两种赤潮藻对汞富集和甲基化影响的研究

研究塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarens)和锥状斯式藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)两种赤潮藻对海水中汞的富集和甲基化的影响, 探讨赤潮藻对硫铁还原地杆菌 Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA (G. sulfurreducensPCA)汞生物甲基化的抑制作用。实验结果表明, 不同种类藻对汞的耐受性不同, 高浓度HgCl₂ (≥25 μg/L)抑制锥状斯式藻的生长, 而对塔玛亚历山大藻的影响较小。两种藻均可有效地富集无机汞, 但直接进行汞甲基化的效果不显著。FTIR分析发现, 藻细胞表面分泌的大量羧基、氨基和羟基等官能团是富集汞的主要位点。汞-藻-菌实验中, 当HgCl₂初始浓度为10 ug/L时, G. sulfurreducens PCA驱动的汞生物甲基化效率可达 (6.38±0.4)%, 在G. sulfurreducens PCA与塔玛亚历山大藻共存的实验组中, 汞甲基化效率为 (1.04±0.44)%,G. sulfurreducens PCA与锥状斯式藻的实验组中汞甲基化效率低至 (0.76±0.05)%, 两种赤潮藻的加入抑制了G.sulfurreducens PCA的汞生物甲基化。     

硝酸稀土[R(NO_3)_3]和单一稀土(RGl_3)对小麦幼苗氮素代谢以及根系生长的影响

用不同浓度的硝酸稀土和氯化稀土处理小麦幼苗,发现低浓度可以促进干物质累积和根茎生长,高低浓度均对硝酸还原酶活性和氮素吸收有增加的趋势,但两者不是同步的关系。     

A theoretical investigation on phase transition and dissociation of ammonium bromide under high pressure

Structures of ammonium bromide under high pressure were investigated through ab initio evolutionary algorithm and total-energy calculations based on density functional theory. Static enthalpy calculations indicate that the low-pressure phase V（space group P4/nmm） transforms into a monoclinic P21/m structure at 71 GPa and then an orthorhombic structure Cmma at 130 GPa, which is found to be energetically stable up to 264 GPa. Mechanism of phonon softening at the P4/nmm P21/m transformation is discussed. Ab initio calculations show that the band overlap in the molecular Cmma phase, which causes the pressure-induced insulator-to-metal transition, occurs at about 240 GPa. Enthalpy calculations show that Cmma NH4 Br becomes unstable and dissociates into NH3 and HBr above 264 GPa.     

大气气溶胶的种类及其对人类的影响分析

依据大气气溶胶的水溶性组分将气溶胶划分出硫酸盐气溶胶、硝酸盐气溶胶、铵盐气溶胶等3种,并对气溶胶对人类的影响进行了分析。     

负载硝酸铵水凝胶的合成、表征及释放研究

以硝酸铵水溶液为介质,以丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、丙烯酸羟丙酯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为原料,通过自由基聚合制得高负载硝酸铵水凝胶.研究了负载硝酸铵水凝胶的缓释效果,结果表明,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量和负载率对硝酸铵释放速率具有较大的影响.用红外光谱(IR)和电子扫描电镜(SEM)对负载硝酸铵水凝胶的结构进行了表征.     

基于聚磷酸铵的乙烯基酯树脂的阻燃机理研究

乙烯基酯树脂(VER)因其具有良好耐腐蚀性能和优异的物理性能被广泛应用于诸多领域,然而由于VER极易燃,限制了其使用范围.为了提高VER的阻燃性,本文将聚磷酸铵(APP)作为阻燃剂引入VER中,制备得到阻燃乙烯基酯树脂固化物;采用热重分析仪(TGA)表征了VER的热稳定性;扫描电子显微镜(SEM、SEM-EDX)研究了VER燃烧后残炭的微观形貌,表面元素组成及分布;利用极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧测试(UL-94)、锥形量热(CCT)对其阻燃性能进行测试;采用热重红外光谱联用仪(TG-FTIR)等手段分析APP在VER中的阻燃机理.研究结果表明,当APP的引入量为30 wt%时,乙烯基酯树脂的极限氧指数达到30.3%,通过UL-94 V-0级别. APP在凝聚相和气相中共同发挥阻燃作用.     

