Comparison of estradiol benzoate and dihydrotestosterone propionate with testosterone propionate on the induction of male-like sexual behavior in female sheep ovariectomized as adults]

Daily I/M injections of 200 microgram of oestradiol benzoate induce in female Sheep, ovariectomized as adults, male-like sexual reactions similar to what is obtained with 10 mg testosterone propionate per day. Simultaneously, a permanent female sexual receptivity is observed. Oestradiol benzoate at the dose of 20 microgram/day, and dihydrotestosterone propionate (10 mg/day) are both totally ineffective. The result support the hypothesis of the necessity of the aromatization of testosterone for the action on sexual behaviour.     

Steroid-induced concentric membrane whorls in dog liver

Summary When daily doses of 10 mg/kg of the androgenic steroids fluoxymesterone, methyltestosterone, testosterone propionate, oxymetholone and mepitiostane were administered to adult male and female beagle dogs for 6 months, concentric membrane whorls were produced in the hepatocytes of all groups. The whorls frequently had a central core mainly composed of lipids or mitochondria and the membranes of the whorls, consisting of paired membranes, continued to the smooth or granular endoplasmic reticulum at the periphery of the structures.     

Transaminasenaktivität nach Methyltestosteron-, Testosteronpropionat-, Chlorpromazin- und Methylthiouracilbehandlung

Summary The treatment of 62 patients with chlorpromazine was followed by a rise of SGO-T in the serum in 20% of them. Six other patients were treated with a daily dose of 200 to 400 mg Methylthiouracil for 14 days. No elevation of serum transaminases was observed. The application of a daily dose of 30 mg methyl testosterone to 40 other patients was followed by a rise of SGO-T and SGP-T in 77% of them. The maximal elevation of SGO-T was 275 U. and of SGP-T 260 U., and this was reached during 10 days of therapy on an average. This effect is bound to the methyl group of methyl testosterone, since in 10 patients, treated with the same dose of testosterone propionate, the serum transaminases activity were not influenced.     

Specific binding of 3H-progesterone to a plasma protein in the guinea pig fetus]

The presence of a protein that binds specifically and with high affinity to progesterone is found in the plasma of fetal guinea Pig. Progesterone and 5 alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone strongly compete for the 3H-progesterone-protein complex. 5 beta-dihydroxy progesterone, 20 beta-dihydroxyprogesterone, testosterone and synthetic progestagen, R-5020 (17,21-dimethyl-19-norpregna-4, 9-diene-3,20 dione), also compete but less intensely. 17-hydroxyprogesterone, aldosterone, cortisol, oestradiol and oestrone have no effect. The 3H-progesterone-protein, complex has an affinity of Kd = 8.8 +/- 3.5 x 10(-10) M and in sucrose density gradient the sedimentation coefficient is 4.6 S.     

Inhibition of post-hemicastration hypertrophy of the remaining testis by testosterone or aqueous testicular extract treatments in the young rat]

In the 10 day old hemicastrated Rat daily injections of testosterone (total doses of 0.04 to 4 mg/Rat) or of proteinaceous extract of Rat testis (4 mg/Rat) inhibit compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining testis. Both testosterone and testicular proteinaceous extract could be involved in the growing processes of the testis, locally or by means of modification of gonadotropin secretion. Results have been analysed by covariance analysis to eliminate the influence of body weight variations.     

Hormonal control of sexual receptivity in cockroaches

Many animals exhibit specific behaviors associated with sexual receptivity only when they are reproductively competent. In insects with gonadal maturation cycles, these behaviors usually coincide with ovarian matruation. In the cockroachBlattella germanica, juvenile hormone (JH), produced by the corpora allata (CA), regulates female reproductive physiology. Various experimental manipulations, including ablation of the CA, therapy with JH analogs, CA denervation, ovariectomy, and changing nutrient quality, coupled with time-lapse video recording, support the hypothesis that JH also controls female sexual receptivity. A re-examination of the role of the CA in the maturation of male sexual readiness shows that, while sexual behavior develops in the absence of JH in bothB. germanica andSupella longipalpa, JH accelerates the expression of sexual readiness.     

