川中—川西南地区雷三段碳酸盐烃源岩生烃评价

评价川中—川西南地区中三叠统雷口坡组第三段暗色碳酸盐烃源岩的生烃能力,预测雷口坡组天然气新的勘探领域.在典型钻井岩心和岩屑样品的有机地球化学特征分析基础上,结合测井解释TOC技术,刻画出27口井的有效烃源岩厚度,并且应用有机质热模拟参数法对各井烃源岩的生气强度进行定量计算.研究表明:暗色碳酸盐烃源岩的残余有机碳质量分数...     

东濮凹陷二氧化碳生成模拟试验研究

为了探明东濮凹陷二氧化碳的来源及其丰度 ,采用加水热解法对不同源岩进行了二氧化碳生成热模拟试验 .3个实验样品取自可能的二氧化碳源岩 :下第三系泥岩、石炭—二叠系的煤岩和古生界奥陶系的灰岩 .实验结果表明 ,煤岩的生气 (二氧化碳和烃类 )能力最大 ,70 0℃时达 1 86mL/g ,泥岩次之 ,为 1 0 0 96mL/g ,灰岩最小为 2 0 49mL/g .对生成气的成分分析结果表明 ,煤岩气体产物中烃类约占 80 %～ 90 %,CO2 约占 7%～ 1 5 %;奥陶系灰岩的生烃能力很小 ,主要生成CO2 气体 .根据东濮凹陷不同源岩的生气能力 ,以及对产物的成分和同位素值的分析 ,可得到以下结论 :该区二氧化碳主要有两个来源 ,一是无机成因的主要与海相碳酸岩分解有关 ,二是有机成因的 ,主要是石炭—二叠系煤系地层热分解产生的二氧化碳 .下第三系地层由于热演化程度低 ,难以产生规模二氧化碳     

内蒙古东北拉布达林盆地上库力组烃源岩生烃潜力分析

 应用有机岩石学、热解分析等地球化学分析技术,对拉布达林盆地下白垩统上库力组一段烃源岩进行干酪根元素分析、岩石热解分析和高温高压热模拟实验。探讨了拉布达林盆地下白垩统上库力组一段烃源岩的显微组分、有机质丰度、类型和成熟度等特征,分析了其生烃潜力和生烃属性。将上库力组一段烃源岩显微组分划分为壳质组、镜质组和惰质组3种类型,其中,壳质组中来源于水生生物的腐殖无定形体含量很高（94%～97%）,有利于生油;有机质丰度较高,达到中到好的级别;烃源岩有机质类型较好,主要为II1型和II2型;有机质热演化程度较低,主要处于生油的低成熟阶段。结果表明,拉布达林盆地上库力组一段烃源岩具备较好的生油潜力,具有很好的油气勘探前景。     

海相碳酸盐烃源岩生烃潜力模糊评价方法

烃源岩主要包括泥岩、页岩和碳酸盐岩。因此,海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩也是油气成藏和含油气系统的基础。对 于海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩的评价,通常只侧重于物理化学性质的研究。由于不同的沉积盆地在沉积古环境,母质类型的 输入以及有机质所经历的热演化程度等方面差异较大,仅以烃源岩物理化学性质为侧重点的烃源岩评价方法很难评 价不同沉积盆地中烃源岩的生烃潜力。因此,为了快速有效评价碳酸盐烃源岩生烃能力,对有机质丰度、有机质类型、 有机质成熟度和生烃过程4 个方面因素进行分析研究,确定了海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩生烃潜力评价指标体系。并运用层 次分析法和模糊数学,建立烃源岩生烃潜力评价新模型;避免了在碳酸盐岩烃源岩评价过程中由于参数过多而导致的 矛盾现象,避免了选取参数时的盲目性,提高了烃源岩评价效率。在渤海湾盆地进行了生烃潜力评价,实际应用表明 该方法快速、实用、可靠,具有一定的推广价值。     

确定有效烃源岩有机质丰度下限的一种新方法——以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区上三叠统延长组湖相泥质烃源岩为例

