人工灌喂乳鸽提高亲鸽产蛋效果的研究

以１５日龄至１９日龄乳鸽进行人工灌喂９天，用同日龄自然哺喂的乳鸽作对照，测定了体增重和亲鸽产蛋间隔。结果表明人工灌喂组体重分别提高１０．５％、１０．０％、１６．１％、１７．２％、６．１％，亲鸽产蛋间隔分别缩短１０天、６天、１０天、１３天、８天。人工灌喂可明显提高体重，缩短产蛋间隔，统计整个鸽舍１０４窝人工灌喂乳鸽的种鸽的两次产蛋间隔，平均为４０．１天和４１．０天，也同样证明，人工提前灌喂乳鸽可缩短亲鸽产蛋间隔。     

军曹鱼饲料中VE、VC、胆碱、肌醇适宜添加量的研究

采用L(9 34)正交设计法,配制成9种含有不同VE(40、45、50 mg/kg)、VC(500、750、1 000 mg/kg)、胆碱(3 000、5000、8 000 mg/kg)和肌醇(200、400、600 mg/kg)的实用性饲料,饲养平均体长为(17.78±1.70)cm,平均体重(28.96±9.78)g的军曹鱼幼鱼60 d。每种饲料随机投喂3组实验鱼,每天投喂2次,投喂量为鱼体重的3%～5%。实验结束时测定增重率并计算饲料系数和成活率。结果显示:对照组和实验1～9组的增重率分别为80.82%、251.39%、327.45%、54.37%、99.24%、231.28%、69.12%、107.19%、91.47%和69.51%,饲料系数分别2.13、1.78、1.63、2.05、1.88、1.85、2.02、1.96、2.03和1.97。方差分析表明,军曹鱼饲料中VE、VC、胆碱、肌醇的适宜添加量分别为45 mg/kg、750 mg/kg、3 000 mg/kg和200 mg/kg。     

不同饵料条件下花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的生长发育及存活

采用6种饵料设计成8组,分别投喂花尾胡椒鲷15日龄仔鱼,24d后测定其全长和成活率．结果表明：投喂桡足类,花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼生长最快,全长增长达3.85倍,体重增长达83.5倍;投喂经营养强化的卤虫无节幼体 鱼糜,花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼成活率最高,平均成活率达89％～93％．投喂枝角类,花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼生长也较快,全长增长达3倍,体重增长达37.2倍;投喂桡足类、经营养强化的卤虫无节幼体以及轮虫 鱼糜,花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的成活率也较高,均在60％以上．投喂人工配合饲料和轮虫,花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的生长最慢,全长增长分别为1.3倍和2.2倍,体重增长分别为2.2倍和14.6倍;投喂人工配合饲料或未经营养强化的卤虫无节幼体,平均成活率最低,分别为1％和2％．投喂桡足类、轮虫 枝角类和经营养强化的卤虫无节幼体 鱼糜的试验组,分别有80％、73％和40％的个体发育至幼鱼阶段,其余各组全部个体仍停留在稚鱼阶段．可以认为,桡足类、枝角类、经营养强化的卤虫无节幼体以及鱼糜是花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼较适宜的饵料．     

不同饵料对黄喉拟水龟稚龟生长的影响

进行了3种饵料对黄喉拟水龟(Mauremys mutica Cantor)稚龟生长影响的试验研究.试验历时154 d.结果表明:1)稚龟平均日增重,鳙鱼肉组为0.13 g,配合饲料组为0.12 g,黄粉虫组为0.09 g.2)成活率,配合饲料组最高,为100%;黄粉虫组次之,为97.1%;鳙鱼肉组最低,为88.6%.3)饵料系数,鳙鱼肉组最高,为6.38,黄粉虫组次之,为3.56,配合饲料组最低,为1.83.结果显示,用配合饲料喂养黄喉拟水龟稚龟效果良好.     

饵料、温度对唇(鱼骨)生长影响的初步研究

进行不同饵料、温度对唇生长影响的初步试验。饵料实验设计为2组饲料(鱼粉组和豆粕组),每组粗蛋白含量为4个梯度33%、36%、39%和42%,分别使用鱼粉和豆粕来调节。结果显示,经40 d不同饲料的投喂后,体重增长有了显著性的差异(P<0.05),表现为随着饲料中鱼粉、豆粕比例的增多,粗蛋白含量增高,其终末体重、特定生长率和日增重都有依次增大的趋势,相对应的饲料系数依次降低。对比投喂相近粗蛋白饲料鱼粉组和豆粕组的增重效果,鱼粉组优于豆粕组饲料(P<0.05)。配制唇的人工饲料,应以添加动物性蛋白源为主,粗蛋白质含量应达到42%以上。水温实验设计为4个梯度16℃、20℃、24℃和28℃,经56 d在不同温度条件的饲养后,体重增长有了显著性的差异(P<0.05),表现为终末体重、特定生长率和日增重,24℃时最大,16℃时最小。相对应的饲料系数,24℃时最小,16℃时最大。综合比较分析,24℃水温的养殖效果较好,其它依次为28℃、20℃和16℃。     

