活动星系核吸积盘辐射的研究

在标准吸积盘辐射模型的基础上,考虑了不同的质量吸积率、不同的无量纲旋转参数a(中心黑洞为克尔黑洞)、最小稳定轨道半径处存在的约束(产生一个矩)和吸积盘表面磁场的存在(喷流辐射与吸积盘辐射之间存在一定的耦合)对吸积盘辐射的影响。结果表明,中心黑洞为正旋转的克尔黑洞比史瓦西黑洞辐射的峰值及峰值频率大,负旋转的克尔黑洞比史瓦西黑洞辐射的峰值及峰值频率小,质量吸积率越大峰值和峰值频率变大,无量纲黑洞旋转参数a越大峰值与峰值频率越大,喷流辐射能量和吸积盘辐射能量之比越大峰值和峰值频率越小,辐射效率越大峰值和峰值频率越大。     

正则静态黑洞的薄吸积盘

依照Penrose的宇宙检察猜想,自然界不存在裸奇性.所以,值得进一步考虑的是自然界根本不存在奇性.讨论了没有奇点的正则黑洞,并研究史瓦西黑洞和正则黑洞在天体物理学中的区别.研究围绕正则黑洞的薄吸积盘,比较了不同正则黑洞之间薄吸积盘的能量通量,辐射温度和吸积效率.结果显示,正则黑洞薄吸积盘内的相互作用比史瓦西的更加强.此外,随着正则黑洞质量不断地减少,薄吸积盘会更有效地消耗能量.这些特征提供了一种区分出正则黑洞的可能性.     

黑洞吸积盘径向参量的演化

利用黑洞吸积盘演化的基本方程组 ,在纯吸积情况下 ,求得了薄、厚吸积盘及一般厚吸积盘的黑洞视界半径rH的演化方程 .证实了中心黑洞与吸积盘相互影响的基本性质 ,并得到一些新的结果 .黑洞视界半径rH演化并非完全单调 ,其演化特性与吸积盘的类型有关 :对于薄盘 ,rH单调递增 ;对于临界厚盘 ,rH先增后减 ;对于一般厚盘 ,rH先增后减再递增 .还讨论了吸积盘内边缘与黑洞视界间隔的演化 .     

短暴对应中微子主导吸积盘的盘质量

短暴最有可能起源于双致密星并合.因为这种情形产生的吸积盘较小,持续时间可以和短暴的持续时标相当.模拟结果显示,双星并合产生的吸积盘质量远低于双星质量的总和.本文利用现有的观测数据,估算了恒星级黑洞周围中微子主导吸积盘的质量.结果显示,短暴吸积盘质量的估算主要取决于它的喷流能量和张角及黑洞的质量和自旋.一些短暴要求具有很大质量的吸积盘,这个数值已经达到甚至超过了模拟的最大值.我们认为,可能存在其他的电磁动力学过程或者其他的机制可以提高中微子辐射效率,从而提供短暴爆发所需要的能量.     

黑洞双星低硬态与喷流成协的模型

提出了黑洞双星与准稳态喷流成协的低硬态模型.把盘冕模型与束缚在盘的磁补丁的开磁力线结合起来,拟合了5个黑洞双星低硬态的谱型;通过调节吸积率和盘冕的外边界和数值计算,验证了处于低硬态的黑洞双星的喷流功率和X射线光度的关系.     

磁化黑洞吸积盘的统一模型及其放能效率

阐述了一种包括三种放能机制在内的磁化黑洞吸积盘的统一模型，在广义相对论框架中导出满足Max-well方程的磁耦合映射关系，在黑洞基本演化方程的基础上得出描述黑洞演化状态的特征函数，分析了黑洞自转参量演化的平衡点及特征，讨论了统一模型的各参量对磁化黑洞吸积盘放能效率的影响，计算表明，在黑洞视界面磁压满足冲压平衡条件下，黑洞吸积盘的最大放能效率可达44.5%。     

吸积盘中心黑洞的熵变与 B-Z 过程

分别在薄盘和厚盘两种情况下,详细讨论了纯吸积过程和Ｂ－Ｚ过程中吸积盘中心黑洞的熵变．结果表明,中心黑洞各参量在Ｂ－Ｚ过程中的变化率与在纯吸积过程中的变化率之差与盘结构无关,而且与Ｂ－Ｚ过程的辐射功率成正比．在Ｂ－Ｚ过程中黑洞熵的变化率总是大于纯吸积过程中黑洞熵的变化率,二者之差来自中心黑洞延伸视界上的耗散功率．此外,还讨论了黑洞热力学定律在上述盘吸积过程中的有效性．     