以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系上三叠统延长组长4+5、长6、长7和长9段暗色泥岩为例,利用有机碳与氯仿沥青"A"转化率、热解有机质相对生烃量(IHC=S1/w(TOC),%)的关系,建立了适合研究区的湖相有效泥质烃源岩的有机质丰度下限值.热解S1和氯仿沥青"A"含量代表烃源岩中的已生烃量,在不排烃情况下,随有机碳含量增加而增大,当其减小时则表明有烃类的排出.代表有机质相对生烃量的热解参数IHC和沥青转化率(w(A)/w(TOC),%)随有机碳含量增加而开始降低的转折部位对应的有机碳含量即为有效烃源岩的下限值,研究区的有机碳质量分数为1.1%,相应的热解S1+S2下限值为2.2 mg/g,氯仿沥青"A"质量分数下限值为0.03%,总烃质量分数下限值为150×10-6.该下限值主要适合于研究区湖相有效烃源岩的识别,不同含油气盆地不同层段的有效烃源岩有机质丰度下限值应根据相应的分析数据加以确定.     

生油岩原始有机碳恢复方法的探讨

本文在前人工作的基础上,根据物质平衡原理和热模拟实验揭示了干酪根演化过程,探讨了沉积有机质在热降解中的转化与“消耗”,确定了各种类型成油母质在不同成熟阶段中碳的演化规律,找出了生油岩实测有机碳与干酪根中碳的对应关系,提出了各种生油岩有机碳恢复系数。文中给出了泥质岩和碳酸盐岩的应用实例。     

南祁连盆地三叠系烃源岩有机地球化学特征

通过系统的野外剖面测量和样品采集, 并运用岩石热解、有机碳测试、干酪根分析、镜质体反射率、饱和烃气相色谱、透射光照射等技术进行室内样品测试, 综合评价了南祁连盆地三叠系碳酸盐岩和泥岩露头样品的有机质丰度、类型和成熟度, 探讨了有机质的原始沉积环境和生源特征。结果表明: 尕勒得寺组(T₃g)属于好烃源岩, 有机质类型为Ⅰ~Ⅱ型, 大加连组(T₂d)为Ⅱ~Ⅲ型; 有机质演化程度高, 处于高?过成熟阶段; 碳酸盐岩和泥质岩沉积环境分别为海陆过渡相和陆源为主; 碳酸盐岩与泥岩有机质生源分别为生物降解的水生生物和陆生生物。     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

New evidence for the origin of natural gas in Ordos Basin from hydrocarbons of oil water

The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the controversy origin of natural gas in the Ordos Basin by using the hydrocarbons of oil water. New evidence has been found: There is relatively high content of light hydrocarbons and low content of heavy components in the hydrocarbons fraction of oil water in the middle gas field of the Majiagou Formation, Ordovician reservoir. The hydrocarbons of oil water in Well Shan 12 and Well Shan 78 have relatively high abundance of tricyclic terpane. Tricyclic terpane/hopane of the two samples are 1.48 and 0.36, respectively. They also show that pregnane and hompregnane are in relatively high abundance with lower hopane/sterane ratio. Pr/Ph is less than 2.0. These characteristics reflected the source input of marine carbonate sedimentary environment. In contrast, the hydrocarbon of Well Shan 81 is lack of tricyclic terpane series and pregnane. It has a high hopane/sterane ratio and Pr/Ph is 3.27. These parameters are typical character of terrestrial organic matter. Furthermore, the hydrocarbons of oil water in Well Shan 37 and Well Shan 34 is between the two typical situations. They have little content of tricyclic terpanes. They may be derived from a mixing source of marine carbonate and terrestrial organic matter input. Similarly, the maturity parameters approve this suggestion. The samples of Well Shan 12 and Well Shan 78 which derived from marine carbonate have relatively high maturity and samples derived from terrestrial organic matter have lower maturity. The maturity of the hydrocarbons of mixing source is between these two situations. The suggestion coincides with the geological background and source rocks distribution.     