稀土铈对太子参生长和光合特性的影响

【目的】探究稀土铈对太子参生长和光合特性的影响,以期提高太子参产量,并通过探讨铈对太子参的增产效应及其机制,为太子参高效栽培提供理论和应用依据。【方法】通过不同质量浓度稀土铈(CK、25、100、400 和700 mg/L)处理后,对太子参生长指标和光合特性进行测定,并进行数据分析。【结果】随着铈质量浓度的增加,太子参植株苗高和地径相对生长量、块根长、块根直径、块根鲜质量及干质量、单位面积产量,以及叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素总量均表现先增加后下降的趋势,呈明显的浓度效应,以400 mg/L处理效果最佳,其中单位面积块根鲜、干质量产量分别比对照提高42.59%和41.83%。适当质量浓度稀土铈处理能显著提高光合日变化参数净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)日均值,而使胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_i)降低,有效缓解光合“午休”现象。试验期间,PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ有效光化学效率(F_v'/F_m')、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)和光化学淬灭系数(C_PQC)随着稀土铈质量浓度的增加均呈现先升后降的趋势,非光化学淬灭系数(C_NPQ)则呈相反的趋势。相关分析表明稀土处理下苗高、地径与P_n 呈极显著正相关,P_n与叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、G_s、Φ_PSⅡ和F_v'/F_m'呈显著正相关,而与C_i、C_NPQ成负相关。灰色关联分析表明,色素含量、Φ_PSⅡ和F_v'/F_m'和C_PQC是制约太子参光合作用的主要因素。【结论】适当质量浓度的稀土铈处理能有效促进太子参生长、提高块根产量,改善光合性能。其对太子参光合作用的调节作用与促进光能吸收、转换、提高光化学效率、缓解光抑制有关。与气孔因素相比,非气孔限制因子的改善是其缓解光合“午休”现象的主要原因。     

硝酸铈铵氧化体系固态合成双偶氮化合物

报道了一种在固态条件下合成二芳基双偶氮化合物的新方法.用硝酸铈铵(CAN)氧化体系对二芳基卡巴肼进行双侧氧化脱氢反应,共合成了8种二芳基卡巴二腙.这种方法具有条件温和、操作简便、无溶剂、污染少等优点.     

硝酸镧对流苏石斛试管苗生长的影响

探讨了不同浓度的硝酸镧对流苏石斛试管苗生长的影响。结果表明,硝酸镧对流苏石斛试管苗的增殖率、高生长、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、生根数、生根率、根长、质量增量、硝酸还原酶活性、过氧化物酶活性等有显著影响。硝酸镧质量浓度低于10 mg/L时能有效促进流苏石斛试管苗的生长分化。     

硝酸铵粉体复合改性剂的研究

根据表面活性剂的表面活化机理 ,选择制备了一组复合改性剂 ,并对硝酸铵进行表面改性处理。试验结果表明 :其复合改性剂对硝酸铵的吸湿性和结块性有明显的改善 ,提高了 2 #岩石粉状铵梯油炸药的爆炸性能     

植物中的铵根及硝酸根转运蛋白研究进展

氮素(N)是植物需求量最大的营养元素,其利用率是影响植物生长和发育的主要因素。氮素的供需失衡会导致植物产量降低,过量施N肥还会造成环境破坏。NH4+和NO3-是可吸收利用的主要氮源。笔者分析了植物吸收NH4+、NO3-的转运蛋白及其相关基因的表达调控和功能的研究进展,认为在以后的研究中,应加强林木中与氮吸收相关基因的鉴定和认识,特别是加强氮素信号传导途径、NO3-及NH4+在植物体内的运输和调控机制、各蛋白组分间的相互作用、时间和空间表达模式和调控模式的研究。     

Temporally and spatially resolved investigation on the efflorescence process of a mixed droplet of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate

Temporally and spatially resolved investigations of the efflorescence of equimolar mixtures of ammonium sulfate (AS) and ammonium nitrate (AN) aerosol droplets were performed by confocal Raman spectroscopy combined with high-speed photography. Information was obtained on the dynamic process of morphological changes and the heterogeneous distribution of efflorescence products. The supersaturated AS/AN mixed droplet was found to first precipitate as the double salt 3AN·AS when the relative humidity was 50%. The excess AS was irregularly distributed on the surface of the double salt as an inclusion structure. No formation of 2AN·AS was observed throughout the efflorescence process.     