Hormonal control of pheromone responsiveness in the male black cutwormAgrotis ipsilon

In Lepidoptera, reproduction is linked to chemical communication between conspecific partners. When exposed to the female sex pheromone, males respond by exhibiting typical sexual behaviour which leads to mating. Here we show that presence of the juvenile hormone producing gland (corpora allata) of the male black cutworm,Agrotis ipsilon, is necessary for pheromone responsiveness. Allatectomized males do not show any sexual behaviour, although their antennal olfactory system is functional. Allatectomized males implanted with active corpora allata recover full pheromone receptivity. It is suggested that reproductive processes are synchronized in males and females through endocrine control; timing of the mating activity could serve as an adaptive strategy linked to the migratory behaviour of this species.     

The effects in vivo of some sex hormones on the growth of tibias of normal and chondrodystrophic (Creeper) chick embryos]

Various sex hormones (testosterone, oestradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone), in the form of suspensions in oil, are injected into the allantois of normal and chondrodystrophic (Creeper) chick embryos of 6 days 1/2 incubation. Observations made on each of the phenotypes on the 12th day of incubation show that oil injected alone causes a significant decrease in the dry weight of the tibiae. This inhibitory effect is partially abolished when the oil is injected together with the sex hormones, testosterone being the most effective.     

Levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in guinea pig sex canals during embryonic life]

At the undifferentiated stage, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels were comparable in sexual ducts of both sexes. An hormonal sexual dimorphism appeared at the time of differentiation: while testosterone rapidly decreased in the female ducts, it considerably increased in those of the male. Testosterone rather than DHT seems to be responsible for the wolffian duct stabilization in the male foetus.     

Induction of vitellogenin by estradiol and androgens in a teleostean fish: Gobius niger L]

At any point in the sexual cycle of both males and females, oestradiol benzoate induces synthesis of plasmatic vitellogenin, identifiable by a specific immunserum. Pharmacological doses of purified testosterone and dihydrotestosterone also induce synthesis of this yolk precursor. Although a partial aromatisation of testosterone into oestrogen is possible, our results show that there must also be interaction between the androgens and the oestrogens receptors in the liver.     

Effects of oestrogen and progesterone on rat pineal N-acetyl transferase activity and melatonin production

We have extended previous studies on pineal beta-receptors to include effects of oestradiol or PMSG treatment in the immature female rat. Neither manipulation has any effect on norepinephrine-induced N-acetyl transferase (NAT) activity in vitro. In the adult ovariectomised rat oestrogen/progesterone priming exerts a small sensitising effect to beta-stimulation with isoproterenol. Progesterone alone, in vitro, inhibits the release of melatonin from pineals of adult ovariectomised rats.     

Reduction of isoprenaline induced tachycardia in pregnant rats. Role of a serum factor]

The in vivo isoprenaline (50 microgram/kg) induced tachycardia (beta 1 adrenergic stimulant effect) was decreased in pregnant (20th day) Rats compared to non pregnant Rats. The in vitro positive chronotropic effect of isoprenaline (10 ng/ml) on cultured Rat heart cells was abolished by pregnant Rat serum whereas progesterone (0.10 to 5 microgram/ml) or oestradiol (0.1 to 25 microgram/ml) were ineffective. The decreased beta 1 adrenergic responsiveness in pregnant Rats could be related to a seric factor, different from these two hormones.     

Inhibitory action of estradiol on testosterone production in rat embryo]

Embryos from Rats given an injection of 0,5-1 mg of oestradiol benzoate on days 17--19 of pregnancy show a 3--4-fold reduction in their testicular testosterone content with respect to the control embryos, 24--48 hrs later. OEstradiol most likely acts by inhibiting LH secretion, which in turn results in a lowered testosterone production.     