鄂尔多斯北部杭锦旗探区上古生界烃源岩评价

鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗探区上古生界烃源岩问题争议大。通过有机地球化学分析、盆地模拟等方法手段对研究区上古生界烃源岩展开研究。结果表明,上古生界发育石炭系、二叠系两套烃源岩,煤层是最好的烃源岩,泥岩为差烃源岩。煤层有机碳的质量分数最高,平均值为61.32%;有机质类型好,以Ⅲ型干酪根为主,属于生气型源岩;有机质成熟度为0.8%~1.3%,已经进入生气高峰阶段。烃源岩生气强度为(0.1~1.3)×109m3/km2,具备为研究区天然气成藏提供物质基础的条件。盆地模拟结果表明山西组总生气量大于太原组,是主要的烃源岩层系。烃源岩从侏罗纪末进入大规模生烃阶段,生烃高峰为早白垩世。研究区石炭系和二叠系煤层是上古生界天然气成藏的主要气源岩,天然气组分中甲烷含量变化、天然气侧向运移距离等证据进一步佐证了上述观点,突出了研究区上古生界烃源岩的原地性特征。     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin, China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation po- tential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

M盆地烃源岩有机显微组分特征与生烃潜力初探

Ｍ盆地烃源岩主要分布于下白垩统ＡｂｕＧａｂｒａ组,为一套半深湖－深湖的沉积建造,主要生油岩为深灰色、灰黑色泥页岩．其中的原油具有高蜡、低硫和低气油比的特征．通过对烃源岩地球化学特征和烃源岩有机显微组分特征研究证实,该套烃源岩主要生油组分为陆源有机质经细菌降解形成的腐殖无定形,其次为壳质组;生油能力较弱的镜质组和惰质组含量较低．对主要烃源岩模拟生烃特征进行了研究,结果表明：这种有机质油气转换系数较大,并具有“两期生油”的特征,第一个生油高峰对应的模拟温度为３４５℃,第二个生油高峰为４２５℃,产生的油气具有生油量大、生气量小的特点．     

富硫泥灰岩油气生成特征模拟研究

利用泥灰岩加水热模拟实验探讨了泥灰岩的油气形成过程。研究结果表明 ,泥灰岩通常在还原性很强的沉积环境中形成 ,有机质丰度高 ,类型好 ,富含硫元素 ,生烃潜力很大 ,同时具有一定的低熟油生成能力。而台地相碳酸盐岩的有机质丰度太低 ,生烃潜力很小 ,很难形成有效生油岩 ,若其中含有泥灰岩或灰质泥岩 ,则可能成为好的生油岩。泥灰岩在主要生烃阶段以生油为主 ,并且有机质的生油量很大 ,而生气量较少 ,只有在较高的演化阶段才对气的生成有利。富硫泥灰岩生成的原油中饱和烃含量较高 ,且其中有较高含量的异构烷烃     

新疆三塘湖盆地烃源岩特征

新疆三塘湖盆地主要有三套烃源岩:中生界上三叠统和中下侏罗统煤系烃源岩、古生界上二叠统湖相低熟烃源岩和古生界下二叠统和石炭系湖相成熟烃源岩.烃源岩在马朗凹陷、条湖凹陷和汉水泉凹陷均有分布,岩性主要为暗色泥岩、煤和碳质泥岩.最有利的烃源岩为马朗凹陷中有机质丰度高、类型好、油气生成量大且碳酸盐岩含量高的上二叠统芦草沟组烃源岩.     

百色地区下三叠统-泥盆系烃源岩有机地球化学特征及生烃潜力分析

百色盆地海相烃源岩主要为孤立台地和台间海槽碳酸盐岩.根据百色盆地周缘大量露头样品的残余有机碳含量、干酪根碳同位素、饱和烃色谱及色质等地球化学实验数据,分析了下三叠统-泥盆系海相烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型、热演化程度.针对地表烃源岩样品具有高热演化、低丰度的地化特征,在有机质丰度的热解损失和地表风化损失校正基础上,采用蒙特卡罗法模拟计算烃源岩生烃强度.在综合分析烃源岩地化特征和生烃强度的基础上,认为百色盆地下三叠统-泥盆系海相烃源岩具有低-中等级别的生烃能力.     

四川盆地碳酸盐岩源岩气地质特征与勘探前景

充分利用露头、岩芯、岩屑等原始样品,通过薄片观察、物性分析、扫描电镜、X射线衍射及同位素分析等实验方法,结合测井资料、地震剖面解释等进行研究,从碳酸盐岩源岩气地球化学评价参数和指标厘定入手,以南川区带高产稳产气藏为实例,深入解剖四川盆地茅口组一段碳酸盐岩源岩的岩矿、物性、电性、含气性及生烃潜力,探讨了表生沉积环境、早期...     

