基于体积平均法的NH4 Cl水溶液凝固行为研究

根据合金凝固理论和体积平均多相模型,对NH4 Cl-70%H2 O凝固过程进行了数值模拟和实验验证。虽然研究者已研究过NH4 Cl-70%H2 O凝固过程,但是只针对单个现象进行分析,比如通道偏析的形成、对流形式以及晶粒的形成。在前人研究的基础上,本文首次通过数值模拟和实验对比两种手段相结合的方式全面地研究了氯化铵水溶液凝固整个计算域的全部现象,尤其再现了等轴晶在铸锭中的下落漂移现象以及由此引起的对流,并且更深入地探究了偏析的形成原因。通过计算发现等轴晶从型壁处沉降并逐渐向铸型底部积聚,直到体积分数达到一临界值后,柱状晶停止生长,完成柱状晶向等轴晶转化过程。由于溶质再分配,底部晶粒集中的区域形成了负偏析,在尚未凝固的上部区域形成较大范围的正偏析。通过实验验证发现,等轴晶在铸锭中的下落漂移现象和对流形式的预测值与实验值较为一致,从而全面揭示出凝固过程中固相的移动和对流是产生宏观偏析的关键因素。     

垂直连铸凝固过程的数值模拟研究

采用基于Eulerian-Eulerian方法和合金凝固理论的液相-柱状晶-等轴晶三相凝固模型，对立式连铸工艺中结晶器内的凝固过程进行了研究.对比焓-多孔介质凝固模型，除热溶质浮升力导致的熔体流动，该三相凝固模型还考虑了柱状晶组织的生长、等轴晶组织的形成和演变以及游离等轴晶粒的沉浮，揭示了等轴晶沉降漂移作用对宏观溶质传输及凝固组织分布的影响.模拟结果显示铸坯中心处由等轴晶粒沉积形成的富等轴晶区存在溶质负偏析，紧邻该负偏析区域存在带状偏析区域.随着钢液过热度增加，等轴晶分布减少，中心处宏观偏析加重.     

薄带铸轧过程中微观偏析的模拟

针对薄带铸轧过程冷却速率大的特点,采用微观偏析模型对碳钢在薄带铸轧过程中溶质元素的微观偏析进行了模拟,通过模拟给出了铸轧凝固过程中固相率随温度的变化规律,固相率仅在很窄的温度范围内迅速增加·同时给出了冷却速率对溶质元素偏析的影响规律,随冷却速率的增加,溶质元素晶间偏析增大,而晶内偏析较小·在此基础上给出了碳钢薄带双辊铸轧过程中凝固终了温度值,为确定铸带凝固终了点的位置及铸轧过程的稳定性提供了有效的数据,为铸轧薄带的质量分析提供了理论依据·     

二元合金凝固微观模型的研究现状

基于对二元合金凝固过程宏观传输耦合数学模型中非平衡凝固路径和局部液相溶质浓度的确定,详细讨论了两种不同类型的微观凝固数学模型,即凝固动力学模型和凝固微观偏析模型,对其中的确定性凝固动力学模型和微观偏析半解析模型的研究现状分别进行了回顾,分别讨论了凝固动力学模型和微观偏析模型的主要影响因素,即过冷度和形核率以及固相反向扩散和枝晶结构粗化,对凝固微观模型在合金凝固过程耦合数值模拟中的应用价值及其未来的研究方向进行了阐述.     

连铸坯凝固过程平面枝晶微观偏析模拟研究

为解决连铸钢坯偏析问题,基于菲克第二定律和质量守恒定律,建立了一维平面枝晶生长凝固偏析数值模型。应用有限容积法离散传质方程,离散后的方程用VB编程求解,研究X70管线钢凝固过程中在二次枝晶间距范围内的C,Si,Mn,S,P各元素质量分数分布随凝固进程和冷却速率的变化规律。结果表明:固相率的变化对合金元素在二次枝晶间偏析影响较大,冷却速率对其影响较小;随着固相率的增加,各合金元素的固相成分增加较少,液相成分质量分数快速增加;S和P元素在固相中的分布较均匀,S凝固终了的偏析指数最高,C偏析指数最小。在实际生产中应适当控制S和P元素的含量。     

高速定向凝固溶质偏析的相场法数值模拟

利用耦合溶质场的相场模型,采用温度冻结近似条件对单相二元合金高速定向凝固的界面形态及溶质偏析进行了模拟,展现了定向凝固过程中的平-胞-平转变,研究了固相扩散系数Ds及溶质梯度系数δ对模拟结果的影响.研究结果表明,随着界面推进速度的增加,界面形态由初始平面生长转变为胞晶/细胞晶以及平界面生长;随着固相溶质扩散系数Ds的增加,界面推进速度减小,溶质分配系数减小,界面前沿溶质扩散层变厚,微观偏析程度减小,得到成分均匀的胞晶组织.但是,当Ds小于10-7cm2/s时,Ds对界面推进速度及溶质浓度分布都没有明显的影响.随着溶质梯度系数δ的增加,胞晶尖端生长速度相应增加,溶质分配系数k增大,溶质截留效应明显.     

定向凝固过程流动、传热、传质的耦合数值模拟-Ⅰ数学模型

为了研究电磁场作用下定向凝固过程中电磁场对动量、能量和溶质分布的影响,建立了描述多元合金凝固过程多物理场耦合关系的数学模型．基于伪二元思想,模型给出了液相线温度与固相分数及液相多元溶质浓度的耦合关系式．依据控制容积的有限差分法(CV-FDM)建立了微分方程的隐式离散格式,采用SIMPLE方法求解．运用该模型通过数值计算可以将工艺参数和凝固过程很好联系起来,为电磁场作用下多元合金定向凝固过程的分析计算和实验提供理论依据．     

Ti-45%Al合金界面形态及微观结构演化的相场模拟

用相场法对Ti-45%Al合金在近绝对稳定高速定向凝固条件下的液固相变界面形态和微观结构演化进行模拟.结果表明：初始平界面失稳后形成许多细胞晶,在生长速度进一步增大至近绝对稳定平界面过程中,存在细胞晶向高速平界面的转变;体系溶质分布模拟的研究结果表明,由于固液界面处发生溶质截流,体系出现低微观偏析的凝固结构.模拟结果与快速凝固理论相吻合.     

定向凝固过程流动、传热、传质的耦合数值模拟-I 数学模型

为了研究电磁场作用下定向凝固过程中电磁场对动量、能量和溶质分布的影响，建立了描述多元合金凝固过程多物理场耦合关系的数学模型．基于伪二元思想，模型给出了液相线温度与固相分数及液相多元溶质浓度的耦合关系式．依据控制容积的有限差分法（CV—FDM）建立了微分方程的隐式离散格式，采用SIMPLE方法求解．运用该模型通过数值计算可以将工艺参数和凝固过程很好联系起来，为电磁场作用下多元合金定向凝固过程的分析计算和实验提供理论依据．     

高炭钢连铸坯凝固过程溶质宏观偏析的数值模型

采用Fe-C二元合金的紊流、凝固传热及溶质传输三维耦合模型,针对铸坯不同碳质量分数对凝固过程溶质分布的影响进行数值模拟,凝固过程以柱状晶生长方式进行,遵循局部热力学平衡研究发现,与低碳钢相比,高碳钢的凝固坯壳较薄,等温曲线较为光滑,糊状区范围较大碳质量分数较高的钢种,偏析较轻;而低碳钢,偏析较为严重.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that