胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔的污染现状和大肠菌群净化研究

2003年4￣10月间,对山东省胶州湾内6个采样点,分4次采集的菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum,进行了Pb、As、Cu、Cd、Hg及大肠菌群的调查分析,结果表明,重金属方面基本符合标准,但大肠菌群普遍超标。针对这一问题,提出应对超标的菲律宾蛤仔采取先净化后上市的措施,以提高菲律宾蛤仔的食用健康与安全。     

镉胁迫对钝缀锦蛤的生理影响

本文测定了北海市底播养殖的钝缀锦蛤的7种常见重金属(Hg、As、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr)含量，通过计算其生物富集系数(Bioconcentration factor,BCF)发现，海水中的Cd极易在钝缀锦蛤体内富集.为了探究重金属Cd对钝缀锦蛤的生理影响，本研究采用实验生态学的方法研究了在不同质量浓度的含Cd(0 mg·L^-1、0.025 mg·L^-1、0.05 mg·L^-1、0.15 mg·L^-1、0.3 mg·L^-1)海水中，钝缀锦蛤在不同暴露时间(1 d、4 d、7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d)下其内脏团中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等酶指标的变化情况.结果表明：(1)经Cd胁迫后，钝缀锦蛤内脏团的SOD、GPX、CAT酶活力及MDA的含量随剂量增加和时间延长而上升到最高值，此后又逐步下降并趋于正常值；(2) Cd胁迫后，钝缀锦蛤的机体会产生氧化应激反应，而且它能通过调节自身酶活力的变化来减少胁...     

舟山群岛岩相潮间带日本笠藤壶重金属富集及其污染评价

 日本笠藤壶是舟山群岛岩相潮间带的广布种,对重金属具有较强的富集能力,是生物监测海洋重金属污染的良好指示种。为了探讨舟山海域重金属的污染状况及其在海洋生物体内的富集规律,本文分析了该种对Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg的富集能力。结果表明,日本笠藤壶体内Cu的含量显著高于Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg的含量,且Pb和Hg富集量之间呈显著的正相关关系。根据日本笠藤壶体内积累的重金属总量,在本研究的7个样点中,岱山和小洋的日本笠藤壶受重金属污染程度高。与海洋贝类生物质量标准相比,除Pb和Hg超过各自的第二类标准值外,日本笠藤壶体内Cu、Cd、Cr和As含量都没有超过各自的第二类标准值,这表明目前舟山群岛海域日本笠藤壶受Pb和Hg的污染较为严重,受Cu、Cr、Cd、As的污染较轻。     

广西主要贝类养殖区重金属含量分布特征及污染评价

为探究广西主要贝类养殖区重金属含量的分布状况及污染水平,依据2016-2018年广西主要贝类养殖区的海水、表层沉积物及生物体中重金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As)的调查分析数据,分别采用单因子污染指数(P_i)法、地积累指数(I_geo)法和生物富集系数(Bioconcentration Factors, BCF)对养殖区重金属进行污染评价。结果表明：海水中各重金属的含量分布为Zn>Cu>As>Pb>Cd>Hg,污染程度为Cu>Hg>Zn=Pb>Cd>As;沉积物中各重金属的含量分布为Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Cd>Hg,污染程度为As>Cd>Pb>Hg>Cu=Zn;近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)贝体中各重金属的含量分布为Zn>Cu>Cd>As>Pb>Hg,污染程度为Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Hg>As,生物富集能力为Zn>Cu>Cd&g...     

弓獭蛤(Lutraria arcuata)的重金属富集特征及其对镉胁迫的生理响应

底播经济贝类对重金属的高富集能力与食品安全问题密切相关，本研究对北部湾重要经济贝类弓獭蛤(Lutraria arcuata)的重金属污染指数、富集系数以及弓獭蛤对镉的生理响应进行探讨，为弓獭蛤的安全食用和底播经济贝类的安全养殖提供理论基础。研究测定北海市3处海域12个站位的海水和弓獭蛤中7种常见重金属Hg、As、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr的含量，计算富集系数；对弓獭蛤进行不同浓度的Cd胁迫，检测弓獭蛤体内对Cd富集的组织-时间-剂量效应，同时检测其体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和丙二醛(MDA)等生理生化指标随胁迫时间的变化情况。结果显示，弓獭蛤对Cd的富集系数在7种重金属中最高，个别站位的弓獭蛤Cd污染指数达到轻度污染水平。弓獭蛤不同组织中的Cd含量均和胁迫浓度、时间呈正相关关系，内脏团对Cd的富集能力最强。SOD、GPx、CAT酶活力及MDA的含量整体上呈现前期上升后期下降的趋势，但4种指标受应激影响的变化并不强烈，各浓度实验组和对照组之间的差异不显著。弓獭蛤对环境中的重金属Cd吸收能力极强，若海水中的Cd浓度增加，则易造成食品安全问题，应引起警醒。     

