一种并联型岩石温度-渗流-应力耦合三轴流变仪

该实用新型涉及一种并联型岩石温度-渗流-应力耦合三轴流变仪,包括加载框架,加载框架内设有若干三轴压力室,各三轴压力室的压头分别与轴压伺服控制系统连接,各个三轴压力室通过油管与围压伺服控制系统连接;各三轴压力室内的试样通过水管与孔压伺服控制系统连接;各个三轴压力室的外壁上设有电加热部,电加热部与温度控制系统连接;轴压伺服控制系统、围压伺服控制系统、孔压伺服控制系统、和温度控制系统均和数据采集与控制系统通过电路连接,数据采集与控制系统实时控制试样的应力场、渗流场和温度场,以测量试样在不同的温度-渗流-应力耦合条件下的流变变形。本实用新型可以同时进行多组不同温度-渗流-应力耦合条件下的流变试验。     

一种并联型岩石温度-渗流-应力耦合三轴流变仪

该实用新型涉及一种并联型岩石温度-渗流-应力耦合三轴流变仪,包括加载框架,加载框架内设有若干三轴压力室,各三轴压力室的压头分别与轴压伺服控制系统连接,各个三轴压力室通过油管与围压伺服控制系统连接;各三轴压力室内的试样通过水管与孔压伺服控制系统连接;各个三轴压力室的外壁上设有电加热部,电加热部与温度控制系统连接;轴压伺服控制系统、围压伺服控制系统、孔压伺服控制系统、和温度控制系统均和数据采集与控制系统通过电路连接,数据采集与控制系统实时控制试样的应力场、渗流场和温度场,以测量试样在不同的温度-渗流-应力耦合条件下的流变变形。该实用新型可以同时进行多组不同温度-渗流-应力耦合条件下的流变试验。     

长英质麻粒岩流变性质的实验研究

在温度为６５０～９００℃、围压为１１００ΜΡａ和应变率为１０－４～１０－７ｓ－１的条件下，对大陆下地壳组成中的一类重要岩石——长英质麻粒岩进行了流变实验。稳态流动力学参数符合幂函数流动律ε＝Ａｅｘｐ（Ｑｃ／ＲＴ）Δσｎ，其中Ａ＝０．２７ＭＰａ－３ｓ－１，Ｑｃ＝２８８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，ｎ＝３．０。该文将其外推到大陆下地壳变形环境下，讨论了下地壳的强度特征     

水压轴压耦合作用下混凝土变形试验研究

利用微机控制多通道轴压水压联合作用岩石-混凝土流变试验系统对真实水环境中混凝土试样进行不同水压轴压下的压缩试验,研究不同水压轴压条件下混凝土试样变形及破坏规律。试验结果表明:真实水环境中,水围压增大混凝土试样轴向应变增加,即高水压不利于混凝土结构随时间的应变稳定;水围压能使混凝土试样体现一定的塑性,同时又在混凝土出现微裂纹时加速试样破坏进程。由于压力水具有流动性和劈裂作用,真实水环境中的水压力将在混凝土微结构中产生膨胀力,破坏混凝土结构稳定。水围压使混凝土抵抗弹性变形的能力增强,但抵抗整体变形的能力减弱。     

加载速率对实时高温花岗岩三轴力学特性影响的实验研究

以未风化花岗岩为实验对象,在高温高压三轴力学实验系统上开展三轴压缩实验,分析了三种加载速率下岩样温度、围压对峰值强度、弹性模量的影响,探讨了岩样热损伤演化规律的加载速率效应,建立了花岗岩冷损伤方程。结果显示:在100℃时,加载速率增大,低围压区岩石由延性转向脆性,渐进破坏向突发失稳转变;在500℃时,加载速率增大,低围压区弹性模量硬化明显,失稳模式为准突发失稳;随着加载速率的增大,在低温30～200℃时峰值强度的增加显著,在较高温度200～500℃时峰值强度的增加幅度降低,随着围压的升高,加载速率使峰值强度增强作用降低;各级岩石温度条件下,加载速率与弹性模量相关性不显著;低围压时弹性模量增幅较大,高围压时弹性模量增幅较小;随着加载速率的提高,弹性模量损伤与岩石温度的关系由线性转变为非线性的临界围压降低。     