吸积盘中心黑洞的熵变与B—Z过程

分别在薄盘和厚盘两种情况下，详细讨论了纯吸积过程和Ｂ－Ｚ过程中吸积盘中心黑洞的熵变。结果表明，中心黑洞各参量在Ｂ－Ｚ过程中的变化率与在纯吸积过程中的变化率之差与盘结构无关，而且与Ｂ－Ｚ过程的辐射功率成正比。在Ｂ－Ｚ过程中黑洞熵的变化率总是大于纯吸积过程中黑洞熵的变化率，二者之差来自中心黑洞延伸视界上的耗散功率。此外，还讨论了黑洞热力学定律在上述盘吸积过程中的有效性。     

检测黑洞双星的自转

基于旋转黑洞能量提取的两种机制,Blandford-Znajek(BZ)和magnetic coupling(MC)的共存模型,提出计算黑洞自转的一种新方法.利用该方法计算了既有射电喷流又有高频准周期振荡的黑洞双星的自转,发现其中心是一个与吸积盘旋转方向相同的快转黑洞,且黑洞自转范围很窄.该方法得到的计算结果与其他方法得到的结果很接近.     

黑洞吸积盘径向参量的演化

利用黑洞吸积盘演化的基本方程级,在纯吸积情况下,求得了薄、厚吸积盘及一般厚吸积盘的黑洞视界半径ｒＨ的演化方程。证实了中心黑洞与吸积相互影响的基本性质,并得到一些新的结果。黑洞视界半径ｒＨ演化并非完全单调,其演化特性与吸积盘的类型有关：对于薄盘,ｒＨ单调递增;对于临办厚盘,ｒＨ抚增后减;对于一般厚盘,ｒＨ先增后减再递增。还讨论了吸积盘内边缘与黑洞视界间隔的演化。     

Direct detection of a magnetic field in the innermost regions of an accretion disk

Models predict that magnetic fields play a crucial role in the physics of astrophysical accretion disks and their associated winds and jets. For example, the rotation of the disk twists around the rotation axis the initially vertical magnetic field, which responds by slowing down the plasma in the disk and by causing it to fall towards the central star. The magnetic energy flux produced in this process points away from the disk, pushing the surface plasma outwards, leading to a wind from the disk and sometimes a collimated jet. But these predictions have hitherto not been supported by observations. Here we report the direct detection of the magnetic field in the core of the protostellar accretion disk FU Orionis. The surface field reaches strengths of about 1 kG close to the centre of the disk, and it includes a significant azimuthal component, in good agreement with recent models. But we find that the field is very filamentary and slows down the disk plasma much more than models predict, which may explain why FU Ori fails to collimate its wind into a jet.     

冕洞边界区磁结构的探讨

摘要用Hell083nm单色像上的极区、低纬冕洞的边界,确定Fe]532.4nm纵向场全日面磁图上对应的极,低纬冕洞的边界.对光球上极、低纬冕洞边界足根连线范围内外的磁场强度,磁极性、磁场几何位形进行了分析讨论.观测结果表明t就极无涧大尺度范围来看,是单极开放场I就48h时标的加强磁结构来说,以开放场为主的情况下,有开放场与闭合场栩混杂的情况.就同时的极冕洞与低纬度冕洞边界足根连线附近磁场位形相比较,差别是明显的.     

电子磁流体模型及Biermann电池效应和位移电流效应

电子磁流体（Electron Magnetohydrodynamics,EMHD）理论在空间、天体等离子体物理以及纯电子等离子体物理领域,特别是磁场的产生、磁力线的重联等重要物理现象的研究中有广泛应用．近年来对一些空间、天体物理过程的实验室模拟以及相关的激光等离子体物理与高能量密度物理的研究中,等离子体物理过程的快尺度时空演化导致位移电流效应、Biermann电池效应等对电子磁流体模型的一些基本假设产生重要的修正．本文在讨论分析电子磁流体理论模型主要近似的基础上,研究了Biermann电池效应与位移电流引起的效应,并进一步讨论了这一些效应对一些重要等离子体物理过程的影响．     

黑洞磁化薄吸积盘的热稳定性

首先回顾了吸积盘理论产生的背景和研究概况.自从1991年Balbus和Hawley揭示了磁转动不稳定性(MRI)在较差转动流体系统中的重要性之后,磁场逐渐成为吸积盘理论研究所不可回避的成分.因此在标准薄盘模型的框架下,引入了环向磁场.假设在热扰动发生的时标内局部环向磁通量守恒,具体分析了当环向磁场参与到吸积盘垂向流体静力学平衡以及粘滞产热等过程之后,对盘的热稳定性所产生的影响.结果显示:当磁压在总压强中所占比例高于24%时,对任意的吸积率吸积盘都将呈现出热稳定性.这一结果有别于传统薄盘在辐射压主导情况下是热不稳定的结论,可以用于解释部分高光度X射线双星系统中缺少相应光变的观测事实,以及有助于理解近年来磁化吸积盘数值模拟中的一些结果.     

