 45 min period of the tailward flow, the magnetotail experienced the growth phase and the pre-expansion process. When the dipolarization process began, the TC-1 entered the plasma sheet and observed a high speed earthward flow. The field-aligned tailward flow is characterized by the low temperature and high density, which is consistent with the properties of the flow from the ionosphere detected in the near-Earth magnetotail by other satellites. The tailward flow is closely related with the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and may have an important effect on the substorm.     

Double Star TC-1 observation of the earthward flowing plasmoids in the near magnetotail

We analyze Double Star TC-1 magnetic field data from July to September in 2004 and find that plas-moids exist in the very near-Earth magnetotail. It is the first time that TC-1 observes the plasmoids inthe magnetotail at X > ?13 RE. According to the difference of the magnetic field structure in plasmoids,we choose two typical cases for our study: the magnetic flux rope on August 6 with the open magneticfield and the magnetic loop on September 14 with the closed magnetic field. Both of the cases are as-sociated with the high speed earthward flow and the magnetic loop is related to a strong substorm. Theions can escape from the magnetic flux rope along its open field line, but the case of the closed mag-netic loop can trap the ions. The earthward flowing plasmoids observed by TC-1 indicate that the mul-tiple X-line magnetic reconnection occurs beyond the distance of X=?10 RE from the earth.     

特低渗油藏渗流阻力梯度的非线性特征

根据边界层理论,运用三次函数形式对特低渗岩心试验曲线进行拟合分析,在此基础上,运用微分线性描述方法,建立考虑边界层及启动压力梯度影响的特低渗储层渗流阻力梯度的数学模型,得到渗流阻力梯度与驱替压力梯度及渗透率的关系图版.结果表明,渗流阻力梯度随驱替压力梯度增加而降低,随渗透率减小而增大,且渗透率越小,渗流阻力梯度增幅越大,其非线性变化特征越明显.     

垂直井筒气液段塞流压力梯度的简便算法

以流动机理研究为基础，应用等效段塞单元分析方法，建立了垂直气液段塞流压力梯度的计算模型，依据实验数据确定了模型中液相段塞持液率的预测方法，借用公开发表的相关实验数据对新建模型进行了验证。经对比分析认为，所提出的压力梯度计算方法不仅涉及的中间参量少、计算简便，而且对不同来源的数据适应性好、计算精度高。另外，不同液相段塞持液率相关式的计算结果相差较大，但实验条件下对压力梯度的预测值影响并不大。     

汽车消声器性能计算中的气流与温度因素

发动机排气噪声是汽车噪声中一个主要声源,消声器是控制排气噪声的一个重要方法.该文推导出两种消声单元的传递矩阵,在消声器性能计算过程中考虑气流和温度梯度的影响,并采用三维谱图方法研究气流对消声器消声性能的影响.编写了性能计算程序,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,计算与实验精确性有待进一步提高.     

流体在内管做行星运动的环空中流动的压力梯度

利用待定系数法对牛顿流体在内管做行星运动的环空中流动的运动方程进行了变换,得到了给定流量条件下牛顿流体在内管做行星运动的环空中流动的压力梯度计算公式.采用有限差分法对水在内管做行星运动的环空中流动的压力梯度进行了数值计算.结果表明,压力梯度随环空偏心度的增大而减小,随流量的增大而增大.     

水平管气液分层流压力梯度和含气率计算方法研究

在内径为80mm的大型多相流实验环道上，深入研究了高气相流速下气液分层流压力梯度和截面含气率特性，截面含气率采用双能伽马射线密度仅测量．通过对相间剪切应力的研究，提出应用气相动量方程计算压力梯度和界面含气率．采用FLAT、ARS、MARS 3种界面形状模型计算了水平管气液两相分层流压力梯度和截面含气率，并将计算结果与实验结果进行了对比分析,ARS和MARS模型的预测结果接近且误差小，因此推荐采用ARS或MARS模型预测高气相流速分层流压力梯度和截面含气率．     

三元流场中速度梯度方程的分析

以准正交面法求解三元流场的理论为基础,依据实际计算模型,提出了水力机械流场计算中的速度梯度方程在曲线坐标系下计算的思路,给出了计算表达式．并通过空间点源的计算实例,对数值解与解析解做了比较,证明本文所提出的计算方法是可靠的．     

轴径向床中流体二维流动的研究——Ⅰ.流道静压均恒

在流道静压均恒下，应用连续性方程和Ergen方程描述了轴径向固定床中流体的二维流动，通过数值模拟，得出了二维流动的流场。计论了角媒封高和长径比对流场的影响，以流体停留时间相等为原则，得出了合理的触媒封高度。     

