水解度对蚕蛹蛋白酶解物的物化特性和抗氧化能力的影响

对蛋白质进行适度酶解是改善动植物蛋白原料的物化性质和提高其生理活性的常用方法.研究了水解度对蚕蛹蛋白的溶解性、乳化性、起泡性等物化性质的影响,以及水解度对蚕蛹蛋白的还原力,对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力等抗氧化特性的影响.实验结果表明,蚕蛹蛋白经适度酶解后溶解性得到显著改善,且水解度越大溶解性越好.蚕蛹蛋白经酶解后乳化性与乳化稳定性均降低,但起泡性和起泡稳定性增强,水解度增至5%时,起泡性和起泡稳定性达到最高值,继续增大水解度,反而下降.蚕蛹蛋白经酶解后抗氧化性显著提高,水解度为5%时,还原力和对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力最高,水解度为15%时,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力最高,继续增加水解度,抗氧化能力反而下降.这说明,对蛋白质原料进行酶解改性时,不能简单的追求高水解度,而应根据产品的要求控制合适的水解度,过度水解是无益的.     

木瓜蛋白酶酶解豌豆蛋白挤出物产物自由基清除活性评价

以豌豆蛋白为原料,经过挤压处理得到挤出物.利用木瓜蛋白酶对其进行酶解,通过响应曲面实验对酶解条件进行优化设计.对酶解产物的抗氧化性质进行研究,得出如下结论:木瓜蛋白酶酶解最佳条件为加酶量12.1%(E/S)、温度60.6℃、pH 6.50、底物质量浓度0.071g/mL.在此条件下,DPPH清除率、·OH清除率预测值分别为98.3%、84.7%.经验证,得到最佳DPPH清除率、·OH清除率分别为98.2±0.21%、84.5±0.15%,所建模型预测准确可靠,酶解产物抗氧化性高.     

海西黑枸杞多糖酶法提取工艺研究及其体外抗氧化性分析

以青海海西黑枸杞为原料,用酶法辅助提取其中的多糖。对比果胶酶、木瓜蛋白酶和纤维素酶的辅助提取效果,以料液比、加酶量、酶解时间和酶解温度为因素进行单因素实验,考察其对黑枸杞多糖提取率的影响,利用响应面法进一步优化黑枸杞多糖提取工艺参数,并对提取的多糖进行体外抗氧化性分析。结果表明:(1)果胶酶辅助提取黑枸杞多糖的效果最好,最佳提取条件为料液比1∶35(g∶mL)、加酶量0.02 g、酶解时间60 min、酶解温度30℃,提取率达到最大值26.60%,与模型方程理论预测值26.90%相对误差为1.12%;(2)海西黑枸杞多糖对DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基具有较强的清除作用。     

花生分离蛋白复合酶水解工艺优化研究

探讨了超声波辅助前处理对花生分离蛋白复合酶解的影响,比较了碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶等六种蛋白酶解物清除DPPH自由基的效果,确定碱性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶较佳的复合比例为8∶2.在此基础上,开展响应面优化试验,以DPPH自由基清除率和水解度为指标,探讨复合酶与风味蛋白酶酶解的较佳工艺参数,并分析DPPH清除率和水解度相关性.实验结果表明,复合蛋白酶制备花生分离蛋白抗氧化肽的较佳酶解工艺为pH 8.5,温度49.36℃,酶添加量(E/S,质量分数m/m)3.40%,酶解时间203.59 min.     

鲷鱼鳞多肽的酶法制备及抗氧化活性研究

以鲷鱼鳞为原料,经物理方式处理后,采用单因素实验考察液料比、pH值、温度、酶底比及酶解时间对鲷鱼鳞酶解液水解度和DPPH自由基清除率的影响.结合响应面优化设计对酶解条件进行优化,结果在液料比为28∶1、酶底比7.0%、pH值7.3、50℃、酶解6 h条件下,所得酶解液水解度为10.35%,DPPH自由基清除率为82.33%.DPPH自由基清除、羟基自由基清除、还原力、金属螯合测试表明,酶解产物的抗氧化活性与浓度呈现剂量依赖性,具有抗氧化活性.分子量测定及氨基酸组成分析表明,酶解产物含有大量的寡肽,相对分子质量分布区间为180~1 000 u,其富含甘氨酸、丙氨酸、羟脯氨酸,且含有多种人体必需的氨基酸.     