不同人工饲料对龟纹瓢虫取食效应和虫体成分的影响

研究了5种人工饲料对龟纹瓢虫雌虫取食以及体成分的影响.结果表明：人工饲料喂养组和蚜虫喂养组的取食量变化趋势相同，都是在羽化后几天内取食量急剧升高，然后逐渐减弱；并且蚜虫喂养组的取食量和取食指数都远大于人工饲料喂养组，约为人工饲料喂养组的3~4倍；而添加蔗糖的饲料2组的取食量要显著高于未添加的饲料1组，则证明了蔗糖对于龟纹瓢虫的取食具有促进作用；在相对生长率（RGR）和食物近似消化率（AD）上，蚜虫喂养组要显著高于人工饲料喂养组，人工饲料喂养组的食物近似消化率偏低，可能是由于饲料的营养配比不平衡，或是饲料中存在某些抗营养因子；而对食物利用率（ECI）和转化率（ECD）的测定发现蚜虫喂养组要低于人工饲料喂养组，这可能是低取食量的昆虫通过提高食物利用率和转化率来维持其生存的需要；实验还表明添加蔗糖可以显著提高食物的近似消化率、食物利用率和转化率.同时对其体成分的研究表明：龟纹瓢虫雌虫水分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量分别为58.77%,15.93%和11.30%；雌虫的脂肪酸组成以不饱和脂肪酸（USFA）为主，单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）以油酸（1C18 n-9）为主要组成成分，而多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）以亚油酸（2C18 n-6）占的比例最大；在饲料中添加蔗糖能显著提高龟纹瓢虫的蛋白含量，而在饲料中添加橄榄油则能显著提高龟纹瓢虫粗脂肪的含量；人工饲料组的USFA（平均为72.70％）要高于蚜虫喂养组的含量（58.00％），当添加0.5％的橄榄油时能显著提高USFA的含量，特别是油酸的含量增加明显，这与橄榄油中油酸含量丰富密切相关.     

饲用土霉素的生产方法

据国内外报道,家禽家畜饲料内添加少量土霉素,不仅能减少疾病,提高成活率,而且还能够促进动物生长,节约饲料。我国有关部门试验证明,饲料内加少许土霉素对猪的生长有明显的促进作用,体重比不喂土霉素的增加15～40％。     

配合饲料与冰鲜桡足类对大黄鱼稚鱼生长、氨基酸及脂肪酸组成的影响

设置人工配合饲料、桡足类及二者交替投喂(2 h:2 h)三个饲料组饲养大黄鱼稚鱼[初始体长为(8.18±1.41)mm,体质量为(6.83±1.02)mg],研究三个饲料组对大黄鱼稚鱼生长性能、氨基酸与脂肪酸组成的影响,养殖周期为8周。结果显示,混合组大黄鱼稚鱼存活率及生长性能优于配合饲料组,并明显优于桡足类组(P0.05);三饲料组大黄鱼稚鱼氨基酸组成差异不明显;配合饲料组和混合组稚鱼脂肪酸组成明显优于桡足类组(P0.05),但二者之间差异不明显。由研究结果可知,大黄鱼稚鱼培育期间完全使用配合饲料或桡足类不能取得最为理想的培育效果,而桡足类与配合饲料混合使用可以提高大黄鱼稚鱼的成活率,促进大黄鱼稚鱼生长。     

甜菜碱对肉用仔鸡生长性能的影响

将２００只１日龄艾维茵肉用仔鸡随机分为４组（Ｉ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组），每组５０只，饲喂４种不同处理的日粮５周（含甜菜碱０、５×１０－４、１×１０－３、１．５×１０－３），自由采食和饮水，测定增重和饲料消耗。结果表明，３周龄时各组鸡平均体重差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），但在５周龄时饲喂５×１０－４甜菜碱的鸡增重提高１６．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１），并使饲料消耗降低１．２％，其他试验组差异不显著。可见饲料中添加甜菜碱对提高肉用仔鸡生长性能、降低饲料消耗具有显著的经济效益。     

复合蛋白CM2替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、表观消化率和抗氧化能力的影响

为研究复合蛋白CM2替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料消化率以及抗氧化能力的影响,本试验设计了3种等氮等脂的饲料,其中:一组饲料含有25%(质量分数)鱼粉,记为基础组(D_1);另两组用CM2等蛋白替代基础饲料中部分鱼粉,使饲料鱼粉的质量分数分别为20%和15%,分别记做D2和D3组。以这3种饲料投喂初始体重为(0.65±0.05)g的凡纳滨对虾,进行为期70 d的生长试验。结果表明:CM2替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾的成活率和生长性能无显著影响(P0.05),对虾体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分无显著差异(P0.05);D2组饲料干物质、能量和磷表观消化率显著高于D1和D3组(P0.05);D1组蛋白质消化率最低,显著低于其他两组(P0.05),各组对虾血清的碱性磷酸酶、酚氧化酶、总超氧化物歧化酶和总抗氧化能力均无显著差异(P0.05),但D2组对虾血清的过氧化物酶的酶活力显著高于D1和D3组(P0.05);肝胰腺中的过氧化氢酶、总超氧化物歧化酶的酶活力和丙二醛含量在各试验组间均未见显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,复合蛋白CM2替代5%~10%(质量分数)的鱼粉,对凡纳滨对虾的摄食、生长和体组成无影响,并可提高饲料的表观消化率,且对凡纳滨对虾的非特异免疫、抗氧化指标和肠道炎症因子基因表达无显著影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.