兴化湾养殖贝类重金属累积及健康风险评价

海洋贝类对重金属具有较高的吸收效率和同化率,体内能够吸收和富集较高浓度的重金属.近年来,随着养殖环境的不断恶化和污染,贝类中的重金属浓度呈现逐渐升高的趋势.贝类作为沿海人们的重要食品,其体内累积的金属可能会对人们的健康造成潜在威胁.该研究测定了兴化湾南岸滩涂养殖海域3种养殖贝类（菲律宾蛤仔、缢蛏和鲍）体内4种重金属（Cu、Zn、Cd和As）的浓度以及生物可给性,并以此评价了贝类体内重金属的健康风险.4种金属的风险系数均小于1,表明这些生物体内4种金属的风险较小.As的风险系数为0.95,存在潜在风险,应当引起重视.     

钦州湾近岸海域底栖生物体内重金属含量与污染评价

采集钦州湾近岸海域8种底栖生物样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪和原子荧光分光光度计测定底栖生物体内重金属含量,分析评价底栖生物受重金属污染程度。结果表明,底栖生物体内重金属平均含量从高到低为Zn〉Cu〉As〉Cd〉Cr〉Pb〉Hg,其中,软体动物：Zn〉Cu〉As〉Cd〉Cr〉Pb〉Hg;甲壳动物：Zn〉Cu〉As〉Cd〉Pb〉Cr〉Hg;鱼类：Zn〉As〉Cu〉Cr〉Pb〉Cd〉Hg。不同底栖生物对重金属的富集能力不同,同一种底栖生物对不同重金属的富集能力不同,从大到小为,软体动物：Cu〉Cd〉Cr〉Zn〉As〉Hg〉Pb;甲壳动物：Cu〉Cd〉Zn〉As〉Cr〉Hg〉Pb;鱼类：Cr〉As〉Zn〉Cu〉Cd〉Hg〉Pb。钦州湾近岸海域底栖生物均未受到重金属污染,但是重金属积累严重,软体动物体内Cd和As超过了国家食品卫生标准值。     

菲律宾蛤仔黏附污泥用于废水处理的生物絮凝剂特性研究

菲律宾蛤仔黏附污泥已被报道为一种新型的天然生物絮凝剂,适合淡水处理和海水处理。本文探究了菲律宾蛤仔黏附污泥在实际废水处理中的应用效果。结果表明:菲律宾蛤仔黏附污泥作为絮凝剂可以有效去除废水中悬浮物(SS),去除率可达49.3%,并能有效改善膨胀的活性污泥的沉降性能,促进光合细菌的挂膜,促进率为33.3%;另外,其还有效吸附去除水中的重金属,当重金属离子Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)的浓度分别为5.09 mg/L、14.09 mg/L、255.81 mg/L时,去除率分别达72%、67%、92%。     

长江口及邻近海域沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价

调查了2009年长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的含量,平均含量为Cu 27.88 mg/kg、Pb 22.98 mg/kg、Zn 95.88 mg/kg、Cd 0.178 mg/kg、Cr 41.01 mg/kg、Hg 0.031 mg/kg、As 11.40 mg/kg.空间分布上,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As 6种重金属含量均在杭州湾北部及长江口南汇交界处呈现最大值,而Cr在调查海域的东部逐渐向近岸海域递减.运用主成分分析评价沉积物中重金属污染来源,同时采用Hakanson指数法评价了沉积物重金属生态风险,结果显示:长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属元素的潜在生态风险整体表现为轻微.7种重金属元素对长江口及邻近海域潜在生态综合危害的大小贡献顺序为:Cd＞As＞Hg＞Cu=Pb＞Cr＞Zn.Cd的Eir值对RI值的权重贡献最大,即Cd表现为首要的潜在生态风险因子.     

厦门沿海贝类中重金属的含量及污染状况评价

通过对厦门沿海地区牡蛎、缢蛏、花蛤、毛蚶、文蛤等五种贝类中的Pb,Cd,As,Cr,Hg,Cu含量的测定,对不同贝类中各重金属元素的含量进行了Pearson相关性分析,结果表明Pb与Cr之间存在显著意义的正相关(P0.05),相关系数为0.892,其它各元素间则没有显著的相关性,这将有助于进一步研究和追溯污染源。对厦门沿海地区养殖贝类受重金属的污染状况分析表明,As的污染指数已高于评价指标(GB2762—2012),花蛤和文蛤中Cr的污染指数也已高于评价指标,由此可见厦门沿海地区As、Cr的污染不容忽视。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has