Effects of testosterone propionate on LH and testosterone concentrations before and after the injection of gonadoliberin in young bulls pre-treated with dexamethasone]

This preliminary study has been performed on four young twin bulls, one pair aged 6 months and the other one aged 12 months. Plasma LH and testosterone were assayed from frequent blood sampling. Testosterone propionate (TP) following dexamethasone treatment did not significantly influence the LH response to gonadoliberin compared to the twin controls, although testosterone concentrations were high in those TP treated animals.     

Treatment of pregnant rats with haloperidol delays the onset of sexual maturation in female offspring

Summary Treatment of pregnant rats with haloperidol (1 mg/kg/day) during the last week of gestation induces a significant delay in sexual maturation of female offspring.This study was supported by a Canadian MRC grant, No. MA-7131.     

Action of diphenylhydantoin on chromosomes

The effect of diphenyl hydantoin, (DPH) a nonbarbituate anticonvulsant drug, on chromosomes and fertility was tested in cultured human lymphocytes, mouse fertility, and rat maternal marrow chromosomes and fetal development. Whole human blood from 5 male and 5 female subjects was cultured for 68 hours with phytohemagglutinin, then incubated for 2 hours in isotonic salts with .05-.3 mg per ml DPH, .02 mcg per ml colchicine, or .4 mg per ml sodium diethylbarbiturate. The mean number of metaphases per 1000 stimulated cells was 10.0 in controls, 40.3 with colchicine, 27.9 with diethylbarbiturate, and 30.5 with .25 mg DPH per ml. Both diphenylbarbiturate and DPH produced linear dose effect curves. These results were demonstrated not to be due to urea, since there were no differences in urea content, with a 2 hour urease micromethod. Mouse fertility was totally inhibited in 6 virgin mice given .1mg DPH daily for 10 days compared to 41 pups both of 6 control mice. In 6 pregnant rats given 25 mg DPH per 100 gm/orally 4 times daily for 2 days on gestation Days 7 and 8, there were 5 rats with all fetuses resorbed and 1 rat with 3 living and several resorptions. 6 controls had 6-14 normal fetuses each. 50 metaphase plates from each rat's femoral marrow and each fetus were examined 2 hous after injecting .3 mg colchicine per 100 gm. 30% of the metaphase cells from treated females and fetuses showed strongly contracted chromosomes and reduced number os "pulverized" chromosomes. These phenomena may have been due to inhibition by DPH of folic acid metabolism which is involved in purine synthesis.     

Evolution of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in plasma, testicle and ovary of the guinea pig throughout fetal life]

High testosterone concentrations were found in the plasma of male fetus at the stage of sexual differentiation. Then the fetal testis is the principal source of circulating testosterone; its action on the Wolffian duct would occur by the systemic pathway. In female fetus, androgens were synthesized by the gonad and the relatively high levels found in the plasma have probably another source.     

Effect of testosterone on the levels of nucleic acids and proteins in the uropygial gland of the male quail

A close correlation was evidenced between the length of a silastic capsule filled with testosterone propionate and the resulting plasma concentrations in testosterone in castrated male Quail. 5 days after the beginning of the treatment, testosterone induced in the spleen glands a conspicuous increase in total RNA, DNA and protein contents.     

Effects of CA on the epididymis of intact,castrated and TP-treated langurs (Presbytis entellus entellus Dufresne)

Summary Cyproterone acetate (CA) treatment of intact langurs resulted in the disappearance of spermatozoa and regression of epididymal lumen, which can be compared with castration. The antiandrogenic nature of CA was confirmed in castrates treated simultaneously with testosterone propionate.     

Plasma testosterone concentration in control and testosterone-treated chick embryos.

After testosterone propionate treatment (1 or 2 mg per embryo), plasma testosterone in chick embryos rises to 500 times higher than in control animals, and then progressively diminishes during the following days of incubation. These drastic changes in hormonal status after the TP treatment entails consequences that may be considered pharmacological rather than physiological.