Recent progresses in theoretical studies and satellite observations for collisionless magnetic reconnection

As an essential mechanism in large scale fast magnetic energy releases and field reconfigurations processes in space,astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas,magnetic reconnection,particularly collisionless magnetic reconnection,has been studied for more than 65 years.Many progresses have been achieved in recent years and basic features of the process have been well understood,largely due to more and more satellite observation data available in the last decade.However,a few outstanding issues are still remained unresolved.We in the paper review the development of collisionless magnetic reconnection studies and major achievements in recent years,and also briefly discuss the open questions remained to be answered in studies of collisionless magnetic reconnection.     

黑洞双星高频准周期振荡3∶2∶1频率比的理想模型(英文)

在Blandford-Znajek(BZ)过程和非轴对称磁场的磁耦合(MC)过程共存模型的基础上解释了黑洞双星XTE J1550-564令人困惑的高频准周期振荡(HFQPO)的3∶2∶1频率比.结果表明:高频准周期振荡中的两个频率可以用MC过程导致的两个旋转热斑来拟合,另外一个高频准周期振荡频率与BZ过程产生的磁热斑有关.进一步地,讨论了与黑洞双星XTEJ1550-564高频准周期振荡、喷流以及态转变相关的天体物理环境.     

Selective absorption processes as the origin of puzzling spectral line polarization from the Sun.

Magnetic fields play a key role in most astrophysical systems, from the Sun to active galactic nuclei. They can be studied through their effects on atomic energy levels, which produce polarized spectral lines. In particular, anisotropic radiation 'pumping' processes (which send electrons to higher atomic levels) induce population imbalances that are modified by weak magnetic fields. Here we report peculiarly polarized light in the He I 10,830-A multiplet observed in a coronal filament located at the centre of the solar disk. We show that the polarized light arises from selective absorption from the ground level of the triplet system of helium, and that it implies the presence of magnetic fields of the order of a few gauss that are highly inclined with respect to the solar radius vector. This disproves the common belief that population imbalances in long-lived atomic levels are insignificant in the presence of inclined fields of the order of a few gauss, and opens up a new diagnostic window for the investigation of solar magnetic fields.     

脉冲磁场技术在高矫顽力稀土永磁测量领域的应用

简述了超高矫顽力永磁体测量现状,分析了静态磁滞回线仪在测量高矫顽力永磁体时存在的问题及其原因.为解决此问题,采用"f-2f"原理建立了基于脉冲磁场技术的高矫顽力永磁测量装置,该装置能产生最高8 756 kA.m-1的测量磁场,能够测量高矫顽力永磁体的整个磁滞回线.阐述了该脉冲磁场测量装置的优势、组成结构以及涡流修正方法.经过实验验证,该系统具有良好的测量重复性.与国家永磁标准测量装置的对比结果显示:在低矫顽力范围内两者剩磁Br、内禀矫顽力HcJ、磁感应强度矫顽力HcB和最大磁能积(BH)max四个参数的测量偏差在1%以内;在高矫顽力范围,该装置解决了静态磁滞回线仪测量曲线变形的问题.     

A magnetic reconnection X-line extending more than 390 Earth radii in the solar wind

Magnetic reconnection in a current sheet converts magnetic energy into particle energy, a process that is important in many laboratory, space and astrophysical contexts. It is not known at present whether reconnection is fundamentally a process that can occur over an extended region in space or whether it is patchy and unpredictable in nature. Frequent reports of small-scale flux ropes and flow channels associated with reconnection in the Earth's magnetosphere raise the possibility that reconnection is intrinsically patchy, with each reconnection X-line (the line along which oppositely directed magnetic field lines reconnect) extending at most a few Earth radii (R(E)), even though the associated current sheets span many tens or hundreds of R(E). Here we report three-spacecraft observations of accelerated flow associated with reconnection in a current sheet embedded in the solar wind flow, where the reconnection X-line extended at least 390R(E) (or 2.5 x 10(6) km). Observations of this and 27 similar events imply that reconnection is fundamentally a large-scale process. Patchy reconnection observed in the Earth's magnetosphere is therefore likely to be a geophysical effect associated with fluctuating boundary conditions, rather than a fundamental property of reconnection. Our observations also reveal, surprisingly, that reconnection can operate in a quasi-steady-state manner even when undriven by the external flow.