熊耳山地区滑脱拆离带的脆韧性转换机制

河南熊耳山地区的滑脱拆离带由浅部到深部为一脆性—脆韧性—韧性的断裂带．浅部盖层由于未遭受高温热液变质作用，所受围压和孔隙压力较小，表现为脆性变形；深部基底遭受了强烈的高温热液变质作用，岩石中赋存汽水流体较多，所受围压也较大，表现为韧性变形；而位于盖层与基底之间的拆离断层则由于高孔隙压力作用降低了部分围压效应，使之位于盖层与基底之间的拆离断层产生了脆韧性变形．这样在不同围压、流体、孔隙压力和高温热液变质作用等因素及构造应力的共同作用下，实现了本地区滑脱拆离带的脆韧性转换     

40Cr－5CrMnMo钢超塑性压接的组织与性能

采用预先处理及表面处理，４０Ｃｒ－５ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢在空气炉中可实现超塑性固相压接．压接工艺条件为：温度７１０～７３０℃，应变速率２～３×１０－４ｓ－１、压力５０～８０ＭＰａ．时间３～５ｍｉｎ．压接强度达到基材４０Ｃｒ钢强度。通过接头显微组织分析，提出了钢超塑性固相压接机制为超塑变形的晶粒滑动和原子扩散造成的原始界面消失。     

基性麻粒岩半脆性域剪切带形成机制的实验研究

在温度为８００～９００℃，围压为１ＧＰａ的条件下对基性麻粒岩进行了压缩变形实验。样品变形处于半脆性域，以出现非破裂的准韧性剪切带为特征。提出了剪切带是由样品的原始缺陷向外稳态扩展而形成的机制，可用稍加改变的流变介质断裂力学原理对这种扩展过程进行说明；并将此机制推广到剪切带的形成中。     

基于峰前能量演化及峰后侧向变形特征的岩石脆性评价方法

为实现对峰前及峰后岩石脆性特征的定量刻画,提出了一种基于岩石峰前能量演化及峰后侧向变形特征的岩石脆性评价方法,建立岩石峰前脆性指标B_pre及峰后脆性指标B_post,将两者之积作为岩石脆性评价指标B_m。为验证脆性评价指标的合理性,选取凉山州某铁矿矿山扩能工程露天采场边坡发育的玢岩、辉长岩及花岗岩为研究对象,开展不同岩石及不同围压条件下的三轴压缩试验;采用已有的脆性评价方法B₁₅～B₁₈、B₂₃与本文所提的岩石脆性评价指标B_m对试样的脆性特征进行验证对比,结果表明：(1)采用脆性指标B_m能够较好地评定不同种类岩石的脆性特征,B_m与岩石脆性呈负相关,即脆性评价指标B_m越大,岩石脆性程度越高;(2)脆性指标B_m较好地验证了围压对岩石脆性特征的影响,随着围压的增大,岩石脆性程度降低。本文所提出的脆性评价方法丰富和完善了岩石室内脆性评价体系,具有一定的理论意义...     

辽西花岗岩三轴蠕变时效性试验

为研究辽西花岗岩的工程力学性能,采用TAW-2000电液伺服岩石三轴仪,对辽西花岗岩试样分别进行了围压为5 MPa、10 MPa和20 MPa条件下的三轴蠕变实验.基于不同围压条件下的三轴蠕变试验数据,绘制辽西花岗岩的三轴蠕变曲线、等时应力应变曲线和蠕变速率曲线,分析试样的蠕变起始应力和长期强度.研究结果表明:等时应力应变与蠕变速率相结合的方法能更好地描述蠕变的发展过程、变形特征和蠕变阶段.随着围压的增加,蠕变速率的波动范围减小,加速蠕变段的发展过程更为平稳,蠕变破坏经历的时间也更长.实验数据的统计分析结果表明:试样的蠕变长期强度阈值为(0.7~0.8)(σ1-σ3).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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