柴达木盆地西部侏罗系油气勘探前景

柴达木盆地西部的侏罗系发育中、下侏罗统大、小煤沟组和上侏罗统采石岭组、红水沟组两套地层。中、下侏罗统以暗色含煤建造为主,暗色泥页岩发育;上侏罗统以氧化环境下沉积的红色碎屑岩建造为主,不具备生烃能力。区域地质调查及地震解释资料揭示中、下侏罗统湖相暗色泥页岩分布广、残留厚度大, 在清水沟和月牙山北分别发育了288m和256m厚的烃源岩。有机地球化学分析表明烃源岩有机碳含量平均达1.62%;有机质类型以Ⅱ2型为主,部分为Ⅲ型;正处于成熟阶段的生、排烃高峰期,具有较强的生烃能力。该区生储盖匹配良好,圈闭发育,具有较好的石油地质条件和良好的油气勘探前景。     

Discussion on marine source rocks thermal evolvement patterns in the Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin,west China

Taking marine source rocks of lower Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin and Paleozoic ones in the Sichuan Basin as examples, their sedimentation process could be classified into four styles: continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in early stage, continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in later stage, that deeply buried-uplift-shallowly buried, and that shallowly buried-uplift-deeply buried. Unlike that in East China, the marine source rocks evolvement patterns did not accord with sedimentation styles one by one in superimposed basins in west China. Taking local geothermal field into account, four types of source rock evolvement patterns were built: that evolved fast in early stage, evolved fast in middle stage, evolved continuously and evolved in multistage. Among them, the 1st pattern contributed little to the present industrial oil pools directly, but paleo-oil reservoirs and gases cracked from crude oils were main exploration targets. Although some gases were found in the 2nd pattern, the scale was not big enough. For the 3rd and 4th patterns, the hydrocarbon potential depended on organic matters maturity in early stage. For relatively low mature rocks, it was possible to generate some oils in later stage; otherwise the main products were gases. Paleo-oil reservoirs remained fairly well in the Sichuan Basin, and most source rocks underwent kerogen-oil-gas processes, which was useful reference to gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.     

Discussion on marine source rocks thermal evolvement patterns in the Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin, west China

Taking marine source rocks of lower Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin and Paleozoic ones in the Sichuan Basin as examples, their sedimentation process could be classified into four styles continuous subsldence with deep sedimentation in early stage, continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in later stage, that deeply buried-uplift-shallowly buried, and that shallowly buried-uplift-deeply buried.Unlike that in East China, the marine source rocks evolvement patterns did not accord with sedimentation styles one by one in superimposed basins in west China. Taking local geothermal field into account, four types of source rock evolvement patterns were built that evolved fast in early stage,evolved fast in middle stage, evolved continuously and evolved in multistage. Among them, the 1st pattern contributed little to the present industrial oil pools directly, but paleo-oil reservoirs and gases cracked from crude oils were main exploration targets. Although some gases were found in the 2nd pattern, the scale was not big enough. For the 3rd and 4th patterns, the hydrocarbon potential depended on organic matters maturity in early stage. For relatively low mature rocks, it was possible to generate some oils in later stage; otherwise the main products were gases. Paleo-oil reservoirs remained fairly well in the Sichuan Basin, and most source rocks underwent kerogen-oil-gas processes,which was useful reference to gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.     

海相碳酸盐岩和泥岩生烃动力学特征对比分析

选取三塘湖灰岩和下马岭页岩分别代表海相泥岩和海相碳酸盐岩开展开放体系下的生烃动力学实验,动力学模拟结果表明三塘湖灰岩成油、成气活化能基本为单一活化能分布,下马岭页岩活化能呈现多活化能分布的特点。将两样品的动力学参数结合塔里木盆地满东1井区埋藏史-热史进行地质应用,结果表明海相碳酸盐岩的生油门限（2000m）较海相泥岩的生烃门限（3000m）浅,但在5000m以前,海相泥岩的生油速率较慢;而海相碳酸盐岩的生气门限比海相泥岩的生气门限大,在6000m左右二者都达到生气高峰,但碳酸盐岩的成气转化率增加速率比较大。