一株好氧DNRA细菌的分离鉴定及其诱导的生物矿化

从实验室硝化生物反应器的生物膜上分离获得一株能够在好氧条件下将硝酸盐异化还原到铵（DNRA）的兼性厌氧菌Q1-2.通过对菌株生理生化测定及16S rDNA基因序列的分析,该菌属于Pseudomonas alcaliphila.摇床上培养3 d后将培养瓶在室温下静止培养.数日后可观察到羽毛状晶体的出现.晶体的形成可能与细菌Q1-2诱导的生物矿化现象有关.     

大型海藻龙须菜对两种海洋赤潮藻的生长抑制效应

利用共培养系统研究了在不同光照强度、生物量条件下,大型海藻龙须菜(Gracilarialemaneiform is)及其水溶性抽提液对两种海洋赤潮藻旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)和椎状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)的生长抑制效应.结果显示,龙须菜和两种赤潮藻间存在着营养竞争,受龙须菜的影响,两种赤潮藻的最大密度与对照组相比均有所下降,其受抑制程度随着龙须菜起始密度的增大而增强,而两种赤潮藻对龙须菜生长的影响却不显著.此外,龙须菜和两种赤潮藻之间还存在着光竞争,弱光条件更适合龙须菜的生长,强光条件下龙须菜对两种赤潮藻的抑制作用减弱.此外,龙须菜水溶性抽提液也会对两种赤潮藻的生长产生抑制.     

Experimental study on the distribution of soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen under controlled drainage

A field experimental project was set up to assess the effects of controlled drainage on the distribution and concentration of nitrogen in the soil at the Irrigation and Drainage Experimental Station under Four-Lake Engineering Administration of Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. Two plots drain runoff by controlled drainage system, with an area of 0.1 hm² (20 m×50 m) each. The third one with an area of 0.04 hm² (8 m×50 m) has a conventional subsurface drainage system. Under this experimental condition, the study draws the following conclusions: ① The controlled drainage system has a remarkable effect on the diminishing ratios of nitrate nitrogen between neighboring layers. It is presented that the diminishing ratio increases with the raising height of drain outlet. Controlled drainage system also reduces the transference of nitrate nitrogen in topsoil. ② Different from nitrate nitrogen, the concentration of ammonium nitrogen is stable along the longitudinal section of soil, which is little affected by the controlled drainage system. It indicates that the concentration of ammonium nitrogen decreases according to the lowering of controlling height of the drain outlet.     

无梯粉状硝铵炸药的敏化研究

本文在分折工业炸药爆轰反应和起爆机理的基础上,提出了敏化无梯粉状硝铵炸药的基本方法,并进行了实验验证.     

季铵盐胶束的制备及其抗菌性能研究

为了研究季铵盐胶束是以胶束的形式抗菌还是以胶束解体后的单体形式与细胞膜结合达到抗菌效果,制备了一种季铵盐表面活性剂,该表面活性剂可以自组装成非交联胶束,还可以通过含有酯键的交联剂获得表面交联胶束.交联胶束在脂肪酶的作用下能解交联形成解交联胶束.利用核磁共振氢谱和动态光散射对合成的表面活性剂进行了分析,通过最低抑菌浓度和透射电子显微镜探讨了胶束的抗菌性能.     

多孔硝胺涂层剂含量分析方法的优化

多孔硝胺涂层剂含量的测定是生产过程检验的一项重要内容。通过对原分析方法存在某些缺陷的讨论，确定了最佳的萃取条件和萃取溶剂，改装了抽滤装置，加标回收率达到95％，比原分析方法提高10％。     

Channel effect of the modified powdery mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil

The modified powdery mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (MPANFO) is a new breed of industrial explosives developed years ago in China. As one of the important properties of an industrial explosive, the channel effect of MPANFO was reported in this paper. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the channel effect of MPANFO. The blasthole diameter range was estimated to avoid the channel effect of MPANFO. Three empirical formulae for predicting the detonation length of MPANFO were provided in terms of the channel effect. Experiments and theoretical analysis indicate that the channel effect of MPANFO is very serious. The reason why the channel effect of MPANFO is worse than that of other industrial explosives is explained at a theoretical level. In addition, some properties of MPANFO, such as sympathetic distance, detonation velocity and brisance, are determined.