透平空压机压力和流量的控制原理及防电机过电流控制的实现

介绍了空压机的主要构成,阐述了空压机入口导叶压力、流量控制的原理,对如何在DCS上实现对空压机导叶的控制及防电机过电流的控制进行了探讨。     

变系数二阶流体在偏心环空中非定常流压力梯度的数值计算

建立给定流量条件下变系数二阶流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流的瞬时压力梯度方程,给出这种流动的时均压力梯度公式及相应的数值计算方法;以HPAM水溶液为例,对其在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流的时均压力梯度进行数值计算和室内试验。结果表明:环空偏心度对时均压力梯度有明显影响,内管冲程和冲次对时均压力梯度的影响不明显;试验验证了时均压力梯度公式及相应数值计算方法的正确性。     

规则网络中流耦合作用对爆发式同步的影响

耦合振子系统的爆发式同步是许多生物系统自组织动力学行为的内在机制之一,因而倍受关注.考虑到现实生活中许多振子之间的相互作用是非对称性的,通过理论分析和数值计算方法,详细研究了规则网络中,流耦合作用对耦合相振子系统爆发式同步动力学行为的影响.结果表明,非对称的流耦合作用,在具有特定频率空间分布的耦合相振子系统中,有利于促进耦合相振子系统产生爆发式同步.耦合系统达到爆发式同步所需的临界耦合强度与流耦合强度成线性关系.此外,在同步区间可观察到集中锁相和分散锁相两种同步形式共存.通过理论分析,给出了流耦合作用对促进耦合相振子系统爆发式同步的内在机制.研究结果可以为更好地理解非对称耦合作用下耦合相振子系统的自组织现象提供理论支持.     

特低渗油藏考虑启动压力梯度的物理模拟及数值模拟方法

从流体在低渗透多孔介质中的渗流机理出发,通过室内基础实验和基础理论研究,以及物理模拟和数值模拟方法,运用流体边界层理论,分析了由于启动压力梯度的存在而使得低渗储层产生非达西渗流的机理和规律,建立了描述低渗油气非达西渗流模型,并对特低渗长庆油田某区块一个菱形反九点注采井网进行了实例模拟计算。结果表明,启动压力梯度的存在不但降低了低渗透、特低渗透油田的开发指标,而且还增加了开采难度。增大注入率、缩小井距可以在某种程度上降低启动压力梯度的不利影响。     

明槽高浓度输移固粒的能耗

分析了明槽输移固粒的能耗的性质,指出高浓度输移必需高能耗的实质性原因是“悬浮”有赖于“输移”,以及紊动对于“悬浮”的低效率,并从工程计算实例中求得能耗与浓度的４次方成正比,从而提出“旋移”－高浓度低能耗输移的新途径。     

二阶导数法识别压力导数曲线"上翘"的类型

启动压力梯度和断层的存在都会使压力导数曲线发生上翘,对压力导数曲线上翘类型的识别,是正确选择试井解释模型的关键。分别给出了考虑启动压力梯度影响和断层影响的二阶导数计算理论基础,绘制了压力曲线、压力导数曲线以及二阶导数曲线,并对其特征进行了分析。提出了一种对启动压力梯度影响在压力导数曲线上引起的上翘和断层影响在压力导数曲线上引起的上翘进行识别的方法——二阶导数法。分析结果表明:二阶导数法简单易用,可以对两种不同情况引起的上翘进行有效的识别。     

苏北地区的空间梯度分析

从经济联系强度的角度出发,运用城市中心性、经济联系总强度与隶属度模型,探讨苏北地区的空间范围．根据熵值法确定徐州为苏北的中心城市,以徐州为中心划分出核心圈层与外围圈层;根据经济联系强度、隶属度等对苏北地区28个县市进行了空间重构,初步将苏北地区划分为3大区域,并结合相关分形理论对其进行验证．结果表明,徐州城区、丰县、沛县、睢宁、新沂、邳州、宿迁城区、连云港城区、沭阳、东海、泗阳、泗洪、赣榆、灌云14县市构成了以徐州城区为中心的徐宿连区;淮安城区、灌南、涟水、盱眙、洪泽、金湖、响水7县市构成了以淮安城区为中心的淮安区;盐城城区、射阳、建湖、阜宁、东台、滨海、大丰7县市构成了以盐城城区为中心的盐城区．     

Effect on Stratum Gradient Frequency Distribution of Landslides in the Three Gorges Area of Northeast Chongqing

0IntroductionThe landslides are serious and widespread in the ThreeGorges Area.Bythe research of occurrencelawof land-slidein the Three Gorges Area,the government can forecastand prevent the disaster.It can also ensure the safety of oper-ation of Three Gorges Reservoir and it is of quite i mportantsignificance to ensure the continuous development of the econ-omyinthe Yangtze River valley[1-3].Manyfactors have played different rolesinthe process ofoccurrence and development of landslides.A…     

中间梯度电剖面法在探测大坝渗漏中的应用

小南川水库大坝发生严重渗漏后，首次应用中间梯度电剖面法技术对渗漏范围及通道进行了探测，取得了很好的效果。本文着重介绍探测的技术方法，结果及经验。     

提高内燃机缸内压力测量精度的研究

本文通过对影响内燃机缸内压力测量精度的主要因素的分析,给出了提高该测量精度的若干措施。