蛋白酶水解骨素的对比及其优化研究

选取木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶分别对骨素进行酶解,对比了几种酶解液的苦味和水解度.结果表明:风味蛋白酶最适合酶解骨蛋白,其水解产物鲜味明显,无明显苦味;木瓜蛋白酶水解骨蛋白效果最差,其水解产物苦味最为明显;中性蛋白酶水解效果介于风味蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶之间.风味蛋白酶水解骨蛋白的最佳酶解条件为:温度50℃,加酶量6 000 U/g底物蛋白,p H值为7.0,酶解时间2 h,料液比1∶5(g/m L),在此条件下其水解度可达34.80%.     

紫甘薯膳食纤维的提取及对自由基的清除作用

以紫甘薯为材料,设计4因素3水平的正交实验,酶法提取膳食纤维。结果表明紫甘薯粉中膳食纤维提取的最佳工艺参数为0.7%的混合酶(其中α-淀粉酶∶糖化酶为6∶1),酶解温度70℃,处理时间80min,0.6%蛋白酶。以体外实验研究不同质量浓度(20~140mg/mL)的膳食纤维鲜样对1,1-二苯基-2-苦味酰基自由基(DPPH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)、羟自由基(·OH)的清除效果。结果表明紫薯膳食纤维对DPPH O-2·、·OH都有明显的清除效果,在20~140mg/mL的膳食纤维的浓度范围内,其清除自由基的效果随着膳食纤维的浓度增大而增强,但当浓度增加到一定程度后,对DPPH、超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力趋于平缓,对·OH的清除效果呈直线上升;其清除能力顺序为:DPPH自由基超氧阴离子自由基羟自由基。     

紫苏籽抗氧化肽的制备工艺研究

采用碱提酸沉法从紫苏籽粕中提取蛋白质,进行蛋白酶筛选,发现紫苏籽蛋白经碱性蛋白酶酶解后有最好的抗氧化活性和水解度(DH).在单因素试验的基础上,采取响应面分析方法,并建立数学模型,确定最佳酶解工艺.试验结果表明:各因素影响紫苏籽粗蛋白酶解液DPPH自由基清除率的主次顺序是:加酶量酶解时间pH值,最佳条件是:加酶量3 000 U·g~(-1),酶解时间5.00 h,pH值9.80,温度50℃,此时DPPH自由基清除率为73.64%,说明紫苏籽蛋白质酶解多肽拥有很高的抗氧化活性.     

尖吻蝮蛇毒不同蛋白酶水解物的制备及抗氧化活性研究

【目的】研究尖吻蝮(Deinagkistrodon acutus)蛇毒的不同蛋白酶水解产物的制备及抗氧化活性。【方法】分别用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶水解尖吻蝮蛇毒,以水解物的水解度、清除自由基活性、金属离子螯合能力和总还原力作为抗氧化活性比较指标来选出最佳水解蛋白酶,并比较该蛋白酶水解物在超滤后得到的不同分子量组分的抗氧化活性大小。【结果】碱性蛋白酶水解物的清除DPPH自由基活性、亚铁离子螯合能力和总还原力均为最佳;该酶解物经超滤得到的3个组分中,分子量为3～10kDa的组分对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除能力最强,分子量大于10kDa的组分的亚铁离子螯合能力和总还原力最强。【结论】尖吻蝮蛇毒的不同蛋白酶水解物均具有抗氧化活性,其中用碱性蛋白酶水解物抗氧化活性较强。     

双酶提取蒲公英根多糖工艺优化及其抗氧化性研究

以蒲公英根烘焙粉为原材料,研究了酶添加量、酶解温度和酶解时间在单酶和双酶协同酶解条件下对多糖得率和DPPH自由基清除率的影响,并采用响应曲面法优化了酶解工艺参数。结果表明,单酶法提取1g蒲公英根多糖的适宜条件为:料水比(g∶mL)1∶30,纤维素酶酶解温度50℃,酶添加量1.0mL;木瓜蛋白酶酶解温度60℃、酶添加量2.0mL。双酶法多糖提取率高于单酶法,影响多糖得率的工艺因素主次顺序为酶解时间、酶解温度、酶添加量。适宜的多糖提取条件为:料水比(g∶mL)1∶30,木瓜蛋白酶悬液(200U/mL)添加量1.98mL,纤维素酶悬液(200U/mL)添加量0.99mL,55℃提取1.9h,此时多糖得率为32.97%±0.13%,DPPH 自由基清除率为92.31%±0.25%。烘焙和酶解工艺可提高蒲公英根多糖得率和DPPH自由基清